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Paradoks Determinisme Dalam Film Tenet (2020) Sebagai Refleksi Kesadaran Manusia Akan Waktu, Farobi Fatkhurridho, Suma Riella Rusdiarti Apr 2024

Paradoks Determinisme Dalam Film Tenet (2020) Sebagai Refleksi Kesadaran Manusia Akan Waktu, Farobi Fatkhurridho, Suma Riella Rusdiarti

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Time is a complicated object of study because understanding time is closely related to periodization, history, and memory. Film is a medium for presenting manifestations of motion and time in visual products that can be captured by human senses. Tenet (2020) is a film that displays temporal dimensions in terms of both creative ideas and packaging through its cinematography and narrative structure. Tenet presents the idea of overlapping time consciousness of the past, present, and future. A revolving door machine in the film is used to signify the paradox of determinism or the condition of characters suffocated in a time …


Permintaan Dalam Perjanjian Persahabatan Antara Belanda Dengan Raja Badung Pada 3 Juli 1818 Dalam Surat K45.84, Muhamad Rifky Astari, Tommy Christomy Mar 2024

Permintaan Dalam Perjanjian Persahabatan Antara Belanda Dengan Raja Badung Pada 3 Juli 1818 Dalam Surat K45.84, Muhamad Rifky Astari, Tommy Christomy

Multikultura

No abstract provided.


Gastrodiplomasi Korea Dalam Acara Realitas Memasak “The Genius Paik”, Gusti Agung Ayu Tehilla Putri Cahyadi, Zaini Zaini Mar 2024

Gastrodiplomasi Korea Dalam Acara Realitas Memasak “The Genius Paik”, Gusti Agung Ayu Tehilla Putri Cahyadi, Zaini Zaini

Multikultura

No abstract provided.


Penggunaan Artikel Bahasa Belanda Oleh Mahasiswa Program Studi Belanda Tingkat Ii Dan Iii Tahun Ajar 2023/2024, Vanya Aprilia, Eliza Gustinelly Jan 2024

Penggunaan Artikel Bahasa Belanda Oleh Mahasiswa Program Studi Belanda Tingkat Ii Dan Iii Tahun Ajar 2023/2024, Vanya Aprilia, Eliza Gustinelly

Multikultura

Bahasa adalah sistem tanda bunyi yang disepakati untuk dipergunakan oleh para anggota kelompok masyarakat tertentu dalam bekerja sama, berkomunikasi, dan mengidentifikasi diri. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan meluasnya ilmu pengetahuan banyak masyarakat tertarik untuk belajar bahasa asing. Ketika belajar bahasa asing, pelajar diharapkan mampu untuk menguasai berbagai kemampuan dalam berbahasa, seperti gramatika atau tata bahasa. Dalam bahasa Belanda, terdapat unsur tata bahasa yang harus dipelajari, yaitu artikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan artikel dalam bahasa Belanda oleh mahasiswa tingkat dua dan tiga Program Studi Belanda tahun ajar 2023/2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan data yang berasal dari …


Tindak Tutur Memuji Oleh Komentator Bahasa Arab Pada Siaran Final Sepak Bola Piala Dunia 2022, Dhafa Aprilian, Wiwin Triwinarti Jan 2024

Tindak Tutur Memuji Oleh Komentator Bahasa Arab Pada Siaran Final Sepak Bola Piala Dunia 2022, Dhafa Aprilian, Wiwin Triwinarti

Multikultura

Tuturan merupakan wacana yang menonjolkan rangkaian peristiwa dalam serentetan waktu tertentu, bersama dengan partisipan dan keadaan tertentu. Dalam dunia sepak bola, banyak ditemukan tindak tutur memuji yang berkaitan antara komentator sebagai penutur dengan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung. Dalam hal ini, studi pragmatik bahasa Arab akan dilakukan melalui pengkajian sebuah pertandingan sepak bola Final Piala Dunia 2022 antara Argentina versus Prancis. Pada umumnya, pertandingan sepak bola dunia menampilkan komentator dalam bahasa Inggris saja, tetapi dengan diadakannya Piala Dunia 2022 di Qatar, maka siaran Piala Dunia 2022 juga menampilkan komentator dalam bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif metode deskriptif analitis dengan …


Representasi Sejarah Rotterdam Dalam Lirik Lagu ‘Rotterdam’ (2000) Karya Frederique Spigt: Analisis Semiotika, Queen Ngazizatus Fiska, Barbara Elisabeth Lucia Pesulima Jan 2024

Representasi Sejarah Rotterdam Dalam Lirik Lagu ‘Rotterdam’ (2000) Karya Frederique Spigt: Analisis Semiotika, Queen Ngazizatus Fiska, Barbara Elisabeth Lucia Pesulima

Multikultura

Penelitian ini membahas representasi peristiwa sejarah kota Rotterdam dalam lirik lagu “Rotterdam” (2000) karya Frederique Spigt. Lirik lagu tersebut akan dianalisis makna denotatif dan makna konotatifnya menggunakan metode kualitatif, konteks historis dan teori semiotika Roland Barthes. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana karya seni lagu dapat merepresentasikan peristiwa sejarah sebuah kota? adapun pertanyaan penelitiannya bagaimana representasi peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah kota Rotterdam dalam lirik lagu ‘Rotterdam’ karya Frederique? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan makna-makna yang mengandung konteks sejarah kota Rotterdam pada lirik lagu tersebut. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa peristiwa sejarah tidak hanya terdapat pada dokumen-dokumen sejarah, tetapi juga bisa …


Meningkatkan Citra Bangsa Melalui Diplomasi Budaya: Penyelengaraan Piala Dunia Fifa 2022 Di Qatar, Hafshah Nur Izzah, Apipudin Apipudin Jan 2024

Meningkatkan Citra Bangsa Melalui Diplomasi Budaya: Penyelengaraan Piala Dunia Fifa 2022 Di Qatar, Hafshah Nur Izzah, Apipudin Apipudin

Multikultura

Qatar adalah negara yang konservatif, namun berhasil menjadi tuan rumah Piala Dunia FIFA 2022. Qatar memanfaatkan ajang Piala Dunia FIFA 2022 untuk melakukan diplomasi budaya dengan tujuan nation branding dan mengubah stigma negatif yang melekat pada Islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memaparkan tentang unsur-unsur budaya Qatar yang ditransmisi kepada masyarakat internasional pada ajang Piala Dunia FIFA 2022 berdasarkan teori Diplomasi Budaya menurut Milton Curtis Cummings. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan cara mengumpulkan data dari sumber kepustakaan lalu mendeskripsikan hasil interpretasi ke dalam tulisan. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini adalah Qatar mentransmisi aspek bahasa, kesenian, peralatan, dan agama …


Perbudakan Di Rusia Abad Xix Dalam Novel Bednye Ljudi (1846) Karya Fyodor Dostoevsky: Penokohan, Kritik Sosial, Sosiologi Sastra, Febriani Putri Milenia, Banggas Limbong Jan 2024

Perbudakan Di Rusia Abad Xix Dalam Novel Bednye Ljudi (1846) Karya Fyodor Dostoevsky: Penokohan, Kritik Sosial, Sosiologi Sastra, Febriani Putri Milenia, Banggas Limbong

Multikultura

Karya ini mengkaji perilaku perbudakan di Rusia di abad XIX dalam novel Bednye Ljudi (1846) karya Fyodor Dostoevsky. Karya sastra digunakan sebagai media kritik. Novel ini menceritakan fenomena perbudakan pada bobroknya pemerintahan Rusia abad XIX. Penulis berhipotesis bahwa novel ini merupakan media Dostoevsky untuk mengkritik perbudakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana novel Bednye Ljudi (1846) karya Fyodor Dostoevsky berfungsi sebagai kritik sosial yang dibuktikan dengan mendeskripsikan cerita dan menganalisisnya berdasarkan representasi tokoh dan penokohan, kritik sosial, dan sosiologi sastra. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Dostoevsky memberikan kritiknya terhadap perilaku perbudakan di abad XIX yang direpresentasikan melalui perilaku tokoh tuan tanah …


Looking Back From The Periphery; Situating Indonesian Provincial Museums As Cultural Archives In The Late-Colonial To Post-Colonial Era, Adrian Perkasa, Ajeng Ayu Arainikasih Oct 2023

Looking Back From The Periphery; Situating Indonesian Provincial Museums As Cultural Archives In The Late-Colonial To Post-Colonial Era, Adrian Perkasa, Ajeng Ayu Arainikasih

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

Discussions on post-coloniality are often situated either in the centre of the colonizer or colonial metropole or the centre of the former colonized. The local perspective, especially in Indonesia, seems overlooked in existing literature, whereas it could be regarded as the cultural archive of the colonial era to post-independence Indonesia. Edward Said (1994) has said that cultural archives are a storehouse of a particular knowledge and structures of attitude and a reference to and structure of feelings. Gloria Wekker (2016) elaborates on the cultural archive; it has influenced historical cultural configurations as well as current dominant, cherished self-representations and culture. …


Marginalizing Colonial Violence At The Beginning Of The 21st Century The Representation Of Colonial Military Expedition To Banten Of 1808 In The National Museum Of Indonesia, Adieyatna Fajri Oct 2023

Marginalizing Colonial Violence At The Beginning Of The 21st Century The Representation Of Colonial Military Expedition To Banten Of 1808 In The National Museum Of Indonesia, Adieyatna Fajri

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

The article discusses the narrative of colonial violence attached to the objects displayed in the National Museum of Indonesia in Jakarta. Taking the colonial military expedition to Banten in 1808 as a case study, this paper analyses the exhibition to show the interplay between museum as a product of colonialism and its focus on regionalism, its role in post-colonial nation-state-formation promoting national identity building, and the complexities of addressing violence. It argues that, as the museum engages with the discourse of coloniality and concurrently emphasizes national identity building, it inadvertently marginalizes the narrative of colonial violence. The findings show that, …


Shifting The Historical Narrative Of The Banda Islands; From Colonial Violence To Local Resilience, Joëlla Van Donkersgoed Oct 2023

Shifting The Historical Narrative Of The Banda Islands; From Colonial Violence To Local Resilience, Joëlla Van Donkersgoed

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

History is a representation of the past based on (written) knowledge which has been passed on from one generation to the next, with a preference given to written sources from a Eurocentric tradition. However, written sources about (former) colonial territories are a product of the colonial system in which they were produced. Acknowledging the biases in these archives, therefore, opens the way for acceptance of other forms of knowledge which were previously deemed “not objective” in Eurocentric historical disciplines. This paper presents several examples from the Banda Islands in Maluku province in Indonesia to attest that, by placing contemporary perceptions …


Islands, Maps, And Lontara’; Bugis Counter-Mapping On A Nineteenth-Century Map Of Nusantara, Aditya Bayu Perdana, Muhammad Buana Oct 2023

Islands, Maps, And Lontara’; Bugis Counter-Mapping On A Nineteenth-Century Map Of Nusantara, Aditya Bayu Perdana, Muhammad Buana

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

This article focuses on a Bugis nautical chart of Nusantara (the Malay Archipelago) from the early nineteenth century known as the Utrecht Map. There are only a few surviving copies of similar Bugis maps, all confiscated from local “pirates” during the colonial era. While graphical elements of the map undoubtedly point to prototypical European maps, careful analysis of its annotations reveals extensive linguistic modification better to reflect Bugis maritime knowledge. Not only are they completely written in Lontara’, the indigenous script of the Bugis, Euro-centric toponyms from contemporaneous maps are consistently replaced by locally derived toponyms from an oral and …


The Archive Of Faces And The Archive Of Plaster; Reading Anthropological Facial Plaster-Casts Taken From Living Individuals From The Former Netherlands East Indies, Laetitia Lai Oct 2023

The Archive Of Faces And The Archive Of Plaster; Reading Anthropological Facial Plaster-Casts Taken From Living Individuals From The Former Netherlands East Indies, Laetitia Lai

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

This article introduces two interconnected approaches to provenance research on anthropological facial plaster-casts taken from living individuals. It focuses on three series of facial casts taken by Dutch anthropologist Johannes Pieter Kleiweg de Zwaan (1875-1971) in the Netherlands East Indies in 1907 and 1910. It suggests that “reading” the facial casts as an archive of faces and an archive of plaster has the potential to reveal information systematically left out in their object biographies. Through this reading process, the colonial networks of control and power asymmetries which made the plaster-casting possible are examined. It seeks out additional information to bring …


Wim Van Den Doel, "Snouck; Biografi Ilmuwan Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje", Jajat Burhanudin Oct 2023

Wim Van Den Doel, "Snouck; Biografi Ilmuwan Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje", Jajat Burhanudin

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

No abstract provided.


Borobudur Temple And The Megalith Villages Of The Ngadha And Manggarai In The Light Of Indonesia’S Tourist Promotion; A Legacy Of Colonial Representation, Tular Sudarmadi Oct 2023

Borobudur Temple And The Megalith Villages Of The Ngadha And Manggarai In The Light Of Indonesia’S Tourist Promotion; A Legacy Of Colonial Representation, Tular Sudarmadi

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

As a foreign exchange earner for the Indonesian government, the tourism industry has currently prioritized ten tourist destinations. Problematically, this promotion of the beauty and diversity of nature and ethnicty marginalizes and exoticizes a number of ethnic group and their areas. This promotion, which can be traced back to colonial times, still reflects the Dutch colonial legacy, particularly Darwinian social evolution. To clarify this situation, this article illustrates tourism promotion in the historical and socio-cultural contexts of Borobodur in Java and the megalith villages of the Ngadha and Manggarai people of Flores. It investigates the representation and articulation of colonial …


"Gawe Kuta Baluwarti Bata Kalawan Kawis"; Contribution Of Local Knowledge To The Expansion Of The Banten Sultanate On The Nusantara Spice Route, Rismawidiawati Rismawidiawati, Wuri Handoko, Roni Tabroni, Abd. Rahman Hamid, Muh. Subair Oct 2023

"Gawe Kuta Baluwarti Bata Kalawan Kawis"; Contribution Of Local Knowledge To The Expansion Of The Banten Sultanate On The Nusantara Spice Route, Rismawidiawati Rismawidiawati, Wuri Handoko, Roni Tabroni, Abd. Rahman Hamid, Muh. Subair

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

So far, the trade and spice route historiography has focused on social, political, and economic aspects. This discussion is also fragmentarily or is part of another focus. No studies have discussed the relationship between local knowledge practices, spice routes, power networks, and Islamization. However, the spice trade and Islamization are two intersecting events important for their connection with the local culture. This article assumes that there was a local knowledge used as a strategy by the Banten rulers as a response to trade, Islamization, and power networks in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It finds that Sultan Maulana Yusuf’s policy, …


Exemplary Centre And "Terra Incognita"; Excursions, Diplomacy, And Appropriation Of Colonial Knowledge In Belu, Timor, Hans Hägerdal Oct 2023

Exemplary Centre And "Terra Incognita"; Excursions, Diplomacy, And Appropriation Of Colonial Knowledge In Belu, Timor, Hans Hägerdal

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

The article analyses early European knowledge about Belu, a historical region in Central Timor which, although “belonging” mostly to the Dutch colonial sphere, still had a position of cultural-ritual centrality on a Timor-wide level. Before the mid-nineteenth century, the region was, from a Dutch point of view, largely unknown in terms of political hierarchies, social structure, and economic opportunities. However, three officially commissioned authors, A.G. Brouwer, W.L. Rogge, and H.J. Grijzen, wrote extensive reports about Belu in 1849, 1865, and 1904, in which they attempted to understand local society and the opportunities they offered the colonial state. The article explores …


"In Memoriam", Victoria Maria Clara Van Groenendael, Dick Van Der Meij Oct 2023

"In Memoriam", Victoria Maria Clara Van Groenendael, Dick Van Der Meij

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

No abstract provided.


Stuart Robson (Editor And Translator), "Kidung Pañji Margasmara; A Middle Javanese Romance (By Kĕmuling Rat Dyah Atapêng Raje)", Peter Worsley Oct 2023

Stuart Robson (Editor And Translator), "Kidung Pañji Margasmara; A Middle Javanese Romance (By Kĕmuling Rat Dyah Atapêng Raje)", Peter Worsley

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

No abstract provided.


Preface Vol. 24 No. 3, Susi Moeimam Oct 2023

Preface Vol. 24 No. 3, Susi Moeimam

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

No abstract provided.


Introduction Locating Indonesia’S Cultural Archive; Towards Decolonial And Intersectional Histories Of Indonesia, Sadiah Boonstra, Caroline Drieënhuizen Oct 2023

Introduction Locating Indonesia’S Cultural Archive; Towards Decolonial And Intersectional Histories Of Indonesia, Sadiah Boonstra, Caroline Drieënhuizen

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

No abstract provided.


A Personal And Poetic Inquiry Into Dutch Coloniality, Joel E. Berends Oct 2023

A Personal And Poetic Inquiry Into Dutch Coloniality, Joel E. Berends

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

The following personal and poetic inquiry examines Indonesian objects, art, and cultural expressions through the lensing of coloniality (A. Benítez Rojo 1992; A. Quijano and M. Ennis 2000; W.D. Mignolo 2011). The inquiry interacts with the objects, art, and cultural expressions through the creation of ekphrastic poetry – poems which describe works of art. Specifically, this inquiry examines my experiences with Dutch coloniality as a white cisgendered man with a Dutch heritage/inheritance who was born and raised in a predominantly Dutch immigrant community in West Michigan in the United States. Building from the work of Gloria Wekker and given my …


The Role Of Gastronomy In Cultural Politics: Lesson Learned From Italy, Rifki Elindawati, Henny Saptatia Drajati Nugrahani Jul 2023

The Role Of Gastronomy In Cultural Politics: Lesson Learned From Italy, Rifki Elindawati, Henny Saptatia Drajati Nugrahani

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

Cultural politics is one of the efforts used by national governments in promoting culture in various countries to achieve their national interests. Italy tries to implement its cultural politics by seeing gastronomy as a diplomatic tool or gastrodiplomacy. This study attempts to seek answer for two research question, first is how does Italy intensively carry out a gastrodiplomacy as its cultural politics. The theory used in this research is the integral state of Gramsci's Hegemony. The research method that will be used in this paper is a descriptive qualitative research method analysis. Meanwhile, the data collection method used is document …


Animal Motifs On Rock Art In Papua And West Papua, R. Cecep Eka Permana, Zubair Mas'ud Jun 2023

Animal Motifs On Rock Art In Papua And West Papua, R. Cecep Eka Permana, Zubair Mas'ud

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

Most of the rock art in Indonesia is found at prehistoric sites, specifically caves or cliffs in South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, East Kalimantan, Maluku, Papua, and West Papua. Most rock art with animal motifs is mainly located in Papua and West Papua. Therefore, the data in this paper are mostly based on the results of research conducted during the last ten years at rock art sites in Papua Province (with hinterland and mountainous characteristics) and in West Papua Province (with coastal and archipelagic characteristics). An analysis of these animal motifs has demonstrated that lizard and fish motifs dominate rock art …


Preface Vol. 24 No. 2, The Editors Wacana Jun 2023

Preface Vol. 24 No. 2, The Editors Wacana

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

No abstract provided.


Mulyawan Karim (2021), "Di Rumah Panjang; Pergulatan Hidup Dan Cinta Orang Dayak Iban", Dave Lumenta Jun 2023

Mulyawan Karim (2021), "Di Rumah Panjang; Pergulatan Hidup Dan Cinta Orang Dayak Iban", Dave Lumenta

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

This is a book review of Di Rumah Panjang: Pergulatan Hidup dan Cinta Orang Dayak Iban authored by journalist-anthropologist Mulyawan Karim. This is a popularly-written ethnographic account on the Iban of West Kalimantan based on the author's travels in 1993/94 and 2018. As the body of literature on the Iban on the Indonesian side is generally small, this monograph is the first of its kind written in Indonesian. What Mulyawan Karim has achieved in thematically positioning his book is in exploring personal life struggles and even love stories, two important themes of everyday life that are arguably absent from the …


Ivo Castro, Hugo C. Cardoso, Alan Baxter, Alexander Adelaar And Gijs Koster (Eds) (2022), "Livro De Pantuns; Um Manuscrito Asiático Do Museu Nacional De Arqueologia, Lisboa" (Book Of Pantuns; An Asian Manuscript Of The National Museum Of Archeology, Lisbon), Tom G. Hoogervorst Jun 2023

Ivo Castro, Hugo C. Cardoso, Alan Baxter, Alexander Adelaar And Gijs Koster (Eds) (2022), "Livro De Pantuns; Um Manuscrito Asiático Do Museu Nacional De Arqueologia, Lisboa" (Book Of Pantuns; An Asian Manuscript Of The National Museum Of Archeology, Lisbon), Tom G. Hoogervorst

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

No abstract provided.


"Leaderless" Resistance? An Anatomy Of Female Leadership In Orang Asli Grassroots Movements, Ruhana Binti Padzil, Vilashini Somiah Jun 2023

"Leaderless" Resistance? An Anatomy Of Female Leadership In Orang Asli Grassroots Movements, Ruhana Binti Padzil, Vilashini Somiah

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

This article unpacks community-level female leadership among Malaysia’s indigenous Orang Asli community. The power dynamics of this community’s relationship with state institutions have been uneven. Critics accuse the authorities of infantilizing the community, through gendered and patriarchal behaviour (for example, male government officers only interact with male heads of communities). Based on the fieldwork including seven interviews with female and male Orang Asli grassroots leaders of an independent, pro-indigenous movement – one which is apparently “leaderless” in terms of its organizational structure – we show how they challenge the abovementioned attitudes through neo-empowerment and agentic efforts, through collective narratives of …


"Bale Desa"; Preservation Of Cultural Values And Women’S Leadership In Tengger, East Java, Indonesia, Sony Sukmawan, Elvin Nuril Firdaus, Lestari Setyowati Jun 2023

"Bale Desa"; Preservation Of Cultural Values And Women’S Leadership In Tengger, East Java, Indonesia, Sony Sukmawan, Elvin Nuril Firdaus, Lestari Setyowati

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

Indonesian bale desa (village halls) are traditionally seen as public service centres for rural communities. For the people living in Tengger, East Java, Indonesia, village halls play a dual role as public service centres and venues where villagers observe and preserve age-old customs in which women’s leadership is of paramount importance. This study aims to identify the local values related to women’s hard work and adroitness in maintaining the continuity of customs and tradition, and analyse the way Tengger women exercise their leadership in village halls and the contributions they make to the preservation of local culture. This research uses …


"Mama Lima"; The Significance Of Women’S Role In Protecting Nature, Nurture, And Culture In Banda Islands, Muhammad Farid, Juul Sadée Jun 2023

"Mama Lima"; The Significance Of Women’S Role In Protecting Nature, Nurture, And Culture In Banda Islands, Muhammad Farid, Juul Sadée

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

The historiography of Banda has paid little attention to the existence of women. Stories involving women are mainly about romance, family, and suffering. In reality, the existence of “Mama Lima” (groups of five women) is very strong in the Banda tradition (adat). They are the carriers of knowledge and tradition, a consequence of matriarchy. They determine the content and implementation of adat ceremonies like Buka kampong, forming the set of social norms and customary law of the community. Mama Lima groups are a living example of women throughout the ages who have played a significant …