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Articles 61 - 90 of 570
Full-Text Articles in Medieval Studies
Remembering The Lady Representations Of Abigail Adams In The Women’S Rights Movement, Allison Haack
Remembering The Lady Representations Of Abigail Adams In The Women’S Rights Movement, Allison Haack
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
In November 1975, Redbook, a women’s magazine, included a “call to action” issued to women of the United States. This call was set forth both in response to the bicentennial celebration of the Declaration of Independence as well the UN National Women’s Year. In it, over fifty organizations came together to lay out an eleven-step plan to achieve greater political equality between the sexes—namely, the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. To introduce this call to action, Bess Myers, the author, shared several anecdotes about Abigail Adams, including Adams’ charge that her husband “remember the ladies” when he went off …
“To Inherit God Himself?” The Metaphysical Transformation Of Man As Theorized In Cotton Mather’S Biblia Americana, Michael Green
“To Inherit God Himself?” The Metaphysical Transformation Of Man As Theorized In Cotton Mather’S Biblia Americana, Michael Green
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
The tumult of the Enlightenment was enormous, not least in its impact on theologians of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Biblical exegesis (explanation of a scriptural text based on its own historical and cultural circumstances) of the Reformation that idealized interpretations grounded in unerring prophetic figures were suddenly and forcefully subjected to the tide of historical literalism propagated by major intellectual figures such as Hugo Grotius and Baruch Spinoza. They and their cohort believed that the Bible should be treated as a historical source and its merits scrutinized based on its literal accuracy
The Incomplete Conquest Of Spanish Guinea 1471-1910, Pual Guajardo
The Incomplete Conquest Of Spanish Guinea 1471-1910, Pual Guajardo
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
Mary Henrietta Kingsley, the famous early female explorer of Africa, once remarked that an appointment to the Equatoguinean island of Fernando Po was “equivalent to execution, only more uncomfortable.”1 Similarly, historian Randall Fegley remarked that Port Clarence, which became the capital of Equatorial Guinea, was known as “death’s waiting room.”2 When we think of the Spanish Empire, we usually envision the empire that decimated the Aztecs and the Incas, not a regime that failed to conquer and colonize an island one-fifth the size of Hawaii. Yet, for more than 400 years, the small indigenous community of Fernando Po quietly defied …
Whistleblowers: A Maya Narration On The Participation Of The Dead In The Cycle Of Life And Death, Emma Belnap
Whistleblowers: A Maya Narration On The Participation Of The Dead In The Cycle Of Life And Death, Emma Belnap
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
There is a common saying in modern American culture inspired by opera and the drudgery with which people view it. As the maxim goes, “It is not over until the fat lady sings.” If the Maya were to have their own variation on that saying, it may perhaps go, “Life is not over until the whistle is in the grave.” At burial sites on Jaina Island, an island near Campeche, Mexico rich with Maya history, hundreds of sculpted whistles have been found in graves, depicting various gods, animals, and humans.1 These objects give invaluable insight into the beliefs and practices …
Editor's Note, Cope Makechnie-Hardy
Editor's Note, Cope Makechnie-Hardy
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
The medieval historian William of Malmesbury wrote that the legendary King Arthur was “worthily deserving to be celebrated, not by idle fictions, but by authentic history.”1
Front Matter
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
Theological Rituals Of Death: An Archaeological Case Study Of A Thirteenth Century Christian Burial Site, Makayla J. Bowman
Theological Rituals Of Death: An Archaeological Case Study Of A Thirteenth Century Christian Burial Site, Makayla J. Bowman
Research and Creativity Symposium
This study examines the theological principles reflected in the burial practices of El Corral de los Condes, a thirteenth-century cemetery associated with the Knights of Calatrava at Zorita de los Canes, Spain. Founded during the Crusades, the Knights combined monastic vows with military service, emphasizing poverty, chastity, and obedience. Archaeological evidence from El Corral de los Condes reveals burials devoid of grave goods, consistent with Christian ideals of renouncing earthly possessions at death, as exemplified in Athanasius’ Life of Antony. The orientation of burials along an East/West axis, with heads facing east, aligns with early Christian eschatology, symbolizing the …
Antiphons Of Iron And Blood: The Inspirations Of Tolkien's Poetry, Patrick J. Lyon
Antiphons Of Iron And Blood: The Inspirations Of Tolkien's Poetry, Patrick J. Lyon
Journal of Tolkien Research
The new book, The Collected Poems of J.R.R. Tolkien, edited by Christina Scull and Wayne Hammond, is a fascinating new look into a trove of previously unpublished Tolkien poetry. One of these new poems, “Ferrum et Sanguis,” includes an interesting series of addenda and subtitles written by Tolkien that give insight into the origins and inspirations for the poem. Furthermore, the interpretation given by the editors in their commentary on the poem misses the specific reference and applies it to a different source. The real source for the poem is very likely found in the Advent Vespers of the …
Poor Little Woman And Sybil Of The Rhine: Code Switching In Hildegard Of Bingen’S Writing, Bridgett Meskis
Poor Little Woman And Sybil Of The Rhine: Code Switching In Hildegard Of Bingen’S Writing, Bridgett Meskis
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
Hildegard of Bingen (1098- 1179) was a twelfth century German Benedictine abbess, mystic, author, composer, and theologian. Despite the heavily patriarchal and restrictive culture of her day, Hildegard managed to gain autonomy and authority within her community. She benefited from a boom in popularity in the mid-1990s, which saw a broadening of research subjects, including focus on the gender dynamics at play in Hildegard’s life. This scholarship has died down significantly since. Given the breadth and depth of her work, Hildegard of Bingen’s work deserves to be revisited through more recent theoretical lenses that can provide significant insights into her …
Full Issue
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
Scientists As Citizens: The Role Of The Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists In The Postwar Era, 1945-1949, Elizabeth Baker Given
Scientists As Citizens: The Role Of The Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists In The Postwar Era, 1945-1949, Elizabeth Baker Given
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
In mid-August 1945 the dropping of the uranium and plutonium bombs devastated the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing Japanese leaders to surrender to the United States. World War II had finally come to a close. However, the manner in which the war ended also marked the beginning of a new age. The detonation of the atomic bomb prompted unprecedented challenges in controlling the destructive weapon. Manhattan Project scientists, who had created the bomb in the midst of wartime secrecy and understood its grave dangers, were deeply concerned about the future of their brainchild. In a world that had been …
The Coronation Of An Historic Process: Franco And Spanish History, 1937-1947, Patrick Moran
The Coronation Of An Historic Process: Franco And Spanish History, 1937-1947, Patrick Moran
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
History is not a whim, Francisco Franco declared to a youth group in January 1945. "It was not chance that many centuries before other nations Spain had forged its nationality and obtained its personality, nor that the undertakings of its sons had amazed the world with their heroic deeds." Six years had not yet passed since the end of the Spanish Civil War. World War II was drawing to a close, Spain faced an uncertain diplomatic and political future as one of the last of Europe's ultra-rightist political regimes, and the Spanish dictator was choosing to open his speech to …
Examining The Early Influences On England's First Female M.D.: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, Audra Bollard
Examining The Early Influences On England's First Female M.D.: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, Audra Bollard
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
In 1859 Elizabeth Garrett Anderson returned home from a short vacation. At this time she made an announcement so shocking her mother cried for days in humiliation and her father declared it disgusting; she had simply informed them she was going to be a doctor. Victorian women of the upper-middle class were expected to prepare for domestic lives as wives and mothers. In mid-nineteenth century England, professional careers were unheard of for females. Although the British-born Elizabeth Blackwell had become the first female to earn an M. D. in America, where she set up a practice, measures were quickly taken …
Glasnost, Perestroika And Big Mac's: The Significance Of Mcdonald's In The Changing Face Of The Ussr, Theresa Bartholomew
Glasnost, Perestroika And Big Mac's: The Significance Of Mcdonald's In The Changing Face Of The Ussr, Theresa Bartholomew
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
Early on the morning of 30 January 1990, George Cohon, president of McDonald'sCanada, left his hotel room and drove to Pushkin Square in Moscow. Nervous about the international press that would be covering the opening of the first McDonald's in this nation and anxious to make the opening perfect, he arrived to see the streets empty in front of the fast-food restaurant except for a lone policeman. Wondering where the anticipated crowds of Muscovites were, Cohon approached the officer, concerned by the apparent lack of interest in the first McDonald's opening in the Soviet Union. After a short conversation with …
Re-Defining Thainess: Negative Identification During The Franco-Thai Border Conflict, Shane Strate
Re-Defining Thainess: Negative Identification During The Franco-Thai Border Conflict, Shane Strate
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
On the night of 15 October 1940 over three thousand university students and city residents marched, torches in hand, through the streets of Bangkok to protest the latest incident in the long-standing border dispute with France. Local newspapers had organized the demonstration and a few journalists accompanied the demonstrators, standing in the back of trucks and making speeches designed to incite the crowd. The march was part of a newspaper campaign to convince the government to deliver an ultimatum to French Indochina: either return territories formerly belonging to Siam or face military retaliation. Among the banners carried by the students …
Preface, Rachel Cope
Preface, Rachel Cope
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
This year the production of The Thetean has undergone significant changes. For the first time we have obtained our own equipment and are solely responsible for the publication of the journal. Although exciting, producing this work has also been a long and often cumbersome process; if things could go awry, they did! Yet despite the difficulties encountered, we have met our goals and will always remember the moments of cooperation and success we shared.
Front Matter
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
Full Issue
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
A Rifle Totin' Cartoonist: In Memory Of Bill Mauldin, 1921-2003, Casey Sullivan
A Rifle Totin' Cartoonist: In Memory Of Bill Mauldin, 1921-2003, Casey Sullivan
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
In late 2002, Jay Gruenfeld, a veteran of the Pacific Theater of World War II, set out on a mission to give comfort to a man who unknowingly had done the same for him many years before. During the war, Gruenfeld was an infantryman in the Philippines. In the ensuing battles, his squad was decimated with close to one hundred percent American casualties. Gruenfeld was injured and sent to a hospital to recover, where he felt alone. While there, his father sent him a copy of Up Front, a collection of cartoons by Bill Mauldin. This was the first contact …
"La Tierra No Prometida" The Jewish Colonization Association's Venture In Argentina, Jeffery Richey
"La Tierra No Prometida" The Jewish Colonization Association's Venture In Argentina, Jeffery Richey
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
During the last two decades of the nineteenth century, the Jewish Colonization Association undertook the most ambitious agricultural project in Jewish history. The aims of the JCA project were simple and staggering: the relocation of millions of Russian Jews to the Argentine countryside, to be effected over the course of twenty-five years. Adjudged by its own epic ambitions, the colonization effort was an epic failure. Not only did it fail in its stated intentions (the transplantation of millions of Jews), but the colonization venture also failed to provide the thousands of Jewish colonists with self-sufficiency and social well-being, the pursuit …
The Myth Of An Easy Passage To The Far East, Brenden Rensink
The Myth Of An Easy Passage To The Far East, Brenden Rensink
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
The tales of North American exploration and westward expansion have often been painted in tones of manifest destiny, heroic bravery, and divine providence. While such portrayals surely prove insightful in some cases, they do not paint the whole picture. A more accurate depiction of American exploration would include the driving forces of economic gain, naive optimism, overeagerness, and the hasty acceptance of geographical misinformation. The strength of these motives and forces was so strong that for centuries adventurers continued to explore the continent despite constant disappointment and financial loss. In particular, the closely related myths of the Strait of Anian …
A Tale Of Desire And Deceit, Dallas Peterson
A Tale Of Desire And Deceit, Dallas Peterson
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
This essay is a narrative account of the rebellion of An Lushan and the death of Precious Consort Yang, drawn primarily from a section of Sirna Guang's Zizhi tongjian, translated by Paul W. Kroll in "The Flight from the Capital and the Death of Precious Consort Yang," Tang Studies, no. 3 (Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 1985). This narrative also utilizes one of the two biographies of An Lushan: Howard S. Le,y, trans., The Biography of An Lushan (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1960). With these two primary sources and a few key secondary sources I have …
Changing Of The Guard In Imperial Ideology Clement Attlee Vs. Winston Churchill, Charles C. Olson
Changing Of The Guard In Imperial Ideology Clement Attlee Vs. Winston Churchill, Charles C. Olson
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
On 2 February 1927, the young Labour Representative and future Prime Minister Clement Attlee found himself, much to his own surprise, on the shores of Bombay, sent to find solutions to a problem he later termed "virtually insoluble. " His ship arrived to a confused reception of both noisy protesters, waving banners of "Go Back," juxtaposed by a welcoming rain of flowers and leaves by supporters of the visit.' These polar reactions to perceived British intent in India during the late 1920s no doubt showed Attlee the energy of the debate surrounding Indian independence, which only intensified through the coming …
The Time Of Troubles Causation, Class Warfare, And Conflicting Interpretations, Jeffrey S. Hardy
The Time Of Troubles Causation, Class Warfare, And Conflicting Interpretations, Jeffrey S. Hardy
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
The end of a dynasty in medieval or early modern Europe was often followed by a calamitous period of conspiracy and revolt, intrigue and bloodshed. Such was the case in Russia from 1598 to 1613, the period later called the Time of Troubles. Few epochs still weigh on the collective conscience of the Russian people as does the Time of Troubles. Fears associated with this period remain to this day, as evidenced by the frequent references to it after the fall of the Soviet regime. But the Time of Troubles has not always been well understood. The chroniclers and revisionists …
"Watchman Over The Gate" Fort Snelling' S Role In Transforming Minnesota From Territory To State, 1819-1858, Nicholas Gentile
"Watchman Over The Gate" Fort Snelling' S Role In Transforming Minnesota From Territory To State, 1819-1858, Nicholas Gentile
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
For nearly a century, scholars of Minnesota's history have told the story of Fort Snelling and its causal relationship with the expansion of Minnesota from a territory to a state. In 1918, Marcus L. Hansen wrote an important monograph on the outpost, entitled Old Fort Snelling: 1819-1858. His claims focused on the protection and opportunities for social interaction provided by the fort during the period of its use as the northwesternmost garrison of America's frontier defense program. Hansen's thorough work stood as an unapproachable milestone in the literature on the post for almost half a century. Evan Jones wrote the …
Freedom: The Temporary Gift Of Christmas, Suzy Bills
Freedom: The Temporary Gift Of Christmas, Suzy Bills
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
In Solomon Northup's account of his years as a slave, he described "the happiest day in the whole year for the slave. . . . Happiness sparkled in the eyes and overspread the countenances of all." What was the day that caused so much delight for slaves, and what were the reasons for this joy? It was Christmas Day and, more broadly, the larger Christmas holiday that often lasted many days. Northup continued to explain that these feelings resulted because "it was to be a day of liberty among the children of Slavery. Wherefore they were happy and rejoiced." In …
"This Medley Of Religions" The Origins Of America's Free Religious Market On The Colonial Frontier, Frank K. Lambert
"This Medley Of Religions" The Origins Of America's Free Religious Market On The Colonial Frontier, Frank K. Lambert
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
According to historians of modern revolutions, the American Revolution was hardly revolutionary. Merely a constitutional quarrel, they say, pointing out that the split with Britain left existing social and economic structures largely undisturbed. Surely any revolution deserving the name would have, at minimum, eliminated chattel slavery, the very antithesis of liberty and independence. Yet slavery remained and even flourished in the new republic. There was one accomplishment, however, that even the harshest critics agree was truly revolutionary: America's constitutional ban on religious establishment and guarantee of free exercise to all. Throughout the Old World, state religions and political regimes acted …
Preface, Julie Harris
Preface, Julie Harris
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
Historian Charles Beard aptly described writing history as an "act of faith." In preparing the following articles, each author has selected facts and chosen frameworks to describe their topics with the hope that we all can better understand some aspect of the movement of history. The Beta Iota Chapter of Phi Alpha Theta, an international honors society of history, has also acted on the faith in ilie quality of its members by entrusting a small group of students, mostly undergraduates, to produce the 2004 volume of the Thetean. We as a staff hope that our final selection of articles, …
Front Matter
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
Full Issue
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.