Latin American Languages and Societies Commons^™

Identity Politics In Search Of Community-Based Development: A Case Study Of The Indigenous Movement In Costa Rica, Susanna Francesca Schaller

Latin American Studies ETDs

Since the early 1980's the Indigenous Movement in Costa Rica has made extraordinary strides toward resolving its demands for political, economic and cultural autonomy. The leadership that has emerged at the forefront of the Movement has been adept at recognizing political opportunities and at utilizing the national and international system in order to build a national movement that maintains its base within the local and regional setting.

This thesis examines the processes by which the Indigenous Movement has begun to transform the inequitable political, social and economic relations that have historically marginalized and oppressed indigenous peoples. The Movement represents an …

Excavating Mexican American Voices In California History: The California Testimonials, Michelle E. Morton

Latin American Studies ETDs

In the 1870s, a series of interviews were taken of Hispanic native Californians, or Californios as they call themselves, by the assistants of Anglo American historian Hubert Howe Bancroft. Many of these interviews, or testimonials as they are commonly referred to, have never been published in their entirety and have received little scholarly attention. This thesis focuses on Hispanic women in particular, the Californias, and the insight they provide into the day to day life of early Spanish, Mexican and American California.

After the Mexican-American War of 1846 many Californio families lost their properties to American settlers. Throughout the …

Personajes Femeninos En Veinticinco Comedias De Luis Velez De Guevara, Hilma Maria Espinosa

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

A study of the feminine characters in twenty-five plays by Luis Vélez de Guevara, taken from three general categories of the Spencer and Shevill listing: sixteen "comedias novelescas," seven "histórico-novelescas," and two "comedias divinas."

Each play studied is provided with a short historical bibliography, a brief summary of the plot and the analysis of its feminine characters.

By means of this character, an attempt is made to determine Vélez's special perception and sensibility with regard to the feminine generally and to the treatment of women in a society that the Spanish theater of the Golden Age to some extent reflects. …

A Criação Ficcional De Almeida Faria, Pedro Carlos Louzada Fonseca

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

This study of the author's work -- A Paixão (1965), Cotes (1978), and Lusitânia (1980) -- is a theoretical and critical approach to his artistry within this problematic situation. It is informed by the theory of archetypal symbolism (Northrop Frye and Mircea Eliade), considered here as the manner of pragmatic signification in a referential context. Consequently, the poetic images are referred to their semantic association with ideological aspects of Portuguese reality. The narrative structures of this relationship are a product of both tragic and comic modes as well as the dialectical relationship of these two genre types as conditioned by …

Gilka Machado And Adelia Prado:Two Brazilian Women Poets' Vision Of The Female Experience, Joyce Anne Carlson-Leavitt

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

This study is a feminist analysis of Adélia Prado and Gilka Machado's use of imagery and themes to express their female point of view.

The work of these two poets resembles that of many contemporary English-speaking women poets. They draw spiritual and creative nourishment either from identification with nature or association with a community of women. They associate the spiritual with the mundane and the erotic, and each one enjoys her own body and its sensuality. They rework traditional myths into positive, empowering images for women. Like their feminist counterparts in the English-speaking world, both poets empower women by their …

Silver Mining And Social Conflict In Seventeenth-Century Peru: The War Of The Nations In Laicacota, 1665-1667, Meredith Dunham Dodge

Latin American Studies ETDs

In the mid-seventeenth century, there occurred in Laicacota, site of a rich silver strike in the Viceroyalty of Peru, a wave of social conflict. The violence arose from traditional peninsular regional animosities, known as the war of the nations, and pitted Basques against Andalusians, who were led by Gaspar de Salcedo. The unrest was exacerbated by Salcedo's drive to make access to the mines an Andalusian monopoly.

The Santiesteban administration was unable to halt the conflict, which it inadvertently encouraged by the appointment of a corregidor sympathetic to the Basques, Angelo de Peredo. After Santiesteban's death, violence increased. The Andalusians, …

The Argentine Historical Novel: Trajectory And Panorama, Garth Muirbrook Hansen

Latin American Studies ETDs

This study is an initial survey of the Argentine historical novel (1840-1970). Although Argentina has a rich literary tradition, no previous analysis has considered the trajectory and persistence of such fiction throughout a century and a half of multiple literary influences and changing tastes. The human experience recreated through historical research is as legitimate a matter for literary treatment as that observed first hand by an author and not only provided the form for Argentina's first novels but has proved to be a favorite genre with both readers and writers. The characteristics of historical fiction are identified through an examination …

El Impulso Dramatico En La Poesia De Miguel Hernandez, Reynaldo Ruiz

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Miguel Hernandez lived through Spain's most turbulent and violent years -the Civil War 1936-1939. The factors that contributed to Hernandez' view of the world were his individualism, political convictions, and experiences with the war. This view is transmitted through an energetic poetic voice. Such expression is considered by many as traditional poetry which is highly political; nevertheless, in his poetic world there is a unique mode of expression.

The purpose of this study is to examine Hernandez' forceful poetry which appears very dramatic in nature. It is the intent of this study to analyze and indicate the outstanding characteristics that …

A Critical Edition Of El Libro De Alexandre, Madelaine Aerni Ryland

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The Libro de Alexandre is a thirteenth-century Spanish epic poem of the life and conquests of Alexander the Great of Macedonia. It is composed of slightly over 2,600 stanzas written in cuaderna vía. Two scholars have presented previous editions of the Paris manuscript of the poem in an attempt to make it available to students of mediaeval Spanish language and literature. Their editions, however, present the text in isolation and students must possess sophisticated knowledge of mediaeval Spanish in order to understand the complexities of the poem.

This edition attempts to provide an integrated version, one in which all …

Theory In Fidelino De Figueiredo's Literary Criticism And Literary History: His Place In The Theoretical Continuum, Terrance Joseph Murphy

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

In the twentieth century, scholars have written about the theory and practice of literary criticism more than at any time in the past. Luso-Brazilian, particularly Brazilian, literary criticism has bene­fitted from this surge of interest. As in any pioneer endeavor, the most general tasks have been undertaken first. The result has been a hazy notion of individual contributions by scholars in that area. In this dissertation I assume the charge of addressing the heretofore undeveloped assessment of Fidelino de Figueiredo's principal contribu­tions to Luso-Brazilian literary theory.

The Introduction and first chapter provide an evaluation of Figueiredo's personal experiences and philosophical …

The Numantian Theme In Spanish Literature, Jason M. Rogers-Rodriguez

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Numantia, after years of heroic resistance, fell to the Roman legions in 133 B.C. The conquest of Numantia was so costly that it played an important role in the internal politics of Rome and thus it was singled out and received the attention of the Greek and Roman historians who recorded and analyzed the conquest and colonization of Iberia.

Centuries later, when Spain had developed a sense of national unity, the Hispanic chroniclers found in the history of Numantia an authenticated record of Iberian will to resist foreign domination and evidence of a courageous and virtuous national character. The Hispanic …

Myth And Reality In Hijo De Hombre, A Novel By Augusto Roa Bastos, David R. Gifford

Foreign Languages & Literatures ETDs

The essence of Paraguayan reality, cloaked in myths since the days of the Conquest, is an enigma which, for the most part, has been elusive to the writer's pen. There is, however, one man, Augusto Roa Bastos, who has succeeded masterfully in capturing that essence and who has done so precisely through the revelation of both Paraguay's myths and her reality. His work is the highly complex narrative Hijo de hombre, winner in 1959 of the esteemed Losada prize in Buenos Aires.

The success of Roa's novel stems from a deeply felt commit­ment to his fellow Paraguayans against man's …

Fictional Treatment Of Politics By Argentine Female Novelists, Bradley M. Class

Latin American Studies ETDs

Between the ouster of Colonel Juan Domingo Perón from the Presidency of Argentina in September 1955 and his return to power in the Fall of 1973, Argentine women began to write political novels, a new phenomenon in the Argentine literary scene, since few, if any, novels had been created by female novelists prior to 1955. The basic goals of this study are to determine what type(s) of politics these writers possess and to evaluate how they interpret their political ambience through their literary craft. After two historical chapters describing political events from World War I to 1970 and their general …

The Romance Of Flamenca, John Leonard Ryan

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The Romance of Flamenca is one of the finer though lesser known works of mediaeval literature. In order to bring this thirteenth century masterpiece before a larger literary audience, several scholars have published translations of it in French and in English. An Old Provençal text without a modern translation has not appeared since 1901.

For those American students wishing to read Flamenca in Old Provençal, the scarcity of an available text is further hampered by the lack of an up to date Old Provençal grammar written in English and of an Old Provençal English dictionary. These deficiencies are minimized in …

Agrarian Reform And The Modernization Of Agriculture In Latin America: A Study Of The Mid-Twentieth Century Agrarian Reform Programs In Mexico, Bolivia, Cuba, Venezuela, Chile And Peru, Andrew J. Hogan

Latin American Studies ETDs

After discussing the issues of large-farming units vs. small farming units, labor-intensive vs. mechanized agriculture, the Green Revolution and its effects on, employment and food consumption, the author sets forth a "theory" of agrarian reform. Agrarian reform programs in Latin America are implemented after a specific set of his­torical circumstances and in response to a particular set of economic and political pressures. The 'historical process consists of the follow­ing steps: the disequilibrating event, the precursor legislation, the reaction, the reform period. Upon entering the last stage (the reform period), the political system typically falls into the hands of an emerging, …

Synchrony, Amalgam And Communion: Erico Verissimo's O Tempo E O Vento As Symbolic Complex, Louis L. Ollivier Jr.

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Erico Verissimo's O Tempo e o Vento has long been considered his masterpiece more, it would seem, by dint of its quantity than its quality, since relatively little research has been done on this novel. The attitudes reflected in O Tempo e o Vento concerning the relationship of time and space and man's affiliation thereto have been previously ignored and only through a structuralist analysis of this novel have these determinations been discovered.

The structuralist approach comprises certain inherent assumptions of an a priori system of knowledge. One assumption is reflected in the structure of language which presupposes for all …

The Poetry Of DáMaso Alonso: A Formalist Approach, Douglas Keith Benson

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Dámaso Alonso is one of the most important literary critics in contemporary Spain. He is less well known as a poet. Critics usually include him in the so-called "Generation of 1927, 11 although there are many differences between his work and that of Lorca, Guillén, Salinas, Alberti, Aleixandre, Cernuda and Diego. Many critics misunderstand the techniques and goals of Alonso's early poetry for the same reasons that they misunder­stand the goals of the "Generation of 1927." This poetry is considered "pure," "dehumanized" and "lacking in content" in comparison to the "human, 11 flsocial11 nature of postwar poetry. A large percentage …

Sacred-Secular Complementarity In Al Filo Del Agua And Pedro Paramo: An Inquiry Into Mythmaking, Floyd F. Merrell

Latin American Studies ETDs

Structuralism is the methodological approach employed in this study of two contemporary Mexican novels. The technique, including logico-mathematical relationships, schemata, and terminology, consists generally of an adaptation of Claude Lévi-Strauss' structural studies in anthropology and particularly in his interpretation of myth. The "deep-structure-surface-structure" dichotomization, a fundamental methodological premise we have adopted, is from Noam Chomsky by way of Ferdinand de Saussure's theory of linguistics. And the notion of "equilibrium," a dynamic interplay allowing for a genetic, developmental approach to structuralism, has been borrowed from the psychologist Jean Piaget.

Our initial objective was to formulate eclectically a method of structural analysis. …

Gabriel Celaya: Peregrinación Metafísica A Traves De Su Prosa, Frank Everette Rosemond

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Through his prose Gabriel Celaya expounds his very personal philosophy that lies within his entire literary production. Called "the social poet" whose verses pretend to tell "things as they are," this author, rooted in the intellectual tradition, is considered one of the outstanding spokesmen of the so-called "Here and Now."

The social aspect of his work has its roots in a dialectic that stems from the ideas of Nietzsche, the "be-with" of Heidegger, and a profound knowledge of the Oriental world. All of this provides the author with a personal vitalism that comes to the surface in his writings as …

The Short Stories Of Benito Perez Galdós, Walter Carl Oliver

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the first thorough and systematic study of Galdós cuentos, to discover and describe their nature, to relate them to his total work and to suggest what they reveal about the artist and his development. Each story's literary elements are identified and discussed in terms of their function within the organic whole. The elements considered are the use of costumbrismo, dominant orientation, humor, language, literary resonance, lyricism, point of view, structure and symbolism. Chapter l reviews the major critics and outlines the general characteristics of Galdós' artistry that are related to the ·short …

Jorge Icaza Y Su CreacióN Literaria, Jorge Neptalí AlarcóN

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

Ecuador is known in the world of letters for more than one writer of continental renown, among them being José Joaquín Olmedo, Juan León Mera, Juan Montalvo, Jorge Carrera Andrade, Alfredo Pareja Diez-Canseco, and Jorge Icaza. Critics, in general, have rated the last as the greatest of the indigenist writers of Ecuador as well as one of the most outstanding novelists of the Indian theme in all of Hispanic America. Nevertheless, the literary activity of this Ecuadorian writer is not restricted exclusively to the novel as a genre, nor to the Indian as theme. Theater, short story and novel constitute …

The Supernatural In Modernist Fiction, Howard Michael Fraser

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

This study will examine various aspects of the supernatural as it appears in the short stories of Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera, Rubén Darío, and Leopoldo Lugones. It is believed that an appreciation of the techniques of fantastic exploration in the fiction of these writers will clarify the late nineteenth-century "crisis in beliefs" and cult of artistic spiritualism which in part characterized the Modernist aesthetic. In Chapter One appear the theoretical bases for the supernatural phenomena observed. Animism, a kind of primitive mysticism, seems to underly the Modernists’ view of the universe. Following Animism, Sympathetic Magic is examined. As any "Practice" is …

El Periodismo Paraguayo Y Su Actitud Frente A La Guerra De La Triple Alianza Y Francisco Solano LóPez., Gladis Fois Maresma

Latin American Studies ETDs

La Guerra de la Triple Alianza contra el Paraguay provocó desde sus comienzos apasionadas controversias. Hoy, no obstante el tiempo transcurrido, continúa siendo tema de interés para los estudiosos y quizás el análisis de la misma está aún lejos de_ser completamente agotado. La mayor parte de los trabajos realizados son de carácter general y con pocas excepciones todos ellos tienden a hacer resaltar ciertas facetas y sobre todo, ciertos personajes centrales con el fin de llenar un interés puramente nacional o polemico.

An Ethnolinguistic Study Of West African Influences On Bahain Portuguese, William W. Megenney

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

The problem of African influence in Brazil centers around the city of Salvador da Bahia. It was here that the largest nucleus of slaves imported from western Africa existed. Today the city remains the center of ethnic activities originating from western Africa, and therefore Bahia is the focal point where inquiries concerning Brazil's African heritage should be initiated.

In the libraries and public archives background mater­ials were collected dealing with past studies in Afro-­Brazilian ethnolinguistics. An analysis of these previous studies provided insights into both speculative and scientific methods of investigation. The works served to relate con-temporary social and ethnolinguistic …

The Argentine Labor Movement In Comparative And Historical Perspective, Robert F. Robinson

Latin American Studies ETDs

The political alienation of peronism has been a major obstacle to social integration in Argentina since 1955. This paper traces the historical causes of that conflict and offers a comparison of the growth of peronism with the political development of labor in three modern integrated societies, England, Russia, and the United States. The politicization of labor is viewed as one universal consequence of the industrialization process. In each of these societies the political drive of labor was met with both public and private opposition, making it for a time an alienated political interest group in the society. Each country witnessed …

The Impact Of Highland Migrations On The Socio-Spatial Residential Structure Of Lima, Peru From The 1930'S To The Present, David E. Stinson

Latin American Studies ETDs

In Peru, as in most other South American countries, intensified internal migration—an important but largely unstudied aspect of population dynamics—has stimulated the population growth of one inordinately large city. Metropolitan Lima, Peru’s “primate” city, has increased greatly in size since the 1930’s, and a considerable proportion of this increment is attributable to the absorption of internal migrants coming mostly from the highlands. Within the migrant stream settling in Lima, this distinguishable highland component significantly has affected the city’s residential structure. Existing data do not allow a precise quantitative description of highland migrants entering Lima. Moreover, the terms “highlander” or “serrano” …

The Fall Of PeróN, Earl D. Souligny

Latin American Studies ETDs

The revolt which overthrew Perón exceeded the scope of an ordinary military coup so common in Latin America; it brought an end to an important era in Argentine history. Perón’s government had, for the first time in Argentine history, attempted to give to the masses the social legislation which had become common in the more developed countries. He had based his government on the country's military, religious, and labor institutions. Of these three, Perón succeeded in alienating the first two and had serious disagreements with the latter. By aiding and cooperating with the opposition, the Church and military influentially precipitated …

The Christian Democratic Movement In Nicaragua, Thomas W. Walker

Latin American Studies ETDs

The major concern of the present report is the Christian Democratic movement in Nicaragua. For this reason, this paper treats such matters as Nicaraguan Christian Democratic ideology, history, and leadership, and the nature and function of the autonomous “Christian” interest-articulating organizations. The principal conclusions made in this study fall into two categories: (1) the future of the Christian Democratic movement in Nicaragua and (2) the significance and implications of the Nicaraguan case in relation to Latin American Christian Democracy in general. As regards the former, it appears that the Christian Democratic movement has become a permanent element in Nicaraguan politics. …

Economic Integration As A Tool Of Development In Central America., Walter John Phair

Latin American Studies ETDs

The underlying purpose of this paper is to analyze economic integration as & tool of development in Central America. To do so, it will be necessary to investigate not only the past performance of the Common Market and the chief problems presently being faced, but the prospects for future development as well. Attention will be focused primarily on the post-1960 period despite the fact that the movement toward union began in the early 1950 1 s. The reason for this is that 1960 marked the beginning of what might be called the "accelerated phase" of the region's integration. It was …

Reader's Guide To The Poetry Of JuliáN Del Casal, Esther Kay Whitt Nelson

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

It has been my purpose in this guide to make the literary world of the Cuban Modernist Julian del Casal more accessible to readers and thereby render more pleasurable and comprehensible his poetry: to this end I have attempted to identify all persons, places, and literary references in his poetical works. I have also included a brief synopsis of each poem and its metrical form. The Introduction has been provided to give the reader a general description of the poet's work and life in order to illuminate those subjective elements that might otherwise prove obscure. In the guide itself, each …