United States History Commons^™

Someone’S Best Friend: Caddo And The Dìitsi’, Duncan P. Mckinnon

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The special relationship that humans share with Canis familiaris (Caddo: dìitsi’) is the result of a long history of cohabitation with a high degree of variability in the role of dogs. In this paper, I present an inventory of dog burials documented in the Caddo Archaeological Area, consider symbolic dog representations in material culture, and examine Caddo ethnographic accounts that document human-canine interactions. Results reveal numerous forms of dog burial treatment, canine symbolism in ceramic, shell, and stone media, and a shared role of dogs in human ritual. These examples highlight the special relationship between the Caddo and their dogs, …

Motifs In Motion: An Iconographic Evaluation Of Spiro Engraved Production And Distribution Between The Northern And Southern Caddo Areas, Shawn P. Lambert

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Spiro Engraved, characterized by restricted set of curvilinear motifs, is viewed as one of the ceramic hallmarks of the Early Caddo period (A.D. 950-1150). Spatial variation in Spiro Engraved vessels has been well-documented through various provenance and stylistic studies across the northern and southern Caddo areas. However, almost no analyses of Spiro Engraved vessels have considered variation in motif occurrence and expression between the northern and southern Caddo areas. In this study, I review the most robust and comprehensive sample of Spiro Engraved vessels throughout the Caddo world to understand motif variation within the region. The results show that northern …

The Cobb-Pool Site, A Caddo Settlement In The Mountain Creek Valley, S. Alan Skinner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Cobb-Pool site was excavated in 1985-1986 by the Archaeology Research Program at Southern Methodist University (SMU) before Joe Pool Lake was constructed. The site had been located by the late R. King Harris in the 1930s and Harris collected early Caddo pottery, a Gahagan biface, Alba arrow points, and other chipped stone tools from the surface. SMU located the posthole pattern of three house structures, a large roasting pit, and several other features. Recovered during the excavation was an assemblage that complemented the Harris collection but also included a large sample of maize unlike that found in any other …

Early Shell-Tempered Pots And Corn In The Ozark Highland, Marvin Kay

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The health benefits of cooking corn (Zea mays) in a shell-tempered pot seem to be at the heart of an important innovation, and is inferred to be strong evidence of corn as an A.D. seventh-century dietary supplement if not a true staple in the Ozark Highland.

Book Review: Ouachita Mountains Archeology: Researching The Past With Two Projects In Arkansas, Mary Beth Trubitt, 2019, Arkansas Archeological Survey Popular Series No. 6, Isbn 978-1-56349-109-2., Scott W. Hammerstedt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This book, written for a general audience, summarizes 10,000 years of history in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. Trubitt draws upon data from Arkansas Archeological Society excavations at the Jones Mill and Dragover sites in southwest Arkansas to produce a highly readable, well-illustrated, and informative volume that introduces the non-professional reader to archaeological work. The use of text boxes to supplement the main narrative, along with a detailed glossary of key terms, allow her to present important concepts without dragging the reader into minutia.

Report: The 62nd Annual Caddo Conference And 27th Annual East Texas Archeological Conference, Tyler, Texas, February 28 And 29, 2020, Thomas H. Guderjan, E. Cory Sills, C. Colleen Hanratty, Keith Eppich, Amanda Regnier, Christy Simmons, Anthony Souther, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The 62nd Caddo Conference and 27th East Texas Archeological Conference was held at the University Center on the campus of the University of Texas at Tyler on February 28 and 29, 2020. The conference was dedicated to the rebuilding of public facilities at Caddo Mounds State Historic Site. These facilities had been destroyed by a tornado in 2019. The conference organizers were Thomas Guderjan, Colleen Hanratty, Cory Sills, Christy Simmons (University of Texas at Tyler), Keith Eppich (Tyler Junior College), Anthony Souther (Caddo Mounds State Historic Site), Amanda Regnier (Oklahoma Archeological Survey), Mark Walters (Texas Historical Commission Steward). Sponsors included …

Current Research: Index Of Texas Archaeology Ceramic Comparative Collection, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Index of Texas Archaeology (ITA) (https:// scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/) was developed by the Heritage Research Center at Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) (Figure 1) (Bousman and Selden 2018; Selden and Bousman 2017). ITA was built using the Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress) platform, is part of SFASU’s institutional repository, and is a digital repository that aggregates, distributes, and indexes scarce, limited-production, and digital archaeological works related to the State of Texas and adjacent regions, much of which was produced through publicly-funded projects.

Ripley Engraved Ceramics: Taxonomic Re-Classification Into New Types And Associated Varieties, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Ripley Engraved was initially defined by Suhm and Krieger and Suhm and Jelks from large numbers of ceramic vessels recovered in excavations by University of Texas archaeologists and avocational archaeologists from what are now known to be post-A.D. 1450 ancestral Caddo sites of the Titus phase in parts of the Sulphur, Big Cypress, and Sabine stream basins in East Texas. Far-flung examples of Ripley Engraved are also present in McCurtain phase features on the middle Red River, on the Red River in Northwest Louisiana, and in Salt Lick phase sites in the middle part of the Sabine River basin. A …

Human Remains From 41bw5, The Roseborough Lake Site, Diane E. Wilson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The analysis of human remains from the Roseborough Lake site (41BW5) provided in this article is a description of skeletal material collected or salvaged from this disturbed archaeological site in Bowie County, Texas. The material is presented here as an aid to future investigations and is compared with previously studied human remains from the region. Data was collected following standard techniques outlined in the Texas A&M University, Physical Anthropology Laboratory Data Form and those presented in Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994). The poor state of preservation and fragmentary nature of the remains limited the amount of information that could be recovered.

An Ancestral Caddo Utility Ware Ceramic Sherd From A Site In Williamson County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A local resident of Williamson County, Texas, collected 20 or more years ago a single prehistoric ceramic vessel sherd from a site near Brushy Creek and the community of Noack in southeastern Williamson County, Texas (Figure 1). Brushy Creek is a tributary to the San Gabriel River, and joins with it a few miles downstream and to the east in Milam County. The site, 41WM763, is in the Blackland Prairie zone of Central Texas. The site lies about 90 m east of a prominent hill top that also has an archaeological site on it (41WM762, the Noack site), but one …

Shipp Brushed Appliqued Ceramics, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In recent years, new ceramic types have been identified and disc ussed in the archaeological literature pertaining to the Allen phase of the Angelina-Neches River drainages in East Texas, the core of the historic Hasinai Caddo area. These new types have included King Engraved, Lindsey Grooved, Mayhew Rectilinear, Spradley Brushed-Incised, Gallant Neck Banded, and Constricted Neck Punctated (Perttula and Selden 2014:43, 47-49; Marceaux 2011:140-141, 154; Jackson et al. 2012:177-180; Gregory and Avery 2007:33, 49-54). These ceramic types joined other longstanding and well-known types from the Allen phase such as Bullard Brushed, Hume Engraved, Killough Pinched, La Rue Neck Banded, and …

Ancestral Caddo Ceramics From 41wd9, 41wd14, And 41wd15, Wood County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Earlier in 2020, Perttula published an analysis of 1010+ ancestral Caddo ceramic vessel sherds from five Wood County sites held in the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin (TARL). Three of the sites were in the Lake Fork Creek basin, one was in the Big Cypress Creek basin, and the fifth site was on Li ttle Sandy Creek in the Sabine River basin. This article continues with the analysis of three other small Caddo ceramic vessel sherd assemblages from the J. O. McCreight (41WD9), B. F. Cathey (41WD14), and T. U. Shirley (41WD15) sites.

A Ripley Engraved Vessel From The Sabine River Basin, Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Jim Sides Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this article we document an ancestral Caddo ceramic vessel that was accidentally discovered in the Sabine River basin on a camping trip, not far west-south west of Gladewater, Texas, in Upshur County. Ripley Engraved was made by Caddo potters of the Late Caddo period (ca. A.D. 1430- 1680) Titus phase. Sites of the Titus phase are known in East Texas from the Sulphur River basin on the north to the Sabine River basin on the south, but no core community of the phase is known or has been identified in this part of the Sabine River basin; such communities …

The Middle Caddo Period In East Texas: Its Age Range And Phases, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Middle Caddo period did not come into clear focus in East Texas archaeological research until Story’s overview of the archaeology of the Western Gulf Coastal Plain. The ceramic styles and types found on Middle Caddo sites set it apart from what came before (i.e., the Early Caddo period) and what came after (the Late Caddo period). It has been generally accepted that sites of the Middle Caddo period in East Texas date from ca. A.D. 1200-1400, although site by site this is not a hard and fast temporal boundary (nor should it necessarily be). Nevertheless, it seems warranted now, …

A Turquoise Bead Necklace From The Patton Site (41hs825), Harrison County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Patton or Pea Patch site (41HS825) is an ancestral Caddo settlement with several habitation areas and an associated cemetery on an alluvial terrace (255 ft. amsl) of Arms Creek, a northern-flowing tributary to Big Cypress Creek in the Lake O’ the Pines area of the East Texas Pineywoods. It is known that Buddy C. Jones, later to become a professional archaeologist, located and excavated at the site in 1964, including the investigation of a total of eight burials with a number of funerary offerings. Since Jones’ work, it is also known that extensive digging of more Caddo burials (believed …

Caddo Ceramic Sherd Assemblages From Sites In Smith County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The analysis herein of ancestral Caddo ceramic assemblages from sites in Smith County, Texas is a companion piece to the analysis of numerous ceramic collections at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL) from sites in Gregg and Wood counties, Texas. The Smith County collections were obtained in the 1930s and early 1940s by Jack Hughes, then an East Texas resident, but later a legendary Texas Panhandle archaeologist.

Ann M. Early’S Contributions To Caddo Archeology, George Sabo Iii, Mary Beth Trubitt, Kathy Cande

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Following a 48-year career at the Arkansas Archeological Survey, Dr. Ann M. Early retired in June 2020. In this short essay, we highlight her extensive contributions to the archeology of the Caddo area and her research on the culture history of the Caddo people in and south of the Ouachita Mountains.

Processing Matters: 3d Mesh Morphology, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Michael J. Shott, Morgane Dubied

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Substantive advancements have been made toward automating the application of landmarks and semilandmarks. These approaches can aid in expediting the landmarking process, while simultaneously reducing landmarking errors and investigator bias. This study enlists a template-based approach to quantify deviations in mesh processing outputs using a Pontchartrain dart point from the collections of the National Forests and Grasslands in Texas, which was scanned and processed at multiple resolutions using microCT and laser scanners. Following data collection and output, meshes were processed using an automated and replicable workflow. A batch processing protocol was developed in Geomagic Design X and Control X to …

The Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, Ethnography, Ethnohistory, And History Bibliography Of The Caddo Indian Peoples Of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, And Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Duncan Mckinnon, Scott Hammerstedt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, Ethnography, Ethnohistory, and History Bibliography of the Caddo Indian Peoples of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Dietz Little Wizard Lantern (2), R. E. Dietz Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Dietz Little Wizard Lantern, circa 1913. Globe is a LOC-NOB. LOC-NOB refers to the pair of ears on a Dietz lantern globe used to keep the globe from falling out when tilting the globe plate for lighting or trimming of the wick. This lantern features a globe which appears to have been altered with paint or some other form of red material. It is unclear if this improvised coloring would have been used to signal stop or danger.

In the 1950's a special large tank version was introduced that had the same size tank as the streamline Blizzard and D-Lite …

Adlake Kero (5) (Hiram L. Piper Lantern), Adams & Westlake Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Adlake Kero Lantern, circa 1930. The brim of this lantern is stamped with the inscription Hiram L. Piper Co of Montréal, Canada. Adlake is a major Chicago manufacturer of lanterns and was widely used by Canadian railways.

The globe of this lantern is tinted red which was a widely used signal for railways to signal stop or to alert of danger.

Dietz No. 2 Blizzard Lantern, R. E. Dietz Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Dietz no.2 Blizzard Lantern, circa. 1958. Globe is a LOC-NOB Fitzall. LOC-NOB refers to the pair of ears on a Dietz lantern globe used to keep the globe from falling out when tilting the globe plate for lighting or trimming the wick.

The Dietz Blizzard is one of the most well recognized lanterns of the company and has been and continues to be produced for over 120 years.

information provided is altered from W.T. Kirkman Lanterns. https://lanternnet.com/

Adlake Kero (6) (I.C.R.R Lantern), Adams & Westlake Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Adlake Kero Lantern, circa 1913. The brim of the lantern is stamped with The Adams & Westlake Co. makers mark and the initials I.C.R.R most likely standing for the Illinois Central Railroad. The globe of this lantern is blue meaning that it would be hung on equipment to signal that it should not be moved from the area or task it was currently being used for.

Dietz #3 Police Lantern, R. E. Dietz Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Dietz #3 Police Lantern, circa. 1890. The Dietz Police Lantern models came in four different configurations, it is estimated that this model is the first of the four types. The first manufactured models featured two hand grips and a belt clip. Police lanterns were sometimes called "Dark Lanterns" as the brightness of the lantern could be adjusted or hidden as the operator chose. These models of lantern were able to use kerosene, candles, or whale oil. They were cheaply manufactured with sheet metal and a tin overlay.

Paull's No. 0 Lantern, Wheeling Stamping Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Paull's No. 0 Lantern, circa. 1923. This lantern is believed to have been manufactured by the Wheeling Stamping Company, also sometimes referred to as the 'Nail City Lantern Company'. The company originated in 1877 Wheeling City West Virginia where it produced around 100 lanterns a day in the form of two variations called "Leader" lanterns. The lanterns were created entirely of raw materials available to the factory except for the globes, which were created at the Buckeye Glass Works, in Martin's Ferry Ohio.

The globe of this lantern has been replaced with a Dietz LOC-NOB Fitzall. LOC-NOB refers to the …

Dietz Night Watch Lantern, R. E. Dietz Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Dietz Night Watch Lantern, circa. 1950. The Dietz Night Watch model of lantern was introduced as a replacement to the Dietz "8-Day" model of lanterns until 1956 when the Night Watch was replaced by the Dietz no. 40 Traffic Gard model. The Night Watch was used by traffic and construction companies for road blocks. The red globe would have been used to signal stop or danger.

Information provided is altered from W.T. Kirkman Lanterns. https://lanternnet.com/

Dietz No. 2 D-Lite Lantern (1), R. E. Dietz Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Dietz No. 2 D-Lite Lantern, circa. 1919. The No. 2 D-Lite replaced its predecessor the original D-Lite which proved to be unaffordable due to its top lifting telescopic chimney. The No. 2 D-Lite combined the D-Lite and No. 2 Wizard to create a side lifting lantern that was more affordable.

The LOC-NOB globe of this lantern is red signaling stop or danger. LOC-NOB refers to the pair of ears on a Dietz lantern globe used to keep the globe from falling out when tilting the globe plate for lighting or trimming of the wick.

Information provided is altered from W.T. …

Dietz No. 40 Traffic Gard Lantern, R. E. Dietz Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Dietz No. 40 Traffic Gard Lantern, circa. 1953. This model of lantern was first manufactured by the W.C. Embury Company and exclusivley sold to highway contractors and utility companies. When the Embury Company was bought out by Dietz in 1953 they continued production of the Traffic Gard which replaced multiple models already sold by the Dietz company due to its manufacturing cost and popularity.

The red tinted globe was used to signal stop or danger.

Information provided is altered from W.T. Kirkman Lanterns. https://lanternnet.com/

Armspear 1925 Lantern (2) (N&W. Ry), Armspear Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Armspear 1925 Lantern, circa. 1925. This artifact is a post World War 1 Armspear Lantern. The 1925 model lantern was Armspear's introduction into the short globe lantern market. This would continue to be the major model in production by Armspear until production was contracted to the Adams and Westlake manufacturing company, who produced an Armspear line very similar to the Adlake "Kero" model of lanterns.

Stamped on the brim of this lantern are the initials N&W.RY signaling the use of this lantern by the Norfolk and Western Railway.

Dietz Night Watch Lantern (2), R. E. Dietz Manufacturing Company

Morehead History & Railroad Museum Lantern Collection

Dietz Night Watch Lantern, circa. 1950. The Dietz Night Watch model of lanterns was introduced in 1950 as a replacement for the Dietz "8-Day". The Night Watch featured an updated fuel tank similar to the Dietz Little Wizard and was used in a multitude of similar task including traffic and construction work.

The Night Watch remained in production until 1956 when the purchase of the Embury Manufacturing Company by Dietz took place. Replacing the Night Watch with the Embury #40 Traffic Gard now under the Dietz name. The globe of this lantern is a tinted red, which would have been …