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Order To Pay Chu Walookee $7.50 From Public Funds For His Services, Endorsed By John Ross On Verso. August 23, 1834., John Ross, Richard Taylor, William Rogers

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

Order to pay and authorization by John Ross for $7.50 of public funds be paid to Chuwalookee for his services. Dated August 23rd, 1834.

An Appeal In Favor Of That Class Of Americans Called Africans, Lydia Maria Child, Paul Royster (Editor)

Electronic Texts in American Studies

The roots of white supremacy lie in the institution of negro slavery. From the 15th through the 19th century, white Europeans trafficked in abducted and enslaved Africans and justified the practice with excuses that seemed somehow to reconcile the injustice with their professed Christianity. The United States was neither the first nor the last nation to abolish slavery, but its proclaimed principles of freedom and equality were made ironic by the nation’s reluctance to extend recognition to all Americans.

“Americans” is what Mrs. Child calls those fellow countrymen of African ancestry; citizenship and equality are what she proposed beyond simple …

Manuscript Slave Deed, Dated February 2, 1830, Rockbridge County, Virginia, From Larkin Powers To Thomas Johnston., Larkin Powers

Documents Related to Slavery

Know all men by these presents that I Larkin Powers of the County of Rockbridge and the State of Virginia have .?. by these presents do sell unto Thomas Johnston of the county and state aforesaid a negro woman named Hannah for the consideration of one sorrel horse of the value of fifty dollars and in cash fifteen dollars the act of which I ackowledge and I do warrant and defend the health and title of said negro against the claims or clauses of all persons in writing whereof I have herewith Let my hand and seal this 2nd day …

Walker’S Appeal, In Four Articles; Together With A Preamble, To The Coloured Citizens Of The World, … (Boston, 1830), David Walker, Paul Royster , Editor & Depositor

Zea E-Books in American Studies

Walker’s Appeal ... is a radical antislavery and antiracist manifesto by a free American of African ancestry. Its bold denunciation of European culture was unprecedented, unrestrained, and startling, viz.:

“The whites have always been an unjust, jealous, unmerciful, avaricious and blood-thirsty set of beings, always seeking after power and authority.”

Walker attacks the slave system and its rampant racism from the viewpoint of America’s allegiance to the idea of freedom; he quotes the Declaration of Independence at length, and strikes a recognizably jeremiad note:

“O Americans! Americans!! I call God—I call angels— I call men, to witness, that your destruction …

List Of Enslaved People, Including Their Ages, At Spring Garden Plantation, Florida, 1829., Spring Garden Plantation

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

This item is a list of over 80 enslaved people of African descent at Spring Garden, a plantation in present-day DeLeon Springs State Park, Florida. The list notes the first names of enslave persons and their ages. Annotations indicate occupations and work assignments, family units, and if individuals were sent to Charleston or sold locally. The meaning of some annotations are unclear or at least not explicit, such as small circles next to females' names. Annotations indicate this list was used as reference more than once. One pair of twins is noted as are several infants. Reference to the names …

Letter From The Secretary Of War Transmitting A Report Of Gov. Cass And Col. Mckenney, On The Subject Of The Complaints Of The Winnebago Indians, &C., James Barbour, United States War Department, Lewis Cass, Thomas L. Mckenney

Special Collections

Letter to the 20th Congress from the governor of Michigan Territory and others regarding treaty violations perpetrated by white colonists, primarily seeking to extract lead and other minerals. Area mentioned is in present-day Wisconsin.

20th Congress, 1st Session. House of Representatives, War Department. Document Number 117.

Congressional Report From The Committee Of Indian Affairs Prepared By Gabriel W. Perpall; May 15, 1826, 19th Congress

Print Materials from the Richard Mette Collection

Congressional Report from the Committee of Indian Affairs prepared by Gabriel W. Perpall; May 15, 1826. 19th Congress, 1st session.

Ratified Indian Treaty 135: Mandan, Henry Atkinson, Benjamin O'Fallon

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This treaty, signed on July 30, 1825, was the first major treaty between the US Government and representatives of the Mandan Nation. Also known as the Atkinson and O'Fallon Trade and Intercourse Treaty of 1825, this document was part of a series of friendship treaties between Henry Atkinson and Benjamin O’Fallon’s Indian Peace Commission and the Indigenous Nations beyond the Mississippi River. In this treaty, the Mandan acknowledged the supremacy of the United States, which successively promised them peace, friendship, and protection. The Mandan also admitted that they resided within the territorial limits of the United States and that it …

Ratified Indian Treaty 134: Belantse-Etoa Or Minitaree (Hidatsa), Henry Atkinson, Benjamin O'Fallon

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This treaty, signed on July 30, 1825, was the first major treaty between the US Government and representatives of the Hidatsa Nation. Also known as the Atkinson and O'Fallon Trade and Intercourse Treaty of 1825, this document was part of a series of friendship treaties between Henry Atkinson and Benjamin O’Fallon’s Indian Peace Commission and the Indigenous Nations beyond the Mississippi River. In this treaty, the Hidatsa acknowledged the supremacy of the United States, which successively promised them peace, friendship, and protection. The Hidatsa also admitted that they resided within the territorial limits of the United States and that it …

Ratified Indian Treaty 133: Arikara (Ricara) - Arikara Village, July 18, 1825, Henry Atkinson, Benjamin O'Fallon

US Government Documents Related to Indigenous Nations

This treaty, signed on July 18, 1825, was the first major treaty between the US Government and representatives of the Arikara Nation. Also known as the Atkinson and O'Fallon Trade and Intercourse Treaty of 1825, this document was part of a series of friendship treaties between Henry Atkinson and Benjamin O’Fallon’s Indian Peace Commission and the Indigenous Nations beyond the Mississippi River. In this treaty, the Arikara acknowledged the supremacy of the United States, which successively promised them peace, friendship, and protection. The Arikara also admitted that they resided within the territorial limits of the United States and that it …

Banks, Mrs. Sarah - Inventory Of Personal Property Of Mrs. Sarah Banks, Deceased, Chancery Court Of Adams County

Historic Natchez Foundation

Inventory of the personal property of Mrs.Sarah Banks, deceased, including two enslaved persons, whose names were not recorded.

Mccracken, George - Petition Regarding An Incomplete Bequest From The Estate Of George Mccracken, By Sally And Charles Jones, Chancery Court Of Adams County

Historic Natchez Foundation

Petition regarding an incomplete bequest from the estate of George McCracken, by Sally and Charles Jones

Notes Geographical And Historical, Relating To The Town Of Brooklyn, In Kings County On Long-Island, Gabriel Furman

Zea E-Books in American Studies

Furman’s work is one of the earliest compilations of historical documents (with commentary) about an American city, in this case his native Brooklyn. It is an invaluable source of information on the early Dutch and English settlements of Brooklyn, Flatbush, Bushwick, New Lotts, Canarsie, Bedford, New Utrecht, Jamaica, and New Amsterdam, and their controversies with one another and with the Governors of New York and the crown of England. Included are original documents relative to the Indian purchases, original boundaries, water rights, ferry rights, wood rights, and forms of town government. Sections include: Situation of the Town of Brooklyn, Ancient …

History Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Captains Lewis And Clark...In Two Volumes (Volume 2), Abraham H. Inskeep

Osher Map Library Rare Books

Full title: History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to the sources of the Missouri thence across the Rocky mountains and down the river Columbia to the Pacific Ocean performed during the years 1804-5-6 by order of the government of the United States prepared for the press by Paul Allen, Esquire in two volumes.

Volume two includes an appendix by Captain Lewis: Observations and reflections on the present and future state of Upper Louisiana in relation to the government of the Indian nations inhabiting that country, and the trade and intercourse with the same. Handwritten …

History Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Captains Lewis And Clark...In Two Volumes (Volume 1), Abraham H. Inskeep

Osher Map Library Rare Books

Full title: History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, to the sources of the Missouri thence across the Rocky mountains and down the river Columbia to the Pacific Ocean performed during the years 1804-5-6 by order of the government of the United States prepared for the press by Paul Allen, Esquire in two volumes.

Two volumes with preface by Thomas Jefferson recounting Meriweather Lewis's life and sudden death. Handwritten in volume one: "John Bird's Book, February 24th A.D. 1819 and the Commonwealth this forty second." Stamped in both volumes inside covers: "Clifton Matheny Monterey, VA."

An Oration On The Abolition Of The Slave Trade; Delivered In The African Church In The City Of New-York, January 1, 1808, Peter Williams Jr

Zea E-Books in American Studies

The United States Constitution, Article 1, Section 9, prohibited Congress from banning the importation of slaves until the year 1808. A bill to do this was first introduced in Congress by Senator Stephen Roe Bradley of Vermont in December 1805, and its passage was recommended by President Jefferson in his annual message to Congress in December 1806. In March 1807, Congress passed the legislation, and President Thomas Jefferson signed it into law on March 3, 1807. Subsequently, on March 25, 1807, the British Parliament also passed an act banning the slave trade aboard British ships. The effective date of the …

Fragment Of A Deed Distributing 202.5 Acres Of Land "Obtained From The Creek Nation Of Indians" In Baldwin County, Georgia To James Tarrentine 1802., John Milledge

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

Top half of a land grant to James Tarrentine for 202.5 acres in the first district of Baldwin County, Georgia. Date is approximate, based on treaty date noted in document.

The Nature And Importance Of True Republicanism With A Few Suggestions Favorable To Independence: A Discourse, Delivered At Rutland, (Vermont,) The Fourth Of July, 1801. — It Being The 25th Anniversary Of American Independence., Lemuel Haynes, Paul Royster , Ed.

Electronic Texts in American Studies

This intriguing document is a political 4th of July “discourse” by an African American New England Congregational ordained minister and Revolutionary War veteran from the very early years of the Republic. Lemuel Haynes’ personal history is an interesting story, as is his assessment of the progress, needs, and future prospects of the new nation. Ostensibly and formally, the discourse is about selecting leadership dedicated to serving the public welfare and avoiding men who seek office for personal preferment, power, or fame. Taking a text from the gospel of Luke, Haynes applies the advice of Jesus to his disciples to the …

Manuscript Slave Deed, Dated December 1, 1800, From William & Nicholas Mills To Charles Thompson Jr. Contemporary Copy, Recorded March 1801., William Mills, Nicholas Mills

Documents Related to Slavery

This deed ? made and entered in the first day of December in the year one thousand and eight hundred between William and Nicholas Mills administrators of the Nicholas Mills desc'd who was executor of Ann Mills deceased on the one part and Charles Thompson Jr of the other part Witneseth that the said William Mills and Nicholas Mills as Admintrs aforesaid for and in consideration fo the sum of One dollar to us in hand paid by the said Charles Thompson Fr the receipt where of we do hereby acknowledge. But more especially for the uses and trust hereafter …

Letter From Josiah Masters To John Reade About An Enslaved Man Named Dick Whom (Masters) Wishes To Sell. New York, 1796., Josiah Masters

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

Masters writes to Reade that Dick "has been somewhat uneasy with me, the first cause [was] my separating his wench from him."

"The lowest price is one hundred pounds."

Addressed to Reade in Poughkeepsie, NY.

Articles Of Agreement Amongst The Preachers, Methodist Episcopal Church. South Carolina Conference.

Methodist Books

Articles of Agreement Amongst the Preachers relative to slavery, January 2, 1795. The clergy agree about the impropriety and evil of slavery, and its harmful consequences. They resolve that no member of conference should own slaves, and anyone who becomes the possessor of slaves should emancipate them where the law allows, and that any member who acts otherwise shall forfeit their seat at conference and their letter of ordination.

Letter In Which Daniel Morgan Refuses Henry Knox's Request For Assistance In Fighting Native Americans. 1792., Daniel Morgan

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

In this letter Daniel Morgan, a Virginian famous for his victory at Cowpens, S.C. duing the American Revolution, replies to Secretary of War Henry Knox's request for assistance in fighting Native American. Morgan demures, citing the qualities of the U.S. officer corps and the "peculiar" nature of fighting Native Americans.`

Essay On Negro-Slavery., James O'Kelly

Stone-Campbell Books

No abstract provided.

An Address To The Negroes In The State Of New-York, Jupiter Hammon

Zea E-Books in American Studies

Hammon’s Address, published in New York and Philadelphia in 1787, is a simple but eloquent set of Christian advice and reflections. To his fellow Negroes who are enslaved, Hammon advises obedience to masters, honesty and faithfulness, and the avoidance of profaneness. Among his strongest recommendations is that Negroes make every effort learn to read and use that knowledge to study the Bible. Hammon’s focus is on eternity, judgment, redemption, and God’s governance of the world.

Yet Hammon’s appeal is no apology for the slave system, but rather a modulated and astute assessment of the social and power relations between blacks …

The Journal Of Major George Washington, George Washington

Zea E-Books in American Studies

In October of 1753, George Washington, a 21-year-old major in the Virginia militia, volunteered to carry a letter from the governor of Virginia to the French commander of the forts recently built on the headwaters of the Ohio River in northwestern Pennsylvania. The French had recently expanded their military operations from the Great Lakes into the Ohio country, and had spent the summer of 1753 building forts and roads along the Allegheny River, with the design of linking their trade routes and sphere of influence down the Ohio to the Mississippi. Virginia governor Robert Dinwiddie believed them to be in …

The Negro Christianized. An Essay To Excite And Assist That Good Work, The Instruction Of Negro-Servants In Christianity (1706), Cotton Mather, Paul Royster , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

There were Africans in New England before there were Puritans there, and by 1700 they numbered about 1,000 out of a total population of 90,000. Roughly half of them lived in Massachusetts, and were concentrated in Boston and the coastal towns. Puritans actively participated in the trafficking of enslaved persons, importing Africans from the West Indies and sometimes selling native American prisoners overseas.

Cotton Mather’s household contained enslaved Negro servants, and his congregation at the Second (or North) Church included both merchants of slavery and persons of African descent. The pamphlet reprinted here appeared in 1706 without his name, but …

Magnalia Christi Americana, Cotton Mather, Thomas Parkhurst

Osher Map Library Rare Books

Full title: Magnalia Christi Americana: or, the Ecclesiastical history of New-England, from its first planting in the year 1620. unto the year of Our Lord, 1698. In seven books ... By the Reverend and learned Cotton Mather. London: Printed for Thomas Parkhurst, at the Bible and Three Crows in Cheapside. MDCCII.

Early New England history.

7 parts in 1 volume

A New Discovery Of A Vast Country In America, Louis Hennepin, Jacob Tonson

Osher Map Library Rare Books

Full title: A new discovery of a vast country in America, extending above four thousand miles, between New France and New Mexico with a description of the Great Lakes, cataracts, rivers, plants, and animals also, the manners, customs, and languages of the several native Indians, and the advantage of commerce with those different nations with a continuation, giving an account of the attempts of the Sieur de la Salle upon the mines of St. Barbe, &c. : the taking of Quebec by the English, with the advantages of a shorter cut to China and Japan : both parts illustrated with …

Four English Histories Of The Pequod War, P. Vincentius, John Underhill, Lion Gardener, John Mason

Zea E-Books in American Studies

P. Vincentius, A True Relation of the Late Battell fought in New England, between the English, and the Salvages : With the present state of things there (1637)

John Underhill, Newes From America; or, A New and Experimentall Discoverie of New England; Containing, a Trve Relation of Their War-like proceedings these two yeares last past, with a Figure of the Indian Fort, or Palizado (1638)

Lion Gardener, Relation of the Pequot Warres [1660]

John Mason, A Brief History of the Pequot War: Especially of the memorable Taking of their Fort at Mistick in Connecticut in 1637 (1736)

New-England Or A Briefe Enarration Of The Ayre, Earth, Water, Fish And Fowles Of That Country. With A Description Of The Natures, Orders, Habits, And Religion Of The Natives; In Latine And English Verse, William Morrell, Andrew Gaudio , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

This text, a Latin poem in dactylic hexameter with an accompanying English translation in heroic verse stands as the earliest surviving work of poetry about New England and the second oldest poem whose origins can be traced directly to the British American colonies. Only two copies of the original 1625 edition are known to survive; one is held at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, and the other is housed at the British Museum. The Latin portion comprises 309 lines and praises the geographic features, flora and fauna of New England, and spends a majority of its verses describing …