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Full-Text Articles in United States History

Progressive Education In Appalachia: East Tennessee State Normal School And Appalachian State Normal School, Holly Heacock May 2017

Progressive Education In Appalachia: East Tennessee State Normal School And Appalachian State Normal School, Holly Heacock

Undergraduate Honors Theses

In this thesis, I am examining how East Tennessee State Normal School in East Tennessee and Appalachian State Normal School in Western North Carolina interpreted progressive education differently in their states. This difference is that East Tennessee State began as a state funded school to educate future teachers therefore their school and their curriculum was more rounded and set to a structured schedule. Appalachian State Normal School was initially founded to educate the uneducated in the “lost provinces” therefore, curriculum was even more progressive than East Tennessee State’s – based strongly on the practices of farming, woodworking, and other practical …


Defining Dartmouth: Inclusion And Exclusion At Dartmouth College 1917-2017, Laura Barrett May 2017

Defining Dartmouth: Inclusion And Exclusion At Dartmouth College 1917-2017, Laura Barrett

Dartmouth Library Staff Publications

Dartmouth College’s demographics have shifted over the past one hundred years, from an almost entirely all male, white, and wealthy student body, to one with gender, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity. During this time, the College has endeavored to maintain its reputation as an academically exclusive institution for the intellectual elite while simultaneously opening its doors continually wider to a more diverse student population. These aspirations, for broad inclusivity within the bounds of narrow exclusivity, have frequently worked in opposition to one another, and Dartmouth’s administrators have led the College in a delicate balancing act amid shifting alumni demands, student …


Thomas Jefferson, Slavery, And The Language Of The Textbook: Addressing Problematic Representations Of Race And Power, Sarah L. Thomson May 2017

Thomas Jefferson, Slavery, And The Language Of The Textbook: Addressing Problematic Representations Of Race And Power, Sarah L. Thomson

Language Arts Journal of Michigan

This paper uses critical discourse analysis to demonstrate how two written texts about Thomas Jefferson and slavery construct very different representations of the past. The paper suggests methods that teachers can use to help students critique representations of marginalized groups in written texts, and develop a more authentic understanding of the experiences of enslaved African American men and women.


Breaking The Cycle Of Silence : The Significance Of Anya Seton's Historical Fiction., Lindsey Marie Okoroafo (Jesnek) May 2017

Breaking The Cycle Of Silence : The Significance Of Anya Seton's Historical Fiction., Lindsey Marie Okoroafo (Jesnek)

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines the feminist significance of Anya Seton’s historical novels, My Theodosia (1941), Katherine (1954), and The Winthrop Woman (1958). The two main goals of this project are to 1.) identify and explain the reasons why Seton’s historical novels have not received the scholarly attention they are due, and 2.) to call attention to the ways in which My Theodosia, Katherine, and The Winthrop Woman offer important feminist interventions to patriarchal social order. Ultimately, I argue that My Theodosia, Katherine, and The Winthrop Woman deserve more scholarly attention because they are significant contributions to women’s …


The Grizzly, April 27, 2017, Brian Thomas, Kevin Leon, Erin Mckinney, Chris Karmilowicz, Courtney A. Duchene, Jordan Ostrum, Fran Liberatoscioli, Hunter Gellman Apr 2017

The Grizzly, April 27, 2017, Brian Thomas, Kevin Leon, Erin Mckinney, Chris Karmilowicz, Courtney A. Duchene, Jordan Ostrum, Fran Liberatoscioli, Hunter Gellman

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Ursinus Makes Changes to Graduation • Mellon Foundation Awards College Grant for New Core Curriculum • Grizzly Interview with President Brock Blomberg • Recent Volunteer Efforts are Revitalizing the Organic Farm • First-Person Perspective: Student Finds Comfort and Solidarity at D.C. March for Science • History Professor Shares Love for Music with the Campus • Opinions: Neutrality is Not Enough to Stop World-Wide Fascism; Future of Ursinus Requires Us to Accept Change • Two-Sport Athlete Raises Money for Next Off-the-Field Hurdle


The Grizzly, April 20, 2017, Brian Thomas, Sarah Hojsak, Courtney A. Duchene, Erin Mckinney, Sienna Coleman, Leighnah L. Perkins, Colin Mccloskey, Johnny Cope, Andrew Simoncini Apr 2017

The Grizzly, April 20, 2017, Brian Thomas, Sarah Hojsak, Courtney A. Duchene, Erin Mckinney, Sienna Coleman, Leighnah L. Perkins, Colin Mccloskey, Johnny Cope, Andrew Simoncini

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Record Store Day Comes to Collegeville • Seismic Step Shares History and Tradition • Q&A with Incoming Music Professor • Jazzfest to Swing into Action Next Weekend • At the Intersection of Art and Meaning, Student Musicians Find Their Sound • Inside a Campus Tradition: The Story of the Heefner Organ • Opinions: Let "More Life" Carry You Through the Summer; Get it Together and Listen to Kendrick Lamar's Album • UC Athletes Share the Best Pump-Up Music Before Competition • UC Baseball Captain Also Hitting the High Notes in a Capella Club


The Grizzly, April 13, 2017, Brian Thomas, Courtney A. Duchene, Kevin Leon, Johnny Cope, Naseem Syed, Sienna Coleman, Fran Liberatoscioli, Hunter Gellman, Nick Brough, Andrew Simoncini Apr 2017

The Grizzly, April 13, 2017, Brian Thomas, Courtney A. Duchene, Kevin Leon, Johnny Cope, Naseem Syed, Sienna Coleman, Fran Liberatoscioli, Hunter Gellman, Nick Brough, Andrew Simoncini

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Renowned Photojournalist Showcases Work on Campus • Student Entrepreneurs Compete in the BEAR Innovation Competition • How Do Student Athletes Manage Both Academics and Athletics? • Student Commons Planning Advances • Speaking Out Against Injustice: How Members of the UC Community Combat Rape Culture on Campus • St. Andrew's Scholarship Recipient Looks Forward to a Full Year of Soaking Up Scottish Culture • Opinions: Dan Mullen's Success Should Inspire Graduating Students; Greek Life at Ursinus Counters National Stereotypes • Former UC Athlete Bridges the Gap Between Coaching and Administration • Where are They Now?: Two Former Ursinus Athletes Discuss Their …


The Grizzly, April 6, 2017, Brian Thomas, Naseem Syed, Courtney A. Duchene, Erin Mckinney, Paige Szmodis, Sienna Coleman, Kevin Leon, Joshua Brandon Hoffman, Sarah Defelice, Nick Brough, Andrew Simoncini Apr 2017

The Grizzly, April 6, 2017, Brian Thomas, Naseem Syed, Courtney A. Duchene, Erin Mckinney, Paige Szmodis, Sienna Coleman, Kevin Leon, Joshua Brandon Hoffman, Sarah Defelice, Nick Brough, Andrew Simoncini

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Active Minds Decides to "Tone it Down Taupe" for Autism Acceptance • Student Government Election Results Come In • STAT Hosts Town Hall to Provide Transparency on Where Tuition Goes • Core Curriculum Updates Underway for Fall 2018 • Eco-Conscious Students Travel Sustainably with UC Bikeshare • Annual Spring Concert Takes on a New Look • Opinions: "Light it Up Blue" is More Harmful than Helpful; Here's Why Active Minds "Toned it Down Taupe" • The Woman Behind the Sports: Laura Moliken, Athletic Director • Construction on Thomas Field Underway; Press Box and Grandstand to be Built


"A Narrower Than Necessary Focus": Jason Ellis And Benjamin Kearl On Special Education History: A Multilogue Response To Benjamin Kelsey Kearl And Jason Ellis, Donald Warren Apr 2017

"A Narrower Than Necessary Focus": Jason Ellis And Benjamin Kearl On Special Education History: A Multilogue Response To Benjamin Kelsey Kearl And Jason Ellis, Donald Warren

Education's Histories

Donald Warren reads Benjamin Kearl's examination of special education history as an advance on the reconceptualization project,not a distraction from the historiographical work Ellis recommends.


Ursinus Magazine, Spring / Summer 2017, William H. Barnaby, Margaret Williams, Wendy Greenberg, Ellen Labrecque, Ed Moorhouse, Rebecca Evans, Catherine Chambliss, S. Ross Doughty, Laura Moliken, Edward Onaci, Kara Mcshane, Jon Volkmer Apr 2017

Ursinus Magazine, Spring / Summer 2017, William H. Barnaby, Margaret Williams, Wendy Greenberg, Ellen Labrecque, Ed Moorhouse, Rebecca Evans, Catherine Chambliss, S. Ross Doughty, Laura Moliken, Edward Onaci, Kara Mcshane, Jon Volkmer

Ursinus Magazine, 1995–Present

Core values • Celebrate student achievement • Triple play for NSF fellowship • Transitions • Pit stop • Wrestling with ethics • Ursinus is 'summerbursting' • Lights, camera, Airband • Media mentions • Lost and found: The Freeland Hall bell • The farmer and the coach • How Ursinus is helping to shape the liberal arts in Hong Kong and what we're learning from them • Students teaching teachers: Ursinus student consultants are improving the classroom experience • Cinema scope • The transition • A campus engaged in gender rights • Anatomy of Commencement • Carla Rinde knows a thing …


The Grizzly, March 30, 2017, Brian Thomas, Johnny Myers, Naseem Syed, Sienna Coleman, Erin Mckinney, Kevin Leon, Rachel Glick, Hunter Gellman, Fran Liberatoscioli Mar 2017

The Grizzly, March 30, 2017, Brian Thomas, Johnny Myers, Naseem Syed, Sienna Coleman, Erin Mckinney, Kevin Leon, Rachel Glick, Hunter Gellman, Fran Liberatoscioli

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Ursinus to Begin Offering Summer Courses to Students, Community Members • Students Share Diverse Experiences in UCARE Sponsored Diversity Monologues • Is There Declining Student Interest in the Philadelphia Experience? • "Stop Kiss" Brings Story of Love and Heartbreak to the Stage • Professor Finds a New Approach to Academics with Brooklyn Institute for Social Research • Opinions: Students Need to Start Contacting Their Representatives; Here's Why I Relay for Life at Ursinus College • The HEART of Ursinus Cardiovascular Research • Ursinus Tennis Coach Reaches 100 Career Victories, Wins Coach of the Year Award


The Grizzly, March 23, 2017, Brian Thomas, Nick Brough, Luximei Wang, Paige Szmodis, Courtney A. Duchene, Jada A. Grice, Jordan Scharaga, Andrew Simoncini, Chris Karmilowicz Mar 2017

The Grizzly, March 23, 2017, Brian Thomas, Nick Brough, Luximei Wang, Paige Szmodis, Courtney A. Duchene, Jada A. Grice, Jordan Scharaga, Andrew Simoncini, Chris Karmilowicz

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Immigration Panel Will Allow Students to Express Their Experience with Political Issues • International Perspective: Reflections on Adjusting to Campus Culture in the Fall • Important Housing Lottery Dates and Advice from Residence Life • Tech Support Updates Outdated Login Service • From Taxes to Spaghetti, Nerd Camp Helps Students Navigate the Real World • First-Person Perspective: Student Reflects on Class Trip to Chicago • Opinions: Does U.S. Happiness Affect UC Happiness?; Trappe Beer and Soda or Austin's Beverages? • From Amateur Wrestler to College Professor: Nick Scoville Does it All • Fun in the Sun: Five Ursinus Teams Traveled …


Content Matters--Teaching "The Case For Reparations," 9-12, Tamara Jaffe-Notier, Carol Friedman Mar 2017

Content Matters--Teaching "The Case For Reparations," 9-12, Tamara Jaffe-Notier, Carol Friedman

National Youth Advocacy & Resilience Conference

We offer specific materials and plans for teaching the structure and content of Ta-Nehisi Coates' persuasive essay, "The Case for Reparations," and building trustworthy relationships with and among students. By participating in this interactive session, you will practice teaching five specific high school appropriate lessons addressing requisite knowledge and skills for studying this essay, from real estate redlining to building academic vocabulary for rhetorical analysis.


The Grizzly, March 2, 2017, Brian Thomas, Courtney A. Duchene, Paige Szmodis, Yuki Matsumoto, Nick Brough, Kayla Anelli, Benjamin T. Allwein, Johnny Myers, Andrew Simoncini Mar 2017

The Grizzly, March 2, 2017, Brian Thomas, Courtney A. Duchene, Paige Szmodis, Yuki Matsumoto, Nick Brough, Kayla Anelli, Benjamin T. Allwein, Johnny Myers, Andrew Simoncini

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Student Premieres Self-Produced Film on Campus • SPINT Houses to Host Events to Interest Applicants for Next Year • International Perspective: A Japanese Student's Reflection on Exchange Programs • Q&A with Last Year's Faculty Award Winners • Setting the Bar High: Mock Trial Races Toward Success • UC Senior Sprints to the Finish Line • Opinions: The U-Imagine Center Undermines Liberal Education; Entrepreneurship Enhances Liberal Education at UC • Men's Basketball Breaks Nine-Year Drought, Advances to Conference Playoffs • Four for Four: Ursinus Women's Swimming Caps Off Perfect Four Years


Mcreynolds, Benjamin, 1769-1845 (Mss 603), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2017

Mcreynolds, Benjamin, 1769-1845 (Mss 603), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scans of selected items (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Collection 603. Manuscript books of sermons, religious, medical and other writings created by Benjamin McReynolds, a Butler County, Kentucky Methodist minister. Includes family history and records of schools operated by McReynolds.


The Grizzly, February 23, 2017, Brian Thomas, Sarah Hojsak, Courtney A. Duchene, Paige Szmodis, Katrina O'Donnell, Steve Mohapp, Jordan Scharaga, Andrew Simoncini, Johnny Cope Feb 2017

The Grizzly, February 23, 2017, Brian Thomas, Sarah Hojsak, Courtney A. Duchene, Paige Szmodis, Katrina O'Donnell, Steve Mohapp, Jordan Scharaga, Andrew Simoncini, Johnny Cope

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Laptop Program Comes to an End • Digital Humanities Opportunities Take Off • Here's Why the Wi-Fi has Been so Rough This Semester • International Perspective: A Student's Thoughts on Technology Use While Living Abroad • Exploring Campus Culture in a Plugged-In World • Revisiting Ursinus' Lost Connection to Computer History • Opinions: Excessive Technology Use Harms Student Learning; Students Should Use Technology to Stay Organized • What They Want: Athletes Speak About Dream Equipment • Ursinus HEART Lab at the Cutting Edge of Cardiovascular Research


The Grizzly, February 16, 2017, Brian Thomas, Courtney A. Duchene, Tommy Armstrong, Paige Szmodis, Katelyn King, Sienna Coleman, Luke H. Schlegel, Erin Mckinney, Leighnah L. Perkins, Nick Brough, Johnny Cope Feb 2017

The Grizzly, February 16, 2017, Brian Thomas, Courtney A. Duchene, Tommy Armstrong, Paige Szmodis, Katelyn King, Sienna Coleman, Luke H. Schlegel, Erin Mckinney, Leighnah L. Perkins, Nick Brough, Johnny Cope

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

First Semester of Philadelphia Experience a Success • College Unveils Construction Plans for The Commons • Peer Advocates Prepare for the Vagina Monologues • Q&A with Author and Activist • "By the Way, Meet Vera Stark" Tackles Race in the Glamorous World of 1930s Hollywood • History Professor Hugh Clark Reflects on Time at Ursinus • Opinions: "La La Land" Delivers on Promise of Nostalgia; Graduating Early Should Not Translate to Exclusion • Golf Ready to Swing Into Spring • Three Champions Crowned; Wrestling Advances to Regionals


Beyond Laggards And Morons: The Complicated World Of Special Education, Robert L. Osgood Feb 2017

Beyond Laggards And Morons: The Complicated World Of Special Education, Robert L. Osgood

Education's Histories

Robert L. Osgood responds to Benjamin Kelsey Kearl's biographical approach to special education in "Of Laggards and Morons."


The Grizzly, February 9, 2017, Brian Thomas, Johnny Myers, Erin Mckinney, Zixiao Lin, Sienna Coleman, Robert Rein, Courtney A. Duchene, Chris Karmilowicz, Andrew Simoncini Feb 2017

The Grizzly, February 9, 2017, Brian Thomas, Johnny Myers, Erin Mckinney, Zixiao Lin, Sienna Coleman, Robert Rein, Courtney A. Duchene, Chris Karmilowicz, Andrew Simoncini

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Ursinus Prepares for the Job, Internship and Networking Fair • Local Union Amps Up Protests on Main Street • CSCG Hosts Speaker on Flint Water Crisis • International Perspective: A Chinese Student's Thoughts on Social Life at Ursinus • Students Pitch Entrepreneurial Ideas at Philly Competition • Ursinus Unveils New Relaxation Station for Stressed-Out Students • Opinions: Nikki Haley is a Standout in Trump's Cabinet; "Moonlight" Outshines the Other Oscar Nominees • Track Running Into the Outdoor Season with High Spirits • UC Baseball Swinging for the Fences in 2017


The Grizzly, February 2, 2017, Brian Thomas, Naseem Syed, Katelyn King, Paige Szmodis, Courtney A. Duchene, Sarah Hojsak, Teddi Caputo '18, Kevin Leon, Elizabeth Myers, Nick Brough, Gerard Brown Feb 2017

The Grizzly, February 2, 2017, Brian Thomas, Naseem Syed, Katelyn King, Paige Szmodis, Courtney A. Duchene, Sarah Hojsak, Teddi Caputo '18, Kevin Leon, Elizabeth Myers, Nick Brough, Gerard Brown

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Former Dean Files Lawsuit Against Ursinus; College Denies Charges • Diversity Committee Questions Campus Climate • Q&A with New Board Chair, Robert Wonderling • Changes to CIE Questions and Curriculum in Fall • Portraits of Protest: UC Students Take on Women's March in D.C. • First-Person Perspective: Student Curator Shares Experience • Opinions: Betsy DeVos is a Danger to Our Education System; Scott Pruitt's EPA Will Put Our Climate at Risk • Women's Swimming on Pace to be Top of the Conference Again • Gymnastics Team Vaults Into Action • Message from the Grizzly Editorial Staff


Kentucky Council For Community Education (Sc 3081), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Jan 2017

Kentucky Council For Community Education (Sc 3081), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding Aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 3081. Memos and agenda for a meeting to be held to discuss a statewide coalition to support community education.


2017 Mlk Keynote Emory Douglas Program, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Emory Douglas Jan 2017

2017 Mlk Keynote Emory Douglas Program, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Emory Douglas

Martin Luther King, Jr. Series

Program for the 2017 MLK Keynote Address: Emory Douglas. An artist, educator and human rights activist, Emory Douglas served as the Minister of Culture for the Black Panther Party from 1967-80. Best known for his political drawings and cartoons in the Black Panther Newspaper, he articulated the injustices experienced by African Americans living in the inner city, the growing militancy and organization among urban black youth in the face of police violence and the need for community-based social programs. 2017 MLK Keynote, Emory Douglas discusses the process, meaning and impact of his artwork then and now.


2017 Mlk Keynote Emory Douglas Educational Foldout, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Emory Douglas Jan 2017

2017 Mlk Keynote Emory Douglas Educational Foldout, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Emory Douglas

Martin Luther King, Jr. Series

Educational foldout for the 2017 MLK Keynote Address: Emory Douglas. An artist, educator and human rights activist, Emory Douglas served as the Minister of Culture for the Black Panther Party from 1967-80. Best known for his political drawings and cartoons in the Black Panther Newspaper, he articulated the injustices experienced by African Americans living in the inner city, the growing militancy and organization among urban black youth in the face of police violence and the need for community-based social programs. 2017 MLK Keynote, Emory Douglas discusses the process, meaning and impact of his artwork then and now.


2017 Mlk Keynote Emory Douglas Educational Foldout, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Emory Douglas Jan 2017

2017 Mlk Keynote Emory Douglas Educational Foldout, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Emory Douglas

Martin Luther King, Jr. Series

Educational foldout for the 2017 MLK Keynote Address: Emory Douglas. An artist, educator and human rights activist, Emory Douglas served as the Minister of Culture for the Black Panther Party from 1967-80. Best known for his political drawings and cartoons in the Black Panther Newspaper, he articulated the injustices experienced by African Americans living in the inner city, the growing militancy and organization among urban black youth in the face of police violence and the need for community-based social programs. 2017 MLK Keynote, Emory Douglas discusses the process, meaning and impact of his artwork then and now.


2017 Mlk Keynote Emory Douglas Program, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Emory Douglas Jan 2017

2017 Mlk Keynote Emory Douglas Program, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Emory Douglas

Martin Luther King, Jr. Series

Program for the 2017 MLK Keynote Address: Emory Douglas. An artist, educator and human rights activist, Emory Douglas served as the Minister of Culture for the Black Panther Party from 1967-80. Best known for his political drawings and cartoons in the Black Panther Newspaper, he articulated the injustices experienced by African Americans living in the inner city, the growing militancy and organization among urban black youth in the face of police violence and the need for community-based social programs. 2017 MLK Keynote, Emory Douglas discusses the process, meaning and impact of his artwork then and now.


Press Release, Taylor University Jan 2017

Press Release, Taylor University

Martin Luther King Jr. Day Programs and Schedules

Press release of the 2017 Martin Luther King Jr. Day celebration at Taylor University.


The Rule, Marylou And Jerome Bongiorno Jan 2017

The Rule, Marylou And Jerome Bongiorno

The Journal of Traditions & Beliefs

No abstract provided.


Out Of Chaos: Reflections Of A University President And His Contemporaries On Vietnam-Era Unrest In Mankato And Its Relevance Today, James F. Nickerson Jan 2017

Out Of Chaos: Reflections Of A University President And His Contemporaries On Vietnam-Era Unrest In Mankato And Its Relevance Today, James F. Nickerson

MSU Authors Collection

Out of Chaos: Reflections of a University President and his Contemporaries on Vietnam-era Unrest in Mankato and its Relevance Today is a collection of personal reminiscences that provide a glimpse into what Mankato was like during the 1960s and 1970s. The book was created by Dr. James F. Nickerson, former Mankato State College president, with input from a variety of graduates, faculty, administrators and citizens who were witnesses to these local events. It is by piecing these stories together that the reader gets an understanding of this dynamic time period and how one person can make a difference in the …


Design-Based Research Mobile Gaming For Learning Jewish History, Tikkun Olam, And Civics, Owen Gottlieb Jan 2017

Design-Based Research Mobile Gaming For Learning Jewish History, Tikkun Olam, And Civics, Owen Gottlieb

Articles

How can Design-Based Research (DBR) be used in the study of video games, religious literacy, and learning? DBR uses a variety of pragmatically selected mixed methods approaches to design learning interventions. Researchers, working with educators and learners, design and co-design learning artifacts and environments. They analyze those artifacts and environments as they are used by educators and learners, and then iterate based on mixed methods data analysis. DBR is suited for any "rich contextualized setting in which people have agency." (Hoadley 2013) such as formal or informal learning environments.

The case covered in this chapter is a mobile Augmented Reality …


Historical Analysis: Tracking, Problematizing, And Reterritorializing Achievement And The Achievement Gap, Justin Olmanson, Zoe Falls, Guieswende Rouamba Jan 2017

Historical Analysis: Tracking, Problematizing, And Reterritorializing Achievement And The Achievement Gap, Justin Olmanson, Zoe Falls, Guieswende Rouamba

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

For more than a century, state and federal governments and organizations have used different measures to determine if students and groups of students have achieved in a particular subject or grade level. While the construct of achievement is applied irrespective of student differences, this equal application turns out to be anything but equitable. In this chapter, we work to understand the way achievement plays out for Black students by deconstructing how the word achievement works. In doing so, we track the history of education, testing, and curriculum as it has been applied to Black youth and youth of color.