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Full-Text Articles in United States History

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Stojanowski, Mission Cemeteries, Mission Peoples: Historical and Evolutionary Dimensions of Intracemetery Bioarchaeology in Spanish Florida. by Robert L. Thunen; Block, Ordinary Lives in the Early Caribbean: Religion, Colonial Competition, and the Politics of Profit. by Kris Lane; Watson, Jackson's Sword: The Army Officer Corps on the American Frontier, 1810-1821. by Jimmy L. Bryan Jr; Harvey, Moses,Jesus, and the Trickster in the Evangelical South. by Bill J. Leonard; Taylor, Reconstructing the Native South: American Indian Literature and the Lost Cause. by Mick Gidley; Zieger, Life and Labor in the New New South. by Erik S. Gellman; Kahrl, The Land Was Ours: …


The John's Committee: A Historiographic Essay, Judith G. Poucher May 2022

The John's Committee: A Historiographic Essay, Judith G. Poucher

Florida Historical Quarterly

As more Johns Committee sources become available in both traditional and online format, scholars can benefit rom an analysis of key primary and secondary sources on the Committee. This essay examines the evolution of Johns Committee historiography, originating with Steven F. Lawson and followed by the works of James Schnur, Stacy Braukman, Judith Poucher, and Karen L. Graves. The latter four authors are the only scholars who have written both book-length studies and articles solely on the Committee. The essay concludes with a review of recent developments inJohns Committee historiography.


Bootlegging Aliens: Unsanctioned Immigration And The Underground Economy Of Smuggling From Cuba During Prohibition, Lisa Lindquist Dorr May 2022

Bootlegging Aliens: Unsanctioned Immigration And The Underground Economy Of Smuggling From Cuba During Prohibition, Lisa Lindquist Dorr

Florida Historical Quarterly

Adolinae Marcinskas seems an unlikely candidate to be derided as an illegal immigrant. She had lived in New Jersey from 1907 to 1921, married there and had two children who were American citizens. But for some reason, her husband convinced her that life would be better back in their native Lithuania, and in 1921 he sent her and her children there, promising that he would soon follow. He never did, and in December 1922, she decided to return to the United States on her own, hoping to reunite with her husband. As a woman traveling alone, however, entering the United …


A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot Of 1920, Carlee Hoffmann May 2022

A Perfect Storm: The Ocoee Riot Of 1920, Carlee Hoffmann

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the morning of November 2, 1920, Moses Norman went to the polls in his hometown of Ocoee, Florida, to cast his ballot. Norman was a prominent black man in the small community, owning property that included a productive citrus grove. When he tried to vote, the poll workers turned him away and told him to go home, claiming that he had not properly registered or paid his poll tax. Norman then drove the thirteen miles to Orlando, where he met with John M. Cheney, a prominent Orlando lawyer, Republican candidate for the United States Senate, and trustee of Rollins …


Perfectly Still No More: Unionists In Confederate Northeast Florida, T. W. Upchurch May 2022

Perfectly Still No More: Unionists In Confederate Northeast Florida, T. W. Upchurch

Florida Historical Quarterly

James William Allen's career as a Confederate soldier lasted only six months; he doubled over with a hernia and was discharged on the last day of 1861.2 His reaction to this medical condition is unknown since Allen left no letters,journal, or public pronouncement. Did he have dreams of military glory that were squashed by his rather inglorious medical condition? After all, Allen's unit, the St. Augustine Blues, had moved only 60 miles up the road to Fernandina.3 He had not left his home state nor, we assume, had he fired a weapon except to practice his marksmanship. However, judging by …


Title Page, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 93, Number 1. Includes the Table of Contents


Cumulative Index, Volume 92, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Cumulative Index, Volume 92, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.


Florida History In Publications, 2013, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Florida History In Publications, 2013, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.


End Notes, Florida Historical Society May 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Florida Historical Society Archaelogical Institute (FHSAI); Florida Frontiers: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Historical Society 2014 Award Recipients; Dorothy Dodd Lifetime Achievement Award; Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts; Florida Historical Quarterly Joins JSTOR; Florida Historical Quarterly now on Facebook; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Foster, Climate and Culture Change in North America AD 900-1600. by David McCally; Din, War on the Gulf Coast: The Spanish Fight against William Augustus Bowles. by Kristofer Ray; Millett, The Maroons of Prospect Bluff and Their Quest for Freedom in the Atlantic World. by Jeffrey L. Fortney; Lawson, Jim Crow's Counterculture: The Blues and Black Southerners, 1890-1945. by Court Carney; Reid and Bennett, eds., Beyond Forty Acres and a Mule: African American Landowning Families since Reconstruction. by Dolita D. Cathcart; Boyd, Georgia Democrats, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Shaping of the New South. by Sarah H. Brown; De …


Nature On A Leash: Tourism, Development, And The Environment On Amelia Island, Florida, Patrick H. Cosby May 2022

Nature On A Leash: Tourism, Development, And The Environment On Amelia Island, Florida, Patrick H. Cosby

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the 2002 film, Sunshine State, writer and director John Sayles fictionalizes the recent history of Amelia Island, Florida. Sayles tells the tale of how unscrupulous developers attempted to acquire the most valuable beachfront properties from local African-American residents to build condominiums and golf courses, transforming Florida's weather and environment into a commodity to be sold to northern retirees and vacationers. Like the developers in Sunshine State, the Amelia Island Plantation sold dreams of "nature on a leash."1 Beginning in the early 1970s, the Amelia Island Plantation and its planners imposed a meticulously crafted, and prohibitively exclusive, version of living …


Race, Education, And Regionalism: The Long And Troubling History Of School Desegregation In The Sunshine State, Irvin D. S. Winsboro May 2022

Race, Education, And Regionalism: The Long And Troubling History Of School Desegregation In The Sunshine State, Irvin D. S. Winsboro

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1845, as Florida joined the Union, the state legislature promulgated a law which stated that any "assemblies ... by free negroes and mulattoes, slave or slaves, shall be punished ... with a fine not exceeding twenty dollars, or stripes, not exceeding thirty-nine." This measure, along with extensive and punitive slave codes, virtually eliminated opportunities to establish African American schools in the newest slaveholding state. Florida, true to the code of the white South, wanted to eliminate opportunities for slaves and free blacks to congregate and to pursue education for their children. Although based on the pervasive racial norms of …


The Role Of Cattle Ranching In The 1656 Timucuan Rebellion: A Struggle For Land, Labor, And Chiefly Power, Justin B. Blanton May 2022

The Role Of Cattle Ranching In The 1656 Timucuan Rebellion: A Struggle For Land, Labor, And Chiefly Power, Justin B. Blanton

Florida Historical Quarterly

Late in the spring of 1656, the principle cacique of Timucua, Lucas Menendez, led a group of twenty Indians on an attack of the La Chua cattle ranch of north Florida.1 The raiding Indians murdered a Spanish soldier and two African slaves in addition to slaughtering all the cattle. Lucas Menendez spared the surprised ranch owner, Juan Menendez Marquez, but ordered him to abandon the ranch and leave Florida for Spain.2 These events, together with four other murders in the Western Timucua mission province, are known as the Timucuan rebellion.


An "Underground Railway" To Pensacola And The Impending Crisis Over Slavery, Matthew J. Clavin May 2022

An "Underground Railway" To Pensacola And The Impending Crisis Over Slavery, Matthew J. Clavin

Florida Historical Quarterly

In June 1850, several months before the United States Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law, a runaway slave from Pensacola, Florida, became embroiled in the growing sectional conflict. The bondsman's name was Adam, and he was a twenty-one year old blacksmith at the Pensacola Navy Yard who snuck aboard the brig Mary Farrow just prior to its departure for New England. When the ship's captain discovered the stowaway in the ship's hold three days after embarking, he ordered a keelhauling, an archaic punishment whereby victims were thrown overboard and dragged by a rope underneath the boat's keel; the crew refused …


Title Page, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 92, Number 4. Includes the Table of Contents


End Notes, Florida Historical Society May 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Memorium: Patrick Smith (1927-2014); Annual Meeting and Symposium of the Florida Historical Society; The FLorida Historical Society Archaelogical Institute (FHSAI); Florida Frontiers: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts; Florida Historical Quarterly Joins JSTOR; Florida Historical Quarterly now on Facebook; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Jennings, New Worlds of Violence: Cultures and Conquests in the Early American Southeast. by David A. Nichols; Frank and Kilbride, eds, Southern Character: Essays in Honor of Bertram Wyatt-Broum. by Adam Tate; Carey, Sold Down the River: Slavery in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley of Alabama and Georgia. by Lauren K. Thompson; Bush, I Fear I Shall Never Leave This Island: Life in a Civil War Prison. by Steven J. Ramold; Barnes, ed., The Materiality of Freedom: Archaeologies of Postemanicipation Life. by Stacy Pratt McDermott; Way, Conerving Southern Longleaf: Herbert Stoddard and the Rise of Ecological Land Management. by Tom Okie; …


Colonialism On The Spanish Florida Frontier: Mission San Luis, 1656-1704, Bonnie G. Mcewan May 2022

Colonialism On The Spanish Florida Frontier: Mission San Luis, 1656-1704, Bonnie G. Mcewan

Florida Historical Quarterly

The status of indigenous chiefs in the Americas was acknowledged by Spaniards in 1492.1 This resulted in a hierarchical social order of republics, including "a Republic of Spaniards, a Republic of Indians, and a "third order" of free blacks and mixed bloods ... presumed to have an African taint."2 During the seventeenth century, this framework became an important element in structuring the Indies and other colonies such as La Florida.3 In exchange for allegiance and tribute obligations, chiefs received special privileges, immunities, honorific titles, and material gifts that reinforced their status. However, the recognition of native nobility and indigenous political …


Pirate, Priest, And Slave: Spanish Florida In The 1668 Searles Raid, Diana Reigelsperger May 2022

Pirate, Priest, And Slave: Spanish Florida In The 1668 Searles Raid, Diana Reigelsperger

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the night of May 28, 1668, an English pirate named Robert Searles launched a raid on the city of St. Augustine, Florida. He stole silver and other valuable goods, held for ransom the daughters of wealthy families, and carried off black and Native American residents to sell as slaves to the labor-hungry Caribbean.1 Governor Francisco de la Guerra y de la Vega (1664-1671) managed to reach the fort with some of the soldiers and prevent the pirates from taking it, but he could not stop them from sacking the city. Before leaving, Searles measured the depth of the water …


St. Augustine In The Seventeenth-Century: Capital Of La Florida, Susan Richbourg Parker May 2022

St. Augustine In The Seventeenth-Century: Capital Of La Florida, Susan Richbourg Parker

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1600 St. Augustine was the only European settlement in today's United States and the capital of Spain's territory known as La Florida.1 The city was thirty-five years old as the sixteenth century blended into the seventeenth. Threats to St. Augustine's survival began and ended the seventeenth century. The Spanish crown's 1602 investigation about whether to retain St. Augustine began the century. A hundred years later the 1702 siege and burning by invaders from English Carolina ended the century. In between those events, St. Augustine endured decades of epidemics and the rise of piracy. The last third of the century …


The Historical Archaeology Of Seventeeth-Century La Florida, Bonnie G. Mcewan May 2022

The Historical Archaeology Of Seventeeth-Century La Florida, Bonnie G. Mcewan

Florida Historical Quarterly

At the beginning of the seventeenth century, St. Augustine was still recovering from Francis Drake's 1586 raid during which the town and fields were ravaged.1 Officials were also evaluating the fallout from the 1597 Guale Rebellion during which four of the five friars working among the native peoples were killed, and rebuilding the town following a devastating fire in 1599. If not for St. Augustine's strategic location and perceived progress in the religious conversion of natives, Florida might well have been abandoned at the turn of the century. As it turned out, the next century would be the period of …


"These People Are Not Conquered Like Those Of New Spain": Florida's Reciprocal Colonial Compact, Amy Turner Bushnell May 2022

"These People Are Not Conquered Like Those Of New Spain": Florida's Reciprocal Colonial Compact, Amy Turner Bushnell

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1605, Pedro de Ybarra, Governor of Florida, sent a terse note to Fray Benito de Blasco, a missionary who had gone behind his back to send his own envoy to the wild coast south of St. Augustine. "These people are not conquered like those of New Spain," he warned him. "This is a new land."1 As the Spanish extended their influence over the New World, they encountered a broad range of environments and peoples, and how they related to them differed from place to place. The maritime periphery of Florida, which included parts of present-day South Carolina, Georgia, and …


The Geopolitics Of Seventeenth-Century Florida, Jane Landers May 2022

The Geopolitics Of Seventeenth-Century Florida, Jane Landers

Florida Historical Quarterly

Scholars have dubbed the seventeenth century Spain's "Century of Depression." European wars and a cycle of disastrous droughts and epidemics (1597-1602, 1640s and 1680s) followed by famines severely strained Spain's financial and administrative resources. The general crisis was exacerbated by declines in American silver revenues caused by the demographic collapse of the native labor pools in New Spain and Peru. These multiple disasters combined to bring low the once glorious Spanish empire. After a series of bankruptcies Spain resorted to devaluing its currency. To prop up the enfeebled state, it impounded private silver, refused to pay debts, and finally was …


The Historiography Of Seventeeth-Century La Florida, Jane Landers May 2022

The Historiography Of Seventeeth-Century La Florida, Jane Landers

Florida Historical Quarterly

The historiography of seventeenth-century La Florida (which Spain claimed reached from the Florida Keys north to Newfoundland and west to "the mines of Mexico") is, like the Spanish empire itself, less rich than its sixteenth-century counterpart. This is primarily because the declension narrative for this period lacks the drama of the early explorations and the martyrdoms of devoted missionaries which were the focus of much of the sixteenth-century literature. Most scholars trained in colonial Latin American history, as I was, focused not on Florida, but rather on sites deemed more important: the great indigenous empires and Spanish conquests of New …


500 Years Of Florida History--The Seventeenth Century, Connie L. Lester May 2022

500 Years Of Florida History--The Seventeenth Century, Connie L. Lester

Florida Historical Quarterly

Seventeenth-century Florida little resembled the region Ponce de Leon first visited in 1513. Various indigenous peoples still dominated the peninsula but their numbers had dramatically declined over the years due to disease, warfare, and migration. Thousands of Europeans visited the locale during the 1600s, many of them planning to stay permanently, few of them actually doing so, and most failing to realize their economic, religious or imperial goals there. Africans and African Americans also lived in the region and its hinterlands, though the majority did so under circumstances they would not have chosen. Partially as a result, by 1700 Florida …


Title Page, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 92, Number 3. Includes the Table of Contents


End Notes, Florida Historical Society May 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Call for Papers, Annual Meeting and Symposium of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Frontiers: The Weekly Radio Magazine of the Florida Historical Society; Florida Historical Quarterly Podcasts; Florida Historical Quarterly Joins JSTOR; Florida Historical Quarterly now on Facebook; Lawton M. Chiles Center for Florida History Presents the 2013-2014 Florida Lecture Series; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


A Word Of Thanks, Florida Historical Society May 2022

A Word Of Thanks, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society May 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Carr, Digging Miami. by Ryan J. Wheeler; Marotti, Heaven's Soldiers: Free People of Color and the Spanish Legacy in Antebellum Rorida. by Patricia C. Griffin; Beeby, ed., Populism in the South Revisited: New Interpretations and New Departures. by Evan P. Bennett; Brundage, ed., Beyond Blackface: African Americans and the Creation of Popular Culture, 1890-1930. by Valerie Babb; Hersey, My Work Is That of Conservation: An Environmental Biography of George Washington Carver. by Ellen Griffith Spears; Godfrey and Catton, River of Interest: Water Management in South Rorida and the Everglades, 1948-2010. by Chris Wilhelm; Caro, The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The …


Our Experience In The History Of The Middle District Of Florida And The Speedy Trial Clause Of The Sixth Amendment, William J. Sheppard May 2022

Our Experience In The History Of The Middle District Of Florida And The Speedy Trial Clause Of The Sixth Amendment, William J. Sheppard

Florida Historical Quarterly

Marc Doggett was charged by indictment with conspiracy to import and distribute cocaine. He called and made an appointment a few days after he had been arrested in Reston, Virginia. The case itself was in Jacksonville, Florida, so he came to Jacksonville and hired us. I'm not altogether clear how Mr. Doggett found me, but the minute I met him, I knew what his avenue of escape from the clutches of the United States might be. I recall meeting with Marc in the conference room in the afternoon and, during the course of our conversation, I had the folks in …