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Articles 31 - 60 of 218
Full-Text Articles in Oral History
Interview No. 1409, Erasmo Corral
Interview No. 1409, Erasmo Corral
Combined Interviews
In 1943, Mr. Corral went though the contracting center in Queretaro, México to enlist in the bracero program; he was medically examined before being transferred to the United States by train; as a bracero, he worked on railroads and in cotton fields; he goes on to detail the various worksites, camp sizes, living conditions, accommodations, provisions, duties, routines, treatment, payments, deductions, remittances, correspondence and recreational activities; his first contract with Western Pacific began in San Francisco, California and ended in Flanigan, Nevada; he started by working on the railroad tracks with a shovel, and he gradually progressed to a foreman’s …
Interview With Charlie Micoleau By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Charles 'Charlie' J. Micoleau
Interview With Charlie Micoleau By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Charles 'Charlie' J. Micoleau
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Charles J. “Charlie” Micoleau was born on February 2, 1942, in Englewood, New Jersey. He attended Bowdoin College, graduating in 1963. He earned a master’s degree in international relations at Johns Hopkins University in 1965 and received his J.D. from George Washington University in 1977. Micoleau worked in Maine for an anti-poverty program in 1965, and eventually worked his way into the Maine Democratic Party ranks. He was a scheduler for Senator Muskie’s 1970 campaign and was his administrative assistant from 1975 to 1977. From 1984 through 1992, he was a member of the Democratic National Committee. At …
Interview No. 1410, Rafael Cortez
Interview No. 1410, Rafael Cortez
Combined Interviews
Mr. Cortez talks about his family and childhood; he recalls knowing about the lists of workers eligible to enlist in the bracero program and wanting to go, but his father did not approve; when he finally agreed, Rafael traveled, by bus, with other men from his hometown to the processing center in México, Distrito Federal; many had never been in the city and were shocked; he describes the necessary paperwork, waiting for two months and how they used a system of colored coins; from there he was transported by train to the United States; many men left, because they were …
Interview With Sonny Miller By Mike Hastings, Sanford 'Sonny' Miller
Interview With Sonny Miller By Mike Hastings, Sanford 'Sonny' Miller
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Sanford “Sonny” Miller was born in Bangor, Maine, on January 18, 1927, to Myer and Rena Miller. He grew up in Bangor and completed a commercial course of study at Bangor High School, graduating in 1944. He enlisted in the Navy V-6 program at the age of seventeen and served in the Pacific theater of World War II, working as a storekeeper in the Philippines. He was discharged in 1946 and spent a year studying at Bentley University in Boston, and he was a bookkeeper for Hammond Motors for two years. He worked in the jukebox and pinball …
Interview With John And Marcia Diamond By Mike Hastings, John N. Diamond, Marcia L. Diamond
Interview With John And Marcia Diamond By Mike Hastings, John N. Diamond, Marcia L. Diamond
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
John Nathan Diamond was born on November 12, 1954, in Bangor, Maine. His father, Nathan Diamond, was a musician and a teacher, and his mother, Eleanor Diamond, was active in the community and in local politics. John followed politics with his parents, who were registered Republicans until 1978 when they changed their party affiliation and became Democrats. As a teenager, John volunteered for Elmer Violette and Bill Hathaway in 1972. After graduating from Bangor High School, he attended the University of Maine, graduating in 1977. He became involved in the Carter and Muskie campaigns of 1976. He worked …
Interview With Al And Ruth Joseph By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Alfred 'Al' Joseph, Ruth Ann Joseph
Interview With Al And Ruth Joseph By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Alfred 'Al' Joseph, Ruth Ann Joseph
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Alfred “Al” Joseph was born on March 23, 1933, in Waterville, Maine, where he grew up and attended Colby College. He worked his way through college, paying the $500 tuition by working at the municipal pool during the summer and teaching swimming at the Boys Club during the school year. He and Ruth married while he was still in college, and their first child was born right before Al’s graduation. After college, he went into the military for two years and took a job at Hathaway Shirt, where he worked for thirty-seven years. He served as the chair …
Interview No. 1412, Genaro Garza
Interview No. 1412, Genaro Garza
Combined Interviews
Mr. Garza briefly talks about his family; some of his uncles lived in the United States, and he longed to do the same; in addition, he knew of other men who had worked with the bracero program and returned with money; he did not see much of a future for himself in México and saw the program as a way to have a better life; to begin the contracting process, he traveled to México, Distrito Federal; he recounts the entire process, including the difficulties he faced, having to wait for two months and the medical exams he endured; after getting …
Interview No. 1420, Eduardo Saldaña
Interview No. 1420, Eduardo Saldaña
Combined Interviews
Eduardo was born in a town (rancho) called Ojos de Agua, located within the Greater México City urban area, in 1920. From the age of five, Eduardo worked with him father, brothers and uncles sowing and plowing in México. When he was 16, he moved to México City. In 1943 after hearing about the Bracero Program in a national ad, Eduardo took a chance to make more money and have a better opportunity through the program. Eduardo and one of his brothers came to the United States via train and were provided food during their travel, courtesy of their new …
Interview With Marcia Gartley By Mike Hastings, Marcia Ann Gartley
Interview With Marcia Gartley By Mike Hastings, Marcia Ann Gartley
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Marcia Ann (Bacha) Gartley was born on October 2, 1952, in Bradford, Pennsylvania. She grew up in Rixford, Pennsylvania, in the Appalachian Mountains, with her mother Mary, her father George, and three brothers. Her father worked in the Pennsylvania oil fields. She attended the University of Pittsburgh, majoring in political science. She moved to Maine in the 1970s and in 1987 began to work in Senator George Mitchell’s Presque Isle office as a case worker. She has remained active in Aroostook County Democratic politics, serving as city chair, county chair, and treasurer. She has also worked for Governor …
Interview With Floyd Harding By Mike Hastings, Floyd L. Harding
Interview With Floyd Harding By Mike Hastings, Floyd L. Harding
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Floyd L. Harding was born on August, 26, 1923, in Albion, Maine. His father was a rural mail carrier and his family lived and ran a small family farm. He is one of twelve children (10 boys and 2 girls). He attended Bessey High School in Albion and Colby College. He served in the Army for three years, where he was taken prisoner-of-war. In 1949, he received his law degree from Boston University; he then moved to Presque Isle, Maine, and has practiced law there ever since. He worked for the Maine Potato Growers as assistant general counselor …
Interview With Patrick Hunt By Mike Hastings, Patrick E. Hunt
Interview With Patrick Hunt By Mike Hastings, Patrick E. Hunt
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Patrick E. Hunt was born on August 19, 1946, in Bangor, Maine, and grew up in Island Falls with his parents, Theodore E. Hunt and Margaret I. Doherty, and his three sisters. Theodore attended Husson College, and operated a restaurant in Island Falls until the 1960s, when he became the village postmaster; Margaret was from Boston, a graduate of Charlestown High School, and of Irish descent from Clonmany County, Donegal. Patrick attended Ricker College, entered the Army in 1968, and served in Korea; he completed his degree in economics at Ricker in 1971. Subsequently, he joined the Drug …
Interview With Arnold Roach By Mike Hastings, G. Arnold Roach
Interview With Arnold Roach By Mike Hastings, G. Arnold Roach
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
George “Arnold” Roach was born in Rockland, Maine, on July 28th, 1929, to Nora Nelson Roach and Herbert Ezio Roach. He grew up in Houlton and summered in Rockland. His father, Herbert Roach, was a potato farmer, buyer, and machinery dealer. Arnold attended the University of Maine and in 1951 joined the National Guard. While farming potatoes in Aroostook County, he served on the National Potato Promotion Board as board president and acted as an adviser to Mitchell on Maine’s agricultural issues. He was a part of the Clinton-Gore transition team for the Department of Agriculture and worked …
Interview No. 1589, Bill Stone
Interview No. 1589, Bill Stone
Combined Interviews
Discusses using Mexican labor from 1954 to 1959 to pick cotton. Difficulties with Labor Department inspectors prompts family to discontinue using Mexican labor and to purchase cotton picker. Discusses sending money home for the Mexicans.
Interview No. 1602, Fred Bourland
Interview No. 1602, Fred Bourland
Combined Interviews
He remembers working on his father’s farmland; he picked cotton, soy beans, and wheat alongside Mexican workers; buses would bring in black men who worked as choppers, while white migrant workers, worked as pickers; Mexican workers were brought in when extra labor was needed, they would be subcontracted out to smaller farms; he remembers seeing 50 to 100 men working alongside one another; the Mexican workers were housed in barracks and slept in army cots; he recalls the Farm Bureau and Extension Agents in the fields, inspecting the conditions of the workers; he states that Mexican men were hard working …
Interview No. 1582, Sam Mcneill
Interview No. 1582, Sam Mcneill
Combined Interviews
Farmer in England, Arkansas, who employed Bracero in late 1950’s. Employed 90 Mexicans. Housed in old school. Dispute over wages settled by Mexican Consulate. He learned well digging techniques. Worker purchased gun and accidently shot himself in leg.
Interview No. 1588, Wonda Lou Wonicar, Norma Emison
Interview No. 1588, Wonda Lou Wonicar, Norma Emison
Combined Interviews
Born Caraway ARK Oct 10 1939. Many family farms. Parents farmed. Went to school in Caroway grades 1-4-5-12. During school year had to chop and pick cotton. Split school term. Father employed Mexicans during 50's. Formed an association and one man would go to the border and bring large number back on Murphy farm approx. 25. Would fix up houses accommodation for them. Farm owner would do this. Mexicans were a great help on the farm. Doesn't remember other than Mexicans being contracted to the farm. Norma worked at a store in Caraway. Mexicans would buy good such as clothes …
Interview No. 1599, Dolores Atkins
Interview No. 1599, Dolores Atkins
Combined Interviews
She recalls that Parkin was a farm community and everyone worked in the fields; her parents encouraged her and her six siblings to get an education, but states that no one went to school during picking season; she explains that on Saturday families would take their children to pick cotton and would get to keep what they earned; she details the segregation in town, explaining how they ordered food from a service window marked blacks; she remembers that everyone stuck with their own race; consequently, Mexicans only came into town for liquor and food, then returned to their barracks; she …
Interview No. 1580, James Bourland
Interview No. 1580, James Bourland
Combined Interviews
Mr. Bourland said his father did not employed braceros on their farm, so he had no direct contact with them.
Interview No. 1590, Don Stallings
Interview No. 1590, Don Stallings
Combined Interviews
Father farmer 2000 acres of cotton and owned/operated a gin at Yarrow, AR. From 1963, his father contracted for 300 bracero laborers. Constructional and maintains the Mexican barrotes on his farm. Contracted with a Texas Mexican Jesus Salinas to provide andmanage all of the laborers. Length of
Interview No. 1592, Marion Haynes
Interview No. 1592, Marion Haynes
Combined Interviews
Discusses interaction with Mexican laborers. The Mexican Barracks on the Stallings farm and the ‘frame time’. Activities of the laborers
Interview No. 1581, Harrison Locke
Interview No. 1581, Harrison Locke
Combined Interviews
African-American farmer. No braceros on his farm but he remember them in tour on plantations. Machines just beginning to come in. became a principal of school, taught for a years. Taught 56- 62. Remember 1st cotton picker. Describe conditions in farm. Discussing segregation. What’s not picking as much cotton. Mercanization people out of the area to Midwestern cities. Rice area. Also stopped Mexican migrant worker. Discusses the importance of training. College as UA-PB. Workeron the farm as a kid. Father Abb Locke, mother Rubby Locke; 3 younger brothers. Late 1940's, early 1950’s no machines. They had houses on the farm …
Interview No. 1591, Jonathan Abbot
Interview No. 1591, Jonathan Abbot
Combined Interviews
Describes the vivid colors of the crew leaders trades. He comments on the laborers purchasing trade singer sewing machines to take back to Mexico. Discusses housing and social interaction at the Mexican barracks on the Stallings farm at Yarbro, AR.
Interview With Janet Dennis By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Janet M. Dennis
Interview With Janet Dennis By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Janet M. Dennis
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Janet Mary Dennis was born on September 5, 1945, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Clemenza Rowlandson Sullivan and William Aloysius Sullivan. Her father was a postal inspector and her mother was a parochial schoolteacher. Janet grew up in Waterville, Maine, and was the youngest of five children. She attended Thomas College. In May of 1965, she spent a year as Senator Muskie’s secretary in Washington, D.C., and then became the office manager in Muskie’s Waterville and Augusta state Senate offices. She also did work for the Senate Public Works Committee on the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution under …
Interview No. 1579, Sam Ashworth
Interview No. 1579, Sam Ashworth
Combined Interviews
Mexican just bought what was a needed canned goods. Mechanization station, late 1950’s into 1960’s. Asked about a good incident and a bad incident. Would go into Blade Club’s. Black women would make money. Mexicans married black women. Length
Interview No. 1593, Max Render
Interview No. 1593, Max Render
Combined Interviews
Relates his memory of bracero cotton picker cohosted through local and employed by his father. Discusses their work and living conditions. Also talks briefly of other tasks performed by bracero labor.
Interview No. 1417, Samuel Pérez
Interview No. 1417, Samuel Pérez
Combined Interviews
Mr. Pérez talks about his family and what his life was like growing up; during the midfifties, when he was nineteen years old, he worked delivering Pepsi, and a customer gave him the necessary documents to enlist in the bracero program; he traveled to Irapuato, Guanajuato, México to begin the contracting process, and he describes the requirements and entire process, including medical exams; as a bracero, he worked in the fields, picking, weighing, irrigating and driving a tractor, as well as caring for livestock and other ranch duties; he goes on to detail the various worksites, camp sizes, housing, accommodations, …
Interview With George Mitchell (2) By Andrea L’Hommedieu And Mike Hastings, George J. Mitchell
Interview With George Mitchell (2) By Andrea L’Hommedieu And Mike Hastings, George J. Mitchell
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
George J. Mitchell was born on August 20, 1933, in Waterville, Maine, to Mary Saad, a factory worker, and George Mitchell, a laborer. Senator Mitchell spent his youth in Waterville. After receiving his bachelor's degree from Bowdoin College in 1954, he served as an officer in the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps until 1956. In 1960 he earned a law degree from Georgetown University. Mitchell worked for Senator Edmund S. Muskie as executive assistant and as deputy campaign manager during Muskie's 1972 presidential campaign. He later became U.S. senator (D-Maine) 1980-1995, Senate majority leader 1989-1995, and, upon his …
Interview With Mary And Harold Friedman By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Mary Mitchell Friedman, Harold J. Friedman
Interview With Mary And Harold Friedman By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Mary Mitchell Friedman, Harold J. Friedman
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Mary (Mitchell) Friedman was born on September 30, 1957, in Waterville, Maine, one of seven siblings and niece to George Mitchell. Her father, Robert “Robbie” Mitchell, worked for the FDIC, and her mother, Janet (Fraser) Mitchell, was an elementary school teacher. Mary grew up in Waterville, attending St. Joseph’s school, Waterville Junior High School, Waterville High School, and then she continued on to Colby College. She earned her law degree from the University of Maine School of Law and practiced law for approximately fifteen years. She spent three years in Washington, D.C. as a trial lawyer for the …
Interview With Severin Beliveau By Mike Hastings, Severin Beliveau
Interview With Severin Beliveau By Mike Hastings, Severin Beliveau
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Severin Beliveau was born in Rumford, Maine, on March 15, 1938. He grew up in Rumford, where the largest industry was the paper mill. When he was sixteen he left home for St. John’s Preparatory School in Danvers, Massachusetts before attending Georgetown University, graduating in 1961. From 1961 to 1964 he studied law at Georgetown. He has been a lifelong Democrat, succeeded George J. Mitchell as chairman of the Maine Democratic Party in the late 1960s, and served on the National Committee. He helped found and served in the Democratic State Chairs Association. He was present at the …
Interview With Mert Henry By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Merton 'Mert' G. Henry
Interview With Mert Henry By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Merton 'Mert' G. Henry
George J. Mitchell Oral History Project
Biographical Note
Merton G. “Mert” Henry was born on February 4, 1926, in Hampden, Maine. He lived there with his parents and helped out at his grandfather’s general store while growing up. He moved to South Portland just before starting high school. He deferred attending Bowdoin College until 1946 in order to serve in the Army, which sent him to the Philippines. He majored in history at Bowdoin and was graduated in the class of 1950. He also earned a law degree from Georgetown Law while working on a military history project at the Pentagon during the Korean War. A …