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- University of Texas at El Paso. Institute of Oral History—interviews. (872)
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Articles 721 - 750 of 1746
Full-Text Articles in Oral History
Interview No. 1026, Miguel Arroyo Castillo
Interview No. 1026, Miguel Arroyo Castillo
Combined Interviews
Mr. Arroyo speaks at length about his family, childhood, and adolescence; after his father died, his family moved to México Distrito Federal, with an older sister; while there, he began working as a baker, and he later continued to do so between bracero contract; in 1943, he learned about the bracero program as he was passing by a stadium where contracting was taking place; he decided to enlist in the program, rather than make his debut as a boxer, because he wanted to know what life was like in the United States; after passing physical examinations, he was transported by …
Interview No. 1046, Miguel Zavala López
Interview No. 1046, Miguel Zavala López
Combined Interviews
Mr. Zavala recalls growing up in Agua Caliente, Michoacán, México, and working from an early age sowing beans, corn, garbanzos, and wheat; he joined the Bracero Program in 1955, and remembers picking asparagus, cotton, grapes, lemons, limes, peppers, strawberries and tomatoes in California and Texas; additionally, he describes the hiring process in rural areas, the bribes he had to pay to be on a selection list, his experience at the contracting center in Empalme, Sonora, México, and the long waits there; he details the hardships braceros suffered waiting to be contracted, the humiliation of the medical exams, and the bad …
Interview No. 1042, Manuel Sandoval Espino
Interview No. 1042, Manuel Sandoval Espino
Combined Interviews
Mr. Sandoval recalls growing up in Mexico City, México, and working from an early age as a street vendor, a factory employee, and a mechanic; he joined the Bracero Program in 1943, and worked in Kansas as a railroad line worker; he describes the hiring process in Mexico City, México, the help he received, the medical exams he endured, and the contract he signed; additionally, he discusses the long train trip to Kansas, and the feelings of uncertainty the braceros felt; he explains what daily life was like in Kansas, how the work was carried out, the housing they had, …
Interview No. 1040, Ignacio Ochoa
Interview No. 1040, Ignacio Ochoa
Combined Interviews
Mr. Ochoa recalls growing up in Petatlán, Guerrero, México, his mother dying when he was twelve years old, and working from an early age cutting wood; he states that he moved to Mexico City, México at the age of fifteen, and that he started working on a Mexican naval boat in 1943; he remembers joining the Bracero Program in 1957, and working in California and Washington; there he picked asparagus, avocadoes, grapes, green beans, lemons, peas, pumpkins, oranges, strawberries, and watermelon; additionally, he details what the hiring process in Empalme, Sonora, México was like, the contract he signed, and how …
Interview No. 1039, Servando Peñaloza Muñoz
Interview No. 1039, Servando Peñaloza Muñoz
Combined Interviews
Mr. Peñaloza recalls growing up in Guayameo, Guerrero, México, and working in agriculture from an early age; he remembers moving to Mexico City, México at age nineteen, and working at the Chapultepec Castle; additionally, he relates that he had to take care of his younger brother during this time; he states that he joined the Bracero Program in 1955 with an older brother, and worked in Arizona and California picking broccoli, celery, green beans, lemons, lettuce, strawberries, and tomatoes; furthermore, he describes the hiring process, his time at the contracting center in Empalme, Sonora, México, and the contracts he signed; …
Interview No. 1037, Homerlo López
Interview No. 1037, Homerlo López
Combined Interviews
Mr. Lopéz recalls growing up in Petatlán, Guerrero, México, and learning from his stepfather how to work in agriculture; he remembers planting beans, corn, and peppers from the age of eight until he was seventeen; additionally, he relates how he moved to Mexico City, México, and why he decided to join the Bracero Program in 1954; he describes the hiring process he went through, the legal requirements he needed to fulfill, the train trip to the border, and the different contracts he had; as a bracero, he worked in Arkansas, California, New Mexico, and Texas picking cantaloupes, cotton, sugar beets, …
Interview No. 1038, Heleodoro Martínez Solís
Interview No. 1038, Heleodoro Martínez Solís
Combined Interviews
Mr. Martínez recalls growing up in Metepec, Hidalgo, México, and working from an early age in agriculture and construction; he remembers that, in 1951, he joined the Bracero Program after suffering economic hardships; additionally, he describes the hiring process in rural areas, the legal requirements he needed to fulfill to get on a list of people who could become braceros, and the bribes he had to pay to get on that list; he details what the contracting centers were like in Irapuato, Guanajuato, México and Empalme, Sonora, México, the physical exams he endured, his experience in the reception center in …
Interview No. 1035, José Santos Guevara Rodríguez
Interview No. 1035, José Santos Guevara Rodríguez
Combined Interviews
Mr. Guevara Rodríguez recalls growing up in Valle de Santiago, Guanajuato, México, and sowing beans and corn from the age of eight; he relates how, when he was eighteen, he traveled to Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, and later crossed into the United States to work as an undocumented laborer; additionally, he recounts being hired by a rancher in Texas, and taken to the border to become a bracero; he describes the hiring process in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México and Empalme, Sonora, México, how braceros slept in the streets before being hired, the medical test they got, and the disinfection process they …
Interview No. 1027, Guadalupe Cano Quiroz
Interview No. 1027, Guadalupe Cano Quiroz
Combined Interviews
Mr. Cano recalls growing up in Valle de Santiago, Guanajuato, México; he remembers working with his family in agriculture until he was nineteen years old; additionally, he explains how his family’s poverty pushed him to join the Bracero Program in 1955; he details the different steps he had to fulfill to obtain a bracero contract, what his experience at the bracero processing center in El Centro, California was like, and how the disinfection process was carried; he also states that he worked in California, Nevada, and Texas picking asparagus, cantaloupes, cotton, grapes, lemons, olives, peaches, strawberries, tomatoes, and watermelons; furthermore, …
Interview No. 1030, Heriberto Cortez Cortez
Interview No. 1030, Heriberto Cortez Cortez
Combined Interviews
Mr. Cortez recalls growing up in San Isidro, Oaxaca, México; he relates how he worked planting beans, corn, and peanuts as a child, and, at age seventeen, moved to Oaxaca de Júarez, Oaxaca, México; additionally, he remembers being advised by a friend to travel to Mexico City, México to join the Bracero Program; he worked as a bracero from 1957 to 1960 in Arkansas, Minnesota, and Texas; there, he picking apples, peppers, cotton, cucumbers, and watermelons; he describes his experience at the bracero contracting center in Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, and the legal requirements he needed to fulfill for the …
Interview No. 1036, Manuel Guzmán Núñez
Interview No. 1036, Manuel Guzmán Núñez
Combined Interviews
Mr. Guzmán recalls growing up in Uriangato, Guanajuato, México, and sowing corn, garbanzo beans, and wheat at an early age; he also remembers crossing into the United States as a teenager to labor as an undocumented worker; additionally, he discusses how he joined the Bracero Program in 1957, and what his trip to the contracting center in Empalme, Sonora, México was like; he describes the different steps he went through to sign a contract, what it was like at the reception center in El Centro, California, the medical exams he endured, and the way clauses in his contract were explained; …
Interview No. 1045, Bernardino Vilchis Cesar
Interview No. 1045, Bernardino Vilchis Cesar
Combined Interviews
Mr. Vilchis recalls growing up in Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; he states that his family was part of the middle class in México, and he was trained to be an electrician; additionally, he remembers joining the Bracero Program to prove to himself that he could do hard physical labor; he worked in Arizona as a railroad line laborer from 1943 to 1948; he relates the bad impression he initially had of the program because of the train ride he was forced to endure to Querétaro, Querétaro, México in a dirty cattle car; furthermore, he describes the hiring process there, the contract …
Interview No. 1659, Anonymous
Interview No. 1659, Anonymous
Combined Interviews
He was born in the El Paso settlement called Smeltertown. His father had begun work at the ASARCO plant after arriving in the early 1900’s. He was raised by his mother and grandmother. growing up in Smeltertown, he remembers being very poor and rummaging through trash for goods. He recalls being discriminated against for being Mexican once he began working at ASARCO. Everything was segregated and higher paying jobs were only given to whites. He remembers a large sense of community among Mexican workers, from cooking to bars and stores. ASARCO had a company store which sold items at high …
Interview No. 1644, Harry Flournoy
Interview No. 1644, Harry Flournoy
Combined Interviews
He was recruited by Coach Don Haskins from Indiana; his mother felt Coach Haskins would be a good mentor; he received good treatment from everyone in El Paso; he describes Coach Haskins practices as tough but stated that Haskins warned them in advance. Mr. Flournoy felt that at the time that the 1965-66 team was good and an improvement from the last year, but did not know whether they would make it to the NCAA Championship. He describes the poor treatment and racism he and other black players experienced from some of the crowds, as well as at restaurants and …
Interview No. 1642, Louis Baudoin
Interview No. 1642, Louis Baudoin
Combined Interviews
He believes that his father being stationed in Oklahoma for a time during World War II where Coach Don Haskins is from helped convince his parents to accept his decision to go to Texas Western College; he describes how it was close to his family, had just created a Liberal Arts department and had a strong engineering program. Describes Don Haskins’ approach to basketball as simple, stressing proficiency in basic drills rather than relying on complicated plays; he describes practices as brutal and repetitive but that the team’s success on the court proved Don Haskins right. Mr. Baudoin believed at …
Interview No. 1645, Don Haskins
Interview No. 1645, Don Haskins
Combined Interviews
He played basketball at Oklahoma A&M; he played with the Artesia Travelers in the National Industrial Basketball League; he went to a coaching clinic in Albuquerque, New Mexico where Texas Western Head Coach George McCarty convinced Don Haskins to complete his degree; explains that in the interim he took a job coaching basketball and driving the school bus in Benjamin, Texas and later Hedley, Texas. Mr. Haskins recalls that while he was coaching at Dumas, Texas, George McCarty Dean from Texas Western College recruited him to be head coach. Mr. Haskins addresses his reputation as a tough coach by stating …
Interview No. 1649, Jean H. Miculka
Interview No. 1649, Jean H. Miculka
Combined Interviews
Jean H. Miculka begins by describing how he attained his job as an assistant coach for the Texas Western College basketball team. He describes his first impressions of the team as promising since the freshmen consistently beat the varsity students. As a coach, he confronted various challenges that emerged as Texas Western gained notoriety; they confronted various teams who placed all their efforts in trying to defeat them. Nevertheless, it was his team’s ability to score points and to cripple the others’ defense that overcame this challenge. He never felt discrimination whenever his team played against others from the Southwest …
Interview No. 1648, David Lattin
Interview No. 1648, David Lattin
Combined Interviews
David Lattin describes his recruitment into the Texas Western College basketball team. He began as a student at Tennessee State but was unhappy there and then later transferred to Texas Western College. Mr. Lattin describes positive experiences with his new team and coach, Don Haskins. He also describes hardships and fears he encountered in the team; since he played alongside others who were taller than him, Lattin feared that someday the ball would go over his head when it was passed to him. Lattin became less weary of this as he began to build trust amongst his team members. Another …
Interview No. 1652, Togo Railey
Interview No. 1652, Togo Railey
Combined Interviews
Togo Railey discusses his recruitment and experience playing for the Texas Western College basketball team. As a basketball player in Austin High School, he had two influential coaches who influenced his decision to attend Texas Western College. While in high school, he recalls the presence of Texas-Western’s basketball coach, Don Haskins, who actively promoted basketball in El Paso and was always looking for recruits. He discusses his admiration for Coach Haskins who he describes as well mannered, a taskmaster, and basketball enthusiast. Railey also describes his first impressions of the Texas-Western basketball team, who he knew would perform well because …
Interview No. 1653, Nevil Shed
Interview No. 1653, Nevil Shed
Combined Interviews
Nevil Shed discusses his experience playing for the Texas Western College basketball team. He discusses his initial prospects of working in the fast food industry but then decided it was not a career path he wanted to follow. Shed was recruited into Texas Western College basketball team thanks to a recommendation made by a former player of the team who recommended him to Coach Don Haskins. He then describes his first impressions of El Paso, its mountains, and its friendly atmosphere. Unlike other college campuses, he enjoyed that people talked to him to ask how he was doing. Coach Haskins …
Interview No. 1646, Tyrone Bobby Joe Hill
Interview No. 1646, Tyrone Bobby Joe Hill
Combined Interviews
He was originally from Michigan but was playing at a junior college in Iowa where Don Haskins saw him play and recruited him; he was not familiar with the city or school, he was surprised by the size and warm weather; he mentions that Jim Barnes and Nolan Richardson showed him around town and people were friendly. He describes his initial impression of Don Haskins was that he was nice, but at practice found out that he was very disciplinarian; he mentions that he thought the 1965-66 team was good, but they had a quiet confidence; he addresses the story …
Interview No. 1650, Eddie Mullens
Interview No. 1650, Eddie Mullens
Combined Interviews
Eddie Mullens describes his career as a publicity director for the Texas Western College basketball team. When Coach Don Haskins first invited him to the campus, George McCarty, the athletic director, offered him a job. Mullens did not take the job at first due to the low pay, until he was called back days later with the offer of a higher salary. He believed Texas Western had a great team but did not foresee that it would make it to the national competition. Mullens is credited with giving nicknames to the team members such as Jim Barnes who he called …
Interview No. 1651, Richard Myers
Interview No. 1651, Richard Myers
Combined Interviews
Richard Myers discusses his background and experience playing for the Texas Western College basketball team that won the 1966 NCAA championship. As a native of Kansas, he discusses his optimistic first impressions of El Paso, coach Haskins, and his team. While his team attained notoriety for having five all-star African American players, Myers notes that their placement was due to their abilities, not because of their skin color. The media was responsible for placing such a heavy emphasis on his teammates’ skin color as the season progressed. He maintains that his team was not racially discriminated against as they travelled. …
Interview No. 1641, Jerry Armstrong
Interview No. 1641, Jerry Armstrong
Combined Interviews
Mr. Armstrong briefly explains how he got recruited from high school to play basketball for Coach Don Haskins; he explains that his desire to leave Missouri was to see a different part of the country; he describes the campus, climate, and friendliness of locals in El Paso and Texas Western College. Mr. Armstrong describes Don Haskins personality on and off the court as demanding but fair; he describes the 1965-66 team as very good and confident; he mentions how teams in the western U.S. did not receive the same coverage as eastern college teams at the time. Mr. Armstrong recounts …
Interview No. 1643, Willie Cager
Interview No. 1643, Willie Cager
Combined Interviews
He describes how he had to finish up courses in New York and later in El Paso in order to attend Texas Western College; he goes over how local recruiters selected him based on his basketball ability. Mr. Cager mentions that he had to adjust to the desert but that he had no real culture shock due to the diversity of his native New York City. He recounts having to adjust to Coach Haskins due to him stressing defense where he focused more on offense; he states that he was versatile and could play guard, forward, or center; he explains …
Interview No. 1647, Moe Iba
Interview No. 1647, Moe Iba
Combined Interviews
Moe Iba was an Assistant Coach for the 1965-66 Texas Western College basketball team that won the 1966 NCAA Men’s Division I Basketball Tournament; Don Haskins played for his father at Oklahoma A&M; Mr. Haskins hired him out of college; he mentions that he did not know if they would go to NCAA Championships but freshman from the previous year were now eligible to play for the varsity team and Bobby Joe Hill was getting better giving him confidence in the 1965-66 team. Addresses statement that Don Haskins called the 1966 team the worst team at the beginning of the …
Interview No. 958, Esther Rollansky
Interview No. 958, Esther Rollansky
Combined Interviews
Her mother was born in the colonies and her father, Samuel, was born in Poland. Samuel was a journalist for Jewish papers, a theater critic, a scholar, and the head of the Kultur Congress. He initiated love of Jewish culture and traditions- as well as socialism-into his children. They didn't only speak Yiddish at home, they lived Yiddish culture. She attended state (public) and Yiddish laic schools and became a teacher in various Jewish schools.A s a young girl she practically lived in the Yiddish theater. She met famous people in Yiddish culture from abroad, who visited her parent's house. …
Interview No. 956, Sara Salon
Interview No. 956, Sara Salon
Combined Interviews
Her parents met in Smyrna and her father sent for her mother after he got to Posadas. They married in Paraguay because the Argentine officials didn't want to officiate over the marriage of a minor. Her mother was illiterate, yet she knew how to handle business affairs and was a musician. They participated in the small Turkish community. They moved to Corrientes and her mother's large family joined her there. The Turkish community in Corrientes was large. Her mother, with her friends, held singing and dancing sessions on Sundays to raise money to build the synagogue, which became the Asociación …
Interview No. 953, Anita Lang
Interview No. 953, Anita Lang
Combined Interviews
Born 1918, Lang came to Argentina with her parents from Russia when she was five years old. Her parents and grandparents also were in the theater.Although her dad didn't want her to be an actress, she became one anyway. She enjoyed a happy adolescence studying and going to the Hebraica and Macabi. She started in film when a film personality saw her on the beach and asked her to come for a tryout. She acted in 8 films, one of them about a prostitute ("una mujer"). Then she got married and had two children. When she separated from her husband,s …
Interview No. 960, Bertha P. De Braslavsky
Interview No. 960, Bertha P. De Braslavsky
Combined Interviews
Born 1913 in small town in Entre Rios, Argentina. Her parents had lived in the colonies. They were not very interested in their daughter's education, but because they moved to Buenos Aires, she was able to go beyond the 3rd grade. She finished normal school and then studied physics at the Profesorado for secondary school teachers. Here, and at the university later, she experienced persecution because of her student activism and interest in Marxism. As a result of her expulsion from her studies in 1936, she joined the Communist Youth. Eventually she earned a degree in Pedagogy from the Universidad …