Latin American History Commons^™

2023 Cswr/Crs/Laii Graduate Fellows Colloquium, Joshua Heckman-Archibeque, Neider Andrey Devia Merchan, Gisselle Lydia Salgado, Hakim Bellamy

CSWR Public Programs

Graduate fellows from the Center for Southwest Research, funded by the Center for Regional Studies and the Latin American and Iberian Institute, gave public presentations on April 4, 5, and 6, 2023 on the work that they did for the academic year.

April 4, 2023

• Hakim Bellamy - A People's History: The Dr. Harold Bailey Collection

April 5, 2023

• Gisselle Lydia Salgado - Modernity within the Plutarco Elias Calles Archive

April 6, 2023

• Joshua Heckman-Archibeque - Land Struggles: FBI Surveillance of Alianza

• Neider Andrey Devia Merchan - Indigenous Affairs in the Archivo Plutarco Elias Calles 1919-1936 (FAPECFT)

Childhood Stories Of Dominic Garcia, Sierra Love Trabosci

Making History Oral Histories

The tales and childhood stories of Dominic Garcia, a freshman at UNM in 2022.

Pilgrimage To The Virgin Of Juquila: The Negotiation Of Catholic Institutional Power In Colonial Oaxaca, Paloma Barraza

Art & Art History ETDs

Despite the contemporary popularity of the pilgrimage site of the Sanctuary of Santa Catarina of Juquila, the statuette of Oaxaca’s Virgin of Juquila is often eclipsed by the more well-known tilma image of the Virgin of Guadalupe in Mexico City. The limited art historical scholarship has failed to address the statuette of the Virgin of Juquila as an icon that signifies both Indigenous and Catholic power dating back to the seventeenth century. Dominican missionaries used the statuette as a mediator for religious conversion practices in the local Chatino community. Furthermore, the moment the Virgin of Juquila gained significant Indigenous popularity …

Seventeenth-Century Spanish Colonial Identity In New Mexico: A Study Of Identity Practices Through Material Culture, Caroline M. Gabe

Anthropology ETDs

This dissertation explores how seventeenth-century Spanish colonial households expressed their group identity at a regional level in New Mexico. Through the material remains of daily practice and repetitive actions, identity markers tied to adornment, technological traditions, and culinary practices are compared between 14 assemblages to test four identity models. Seventeenth-century colonists were eating a combination of Old World domesticates and wild game on colonoware and majolica serving vessels, cooking using Indigenous pottery, grinding with Puebloan style tools, and conducting household scale production and prospecting. While assemblages are consistent in basic composition, variations are present tied to socioeconomic status. This blending …

Statewise: Jurisdictional Fictions, Transnational Politics And Remaking The Nation State On The Chiapas-Guatemala Border, 1821-1899, Lean Sweeney

History ETDs

Statewise: Jurisdictional Fictions, Transnational Politics And Remaking The Nation State On The Chiapas-Guatemala Border, 1821-1899, focuses on the undrawn border between Mexico and Guatemala during the nineteenth century. I argue that this lack of national definition allowed social actors and state authorities in both Mexico and Guatemala to successfully negotiate alliances and competing territorial claims. In this space of "jurisdictional fiction," where the Mexican and Guatemalan governments' claims to authority were undermined by their lack of political, economic and military control, exiles could become political leaders, contrabandists could hold the keys and records to the customs house, displaced indigenous …

Testimonies Of Violence: Images Of Franciscan Martyrs In The Provinces Of New Spain, Emmanuel Ortega

Art & Art History ETDs

In the middle of the eighteenth century, Franciscan martyr portraits became popular in monastic spaces of the Spanish viceroyalties of central Mexico. To visually construct the meritorious life of these martyrs, artists drew inspiration from hagiographic chronicles that described various Native rebellions, which featured the graphic depiction of the gruesome deaths of friars. The prospect of martyrdom enticed novices to follow in their footsteps in service to God, but also to the Crown, whose presence in the northern territories of New Spain intensified during the period of the Bourbon reforms. In my dissertation I explore this propagandistic approach to martyr …

Diversas De Sí, Entre El Hoy Y El Ayer: Rememoria De Tres Íconos Femeninos Espirituales, La Condesa De Malibrán, Sor Juana Inés De La Cruz Y La Falsa Teresa De Jesús, Ana Gabriela Hernandez Gonzalez 5059749397

Spanish and Portuguese ETDs

This dissertation traces the cultural memory of three magical/religious women of the colonial period: Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, La Condesa de Malibrán and La Falsa Teresa de Jesús. It studies these icons specifically in three different discourses that construct cultural identities in Mexico: colonial discourse (XVI-XVII Centuries), the discourse of national consolidation (XIX-XX centuries) and postcolonial discourse (XX-XIX Centuries). First I describe how the narratives of the colonial period and of national consolidation employ an official lens to place magical/religious women within traditional gender roles. Then I delineate how historical novels in the 21st century employ a postcolonial …

Collection Revitalization At The University Of New Mexico Libraries, Samuel E. Sisneros

University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

This article discusses a project that took an early archival manuscript collection that was poorly described and catalogued, and underused and revitalized it (in a sense recovered a lost collection) by re-describing it and digitizing material from the collection for better (new) public access.

The Spirit Of Hidalgo: The Mexican Revolution In Coahuila, 1910-1915, Suzanne B. Pasztor

History ETDs

This dissertation fills a gap in the scholarship of the Mexican Revolution by providing a detailed history of the northeastern state of Coahuila from the late Porfirian era to approximately 1915. It evaluates the general social, political, and economic developments that contributed to revolutionary activity within the state and that helped to shape the movements led by Francisco I. Madero and Venustiano Carranza. The social bases and characteristics of support for Madero, Carranza, and other revolutionary factions are also examined. Another major theme is the crucial role played by the extensive Coahuila-Texas border in the financing of the Mexican Revolution. …

The Search For Trade And Profits In Bourbon Colombia, 1765-1777, Miklos Pogonyi

History ETDs

This is a study of the first phase of Caroline reforms in Colombia and of the beginning of the region's long quest for a prosperous export economy. The dissertation seeks to explains the dual search for trade and profits in the context of world-wide commercial competition and Bourbon imperial reorganization. In the wake of defeat in the Seven Years' War, Spain introduced reforms designed to harness imperial resources with which to meet the growing threat of British commercial and military power. The innovations coincided with economic growth, notably in the export sectors of many parts of Spanish America. Intensified export …

The Rise And Fall Of Army Preeminence In Cuba, 1868-1958, Louis A. Pérez

History ETDs

This is a study of the emergence of military hegemony in twentieth century Cuba, The contours of the Republic's history offers a sharply defined periodization within which to study army ascendancy. More specifically, the island entered nationhood with­out an army; within little more than three decades, the military institution exercised unchallenged national authority. Thirty years later the armed forces collapsed.

The Cuban army emerged initially as a military response to the problem of political instability. In the course of two armed interventions (1898-1902 and 1906-1909), United States military and political administrators saw in the Cuban armed forces an effec­tive agency …

Calendar Of The Microfilm Edition Of The Mexican Archives Of New Mexico 1821-1846, Myra Ellen Jenkins

CSWR Reference Tools

A guide to the documents in the Mexican Archives of New Mexico. Originals are at the New Mexico State Records Center and Archives in Santa Fe. Microfilm of the originals is held at the Center for Southwest Research at UNM. This guide was digitized by CSWR.

The Role Of The United States In The Adolfo De La Huerta Rebellion, 1923-1924, William G. Best

History ETDs

Preface:

In December 1923 Adolfo de la Huerta led a rebellion against the government of President Alvaro Obregón. It lasted into the last three months of 1924 and culminated in the total defeat of the rebels. The United States at once came to the support of Obregón and sided his government with munitions shipments, an embargo on arms against the rebels, naval demonstrations aimed at frustrating the naval operations of the rebels, and diplomatic services and support.

The main focus of this study is the position and participation of the United States in the la Huerta rebellion. It is not …

Facundo Melgares And The Northern Frontier Of New Spain, Thomas M. Bolkan

History ETDs

This thesis deals with the military career and New Mexico governorship of Facundo Malgares. His career, from approximately 1800 to 1822, after Mexico had become independent of Spain, illustrated the operation of Spanish institutions during the last days of Spanish rule in the northern interior province of Mexico. Of special importance were problems associated with Spanish-Italian and Anglo-Spanish relations when the Indian was still powerful and the United States was beginning its westward expansion. Spanish land policy in New Mexico and its continued effect on individual holdings after United States possession was and continues to be important in New Mexico. …

Summer Welles' Mediation In Cuba, 1933, Margaret Naegle

Latin American Studies ETDs

This writer first became interested in the 1933 revolution in Cuba during lectures given in May, 1963 at the University of New Mexico. As part of these lectures an interesting theory was presented regarding the Communist "takeover" of Cuba. Briefly, this theory holds that behind every successful Communist revolution (Russia, China, Cuba, for examples) there has been an earlier attempt at social revolution which failed. In the case of Cuba, this would be the revolution of 1933, and especially the reformist provisional government of Dr. Ramón Grau San Martín.

The entire process of the 1933 Cuban revolution calls for an …

The Mexican Federalist-Centralist Struggle, 1824-1860, Michael C. Meyer

History ETDs

The problem of Mexican Federalism has been seriously debated by Latin American historians and political theorists. Does the present Mexican political structure, when viewed in conjunction with the unique functioning of Mexican Politics, justify the federal designation? Conscientious observers are in close unanimity on the answer. Federalism, in the "traditional" sense of the word, does not exist in Mexico today. As one leading observer has stated, "the seeds of centralism were sowed at Querétaro despite the adoption of the federal form provided for the 1917 constitution." Numerous studies appearing both in books and periodicals have reached the same conclusion. It …

The Political Thought Of José María Luis Mora, 1794-1850, Morris L. Simon

Latin American Studies ETDs

This work undertakes a study of some aspects of the thought of one man, Doctor José María Luis Mora, a Mexican liberal of the nineteenth century. Naturally, selection by the writer has narrowed considerably the scope of this study. Two factors have conditioned the choice of material from Dr. Mora's breadbasket of ideas: (1) its relevancy to the Mexico of Mora's day, and (2) its value in revealing Mora as a political thinker.

Arnulfo Árias: A Study In Nationalism, Charles A. Moya

Latin American Studies ETDs

This paper is an endeavor to present a just and impartial narration of the events as well as the interpretation of the facts that in some way conditioned the colorful political career of one of the most controversial and dynamic nationalists of contemporary Latin America.

Arnulfo Árias is a relatively young man, and while presently barred from holding public office, his many followers are confident that his exoneration and political rehabilitation are only a matter of time. If and when his civil rights are restored, it is quite possible that his political tactics will have shown some basic modifications. The …

Nationalism: A Search For Unity, The Role Of The Mexican Government In Sponsoring Contemporary Fine Arts, Katharine Ferris Nutt

History ETDs

The following discussion is in part the history of nationalism in the fine arts of Mexico, as a spontaneous expression and as one artificially stimulated. Of equal concern, however, are the State's endeavors to channel nationalism by controlling the bellas artes through subsidy, decree, and law, and finally by the creation of a national institute or theater. The writer has endeavored to reveal both the advantageous and disadvantageous aspects of the government's control and to render some idea as to the extent to which cultural nationalism may forge permanent unity among the Mexicans.

A Study Of The Political Aspects Of Positivism In Mexico, Sam Schulman

Political Science ETDs

The purpose of this thesis is to review the history of Positivism in Mexico, however summarily and limited, to find its place in the structure of the Porfirian government, to reach a number of conclusions based upon this investigation--in all, to understand better the ideas behind the actions of recent Mexican history.

The Place Of English Party Politics As A Factor In The Causes Of The War Of Jenkins' Ear, 1739, Ruth Patty Rosenzweig

History ETDs

That curiously titled incident, "The War of Jenkins' Ear," has received varied treatment by historians. It has been a challenge to the justifiers of English imperialism, and it has attracted those interested in early colonial policies and lovers of the piquant. The earliest historians interested in the war were preoccupied with Jenkins and the ear itself. Later historians stressed the international causes of the war--the colonial commercial and territorial dissension between England and Spain--the two protagonists in the war. While these international antagonisms were the underlying causes of the war, they were not precipitating factors. Study of the sources shows …

Carlos Chávez: Exponent Of Nationalism, Katharine Ferris Nutt

History ETDs

The purpose of this thesis is to present an account of the endeavors of Carlos Chávez to reveal Mexican nationalism through music. The study begins with a brief survey of Mexico's history with emphasis upon the presence of caciquismo and caudillismo. Politically, Mexican nationalism is a blend of the dynastic nationalism of sixteenth century Spain and the popular nationalism of the late eighteenth century. Ethnologically, Mexican Nationalism includes elements of Spanish, Indian, and mestizo culture. During the century following Independence as well as during Spanish domination the art and music of both Indians and mestizos were thrust aside in favour …