Latin American History Commons^™

Caudillismo, Nationalism, And Populism: An Analytical Approach To The Story Of Getúlio Vargas And The Estado Novo, 1930-1945, Chris Michael Taylor Reeves

History Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity

Brazil in the 1930’s and 1940’s is a case study of the influences that national and transnational ideologies had on its government and society. The result of these influences being the rise and fall of government systems and dictatorships. Brazilian social and political ideology during this time is well documented from works on nationalism, populism, the concept of the caudillo or caudillismo, and issues of transnationalism. Other works in this field refer to integralism and Tenentismo as well as assessments of authoritarianism. However, more work needs to be done on the connections between these concepts and their effects on government, …

The Impact Of Gender Roles, Political Environments, And Social Environments On Women Activists In Peru From The Mid-1800s To The Mid-1900s, Kathleen Johndrow

Great Plains Graduate Review

Going back into the colonial era, and certainly post-independence, women in Peru were discussing their political and civil rights, and questioning not only their status, but the status of workers, indigenous people, and those in poverty. In fact, within the handful of names that have appeared as well-known Peruvian women activists, they all concentrated on class as well as gender, and incorporated race in terms of indigeneity as well. In doing so, the women involved in working for increased equality created or joined different organizations over time. What led women to join one group versus another, and were there groups …

A Bolivian Revolution: The Mnr's Populist Vision For A Modern Bolivia, Aaron R. Swanson

Great Plains Graduate Review

The twentieth century is a century riddled with “isms,” such as communism, capitalism, and imperialism. Most of these are usually discussed within the European context. However, Europe was not the only location susceptible to these “isms.” In 1952, Bolivia experienced a revolution similar to the size and scale of the Mexican Revolution of 1910. At the heart of the revolution was the MNR, known in English as the National Revolutionary Movement, a populist party that gained traction in Bolivia during the Chaco War which spanned from 1932 to 1935. The MNR was a coalition of middle-class mestizos, Indians who had …

State Violence And The Cuban Diaspora Since 1959, Sondra K. Marshall

Great Plains Graduate Review

ABSTRACT

The story of mass migration, violence, and human rights violations in Cuba since 1959 is not a simple one. It is an extremely complex web of local and international politics, economics, psychology, sociology, culture, and history. Studies of the Cuban diaspora have been dominated by failures and cyclical crises in the economy, Castro’s adherence to an Eastern European based communist ideologies and policies, and international politics and migration policies. However, Castro’s calculated use of instilling an endemic fear of the State’s use of violence and cruelty to enforce laws, ideologies, and policies is much less studied as a critical …

How Democratic Is Democracy? A History Of Political Corruption In Peru, Kaitlyn Selzler

Great Plains Graduate Review

With the emergence of revisionist scholarship beginning in the 1960’s and 1970’s, scholars have taken terms which had absolute definitions, such as totalitarianism or democracy, and introduced different perspectives and methods which questioned the absolute authority of historical terminology. As a case study into these new historical methodologies, this essay seeks to answer the question: How democratic is Peru’s democracy? To answer this question, this research explores the deep seeded corruption in Latin America, specifically Peru, beginning in 1985 with the election of Alan Garcia, continuing through the presidency of Alberto Fujimori, and eventually ending with the current state of …

Election Campaigns, Counterinsurgency, And Privatization In Fujimori's Peru: Examples Of Regional, Public, And Control Historiographies, Andrew Beman-Cavallaro

Great Plains Graduate Review

No abstract provided.

A Peculiar Institution: What Brought African Slavery To The Spanish Colonial World And How Did It Evolve?, Paige Langley

Undergraduate Research Journal

Slavery was a bedrock component in the development of the New World. While slavery did not begin in the Western Hemisphere, it most definitely grew, developed, and evolved within it. Before the Spanish set out to colonize the New World, they had already been participating in the practice of slavery, particularly race-based slavery. Upon discovering and colonizing the West, the Spanish may have viewed the initial source of unfree labor as those indigenous populations of the areas they conquered. However, the expansion of Atlantic trade and the precious commodity of African slaves would soon be introduced to the Spanish colonial …

Día De (Los) Muertos - The Revered Mexican Holiday Of Death, Logan Johansen

Undergraduate Research Journal

In recent years, Americans have become enthralled with what many might refer to as Mexican Halloween. Notably, the Disney film Coco in 2017 portrayed a fantastical interpretation of the holiday, combining music and a wholesome story typical of the company’s many animated films. Although the celebration falls just after October 31st, the traditional holiday is not an imitation of the Americanized All Hallows’ Eve. Yes, there are costumes, candy, and lots of partying, but the purpose and intent of the holiday is entirely different. With rapidly growing popularity in the United States and even across the world, it is important …

The Mothers Of The Plaza De Mayo Of Argentina: An Unconventional Success Story, Logan Johansen

Undergraduate Research Journal

In 1976, a military junta overthrew Isabelita Peron from power in Argentina. Shortly after, it began to kidnap, torture, and murder thousands of political enemies and dissidents – many of whom were college students or other educated people. These victims, often called “the disappeared” or desaparecidos, were drugged and thrown out of airplanes and were never seen again. Many of their mothers, desperate for answers, united and formed the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo group and began protesting publicly. This paper argues that despite never receiving official answers from the junta nor from the succeeding Argentine government, these powerful …

The Brazilian Bandeirantes: Heroes Or Villains?, Mitchell Robey

Undergraduate Research Journal

The early history and exploration of the Americas are riddled with names such as “Frontiersman,” “Pioneer,” and “Coureur de bois”. Yet, a commonly unrecognized name is that of the Brazilian Bandeirante. The memory of Brazil’s Bandeirantes remains controversial as they not only settled lands, but also gained considerable wealth and power from capturing new and escaped slaves. Additionally, unlike their North American counterparts, Bandeirantes hailed from an assortment of occupations, with “explorer” not being one of them. Bandeirantes were those individuals who turned to the unexplored heartland of Brazil as they grew tired of the marauding pirates found along …

Lending A Helping Hand: Dollar Diplomacy In Latin America, Rachel Hollenbeck

Undergraduate Research Journal

“Lending a Helping Hand: Dollar Diplomacy in Latin America” examines Dollar Diplomacy as a U.S. foreign policy during the Taft Administration, including the context and previous policies related to Dollar Diplomacy and the success and breakdown of Dollar Diplomacy in Latin America. An explanation of Dollar Diplomacy and the reasons behind implementing the policy are also a part of this study. This paper reveals an aspect of U.S. and Latin American relations that still affects foreign affairs today. While the intentions in creating Dollar Diplomacy were a mixture of good and bad and the hopes for a successful and profitable …

Georgina Artiga, Georgina Artiga

Coming to the Plains Oral Histories/ Llenando las Llanuras Historias Orales

Georgina Artiga nació y creció en El Salvador. Artiga creció en una familia feliz que incluía a su abuela quien la cuidó cuando sus papás estaban en el trabajo. Al crecer, Artiga enfrentó muchas experiencias peligrosas debido a la alta tasa de crimen en El Salvador. Cuando ella tenía quince años, ella y su familia decidieron inmigrar a los Estados Unidos porque recibieron amenazas de muerte. Artiga y su familia se mudaron a California. Sus papás empezaron a trabajar y ella y su hermana asistieron a la escuela. Artiga luchó en la escuela con el inglés. Artiga y su familia …

Javier Fox, Javier Fox

Coming to the Plains Oral Histories/ Llenando las Llanuras Historias Orales

Javier Fox is from Sesquilé, Colombia. He spent most of his childhood in an orphanage. Fox learned survival skills during this time and had many experiences that marked his life. Fox was adopted by an American family and moved to the United States. Fox went to school and learned English. He had some difficulties adjusting to the US because the environment was totally different than the one in which he grew up. Fox realized that his new family cared about him, which inspired him to do something good with the opportunity that was given to him. He became an art …

Marta Baez, Marta Baez

Coming to the Plains Oral Histories/ Llenando las Llanuras Historias Orales

Marta Baez es de la República Dominicana. Baez se casó muy joven, tuvo hijos y no pudo asistir a la escuela porque tuvo que sustentar a su familia. Más tarde, su esposo decidió inmigrar a los Estados Unidos. Unos años después, Baez tomó la decisión de seguir a su esposo. Baez comenzó a vivir en la Ciudad de Nueva York donde trabajó en varios empleos para ahorrar dinero y poder traer a sus hijos a EE. UU. Baez enfrentó diferencias culturales cuando inmigró, particularmente acceso a alimentos familiares. Baez y su esposo pudieron traer a sus hijos a EE.UU, donde …

Esthefany López Cruz, Esthefany López Cruz

Coming to the Plains Oral Histories/ Llenando las Llanuras Historias Orales

Esthefany López Cruz is the daughter of Honduran immigrants. In 1998, her parents decided to embark on the dangerous journey to the United States to escape the devastation of Hurricane Mitch. López Cruz was only one and half at the time. The family settled down in Hastings, Nebraska to be close to López’s Cruz grandmother. Because of debates around Temporary Protected Status, López Cruz fears that the government will send Hurricane Mitch survivors like her back to Honduras. López Cruz faced many challenges growing up in a Spanish-speaking household while attending a school that taught subjects in English. Despite that, …

Lorena Vázquez De La Torre, Lorena Vázquez De La Torre

Coming to the Plains Oral Histories/ Llenando las Llanuras Historias Orales

Lorena Vázquez de la Torre es de la ciudad de México. Creció en un hogar con mucha violencia doméstica y ella mismo terminó en una relación abusiva. Vázquez de la Torres y su hija inmigraron a los Estados Unidos; ella relata que cruza la frontera con documentos falsos. Eventualmente, Vázquez de la Torre se mudó a Kearney, Nebraska con sus hijas. Ella discute cómo sus vidas cambiaron para bien cuando fueron libres de abuso. Vázquez de la Torre primero trabajó en un hotel y en un restaurante, pero ahora tiene un trabajo en la YMCA.

Lorena Vázquez de la Torre …

Carlos Ortega, Carlos Ortega

Coming to the Plains Oral Histories/ Llenando las Llanuras Historias Orales

Carlos Ortega was born in Chihuahua, Mexico. His family moved to the United States in 2001. Ortega initially struggled in school because of his difficulties with English. With the support of a dedicated teacher and through immersion, Ortega eventually became fluent in English. Both in school and in the community, Ortega has faced much racial discrimination, including physical assaults. Ortega wishes to become a teacher to teach tolerance to young students and to help both adult and young Hispanic immigrants learn English.

Carlos Ortega nació en Chihuahua, México. En 2001 su familia se mudó a los Estados Unidos. Ortega inicialmente …

Cecilia Madrigal, Cecilia Madrigal

Coming to the Plains Oral Histories/ Llenando las Llanuras Historias Orales

Cecilia Madrigal inmigró a los Estados Unidos en 1981. Tuvo una niñez feliz en El Salvador pero La Guerra Civil Salvadoreña resultó en amenazas a su vida. Madrigal trabajó en una farmacia. Ambos el FMLN y sus oponentes creían que ella estaba ayudando al otro. Cuando Madrigal llegó a Los Ángeles, California enfrentó barreras del idioma. Eventualmente, Madrigal aprendió inglés. Le abrió la oportunidad de trabajar en Grand Island, Nebraska. Ahí, ella trabajó en una iglesia católica ayudando a la comunidad haciendo trabajo comunitario. Madrigal le da crédito a su fe por haberla ayudado a superar los retos que ha …

The Indigenous In Peruvian National Identity, Danielle Bartels

Undergraduate Research Journal

Indigenous peoples populate countries across the globe. In every country, issues of the national identity of the indigenous are important. With the aid of case studies, we can better comprehend the depth of these problems. Focusing on the intellectual history in a case study of Peru, I aim to understand the antagonistic behaviors against indigenous cultures and how the nation state chose to handle their indigenous population over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Women’S Involvement In The Sandinistas And The Farc, Derek Comba

Undergraduate Research Journal

Historically, women have been constantly excluded from combat in war except in times of dire need. Even today women are not allowed in the overwhelming majority of armies from around the world, and the ones that do allow women do not allow them on the front lines. Women have always been seen as not capable of war or as not needing to fight since the men can fight for them. Yet, time and time again it appears that guerrilla, insurgent, and terrorist groups have let women into their ranks. While large numbers of women fought in both the Sandinista National …

Free And Not So Much: Black Slavery In The Spanish Colonial World, Taylor Ritz

Undergraduate Research Journal

Although started by the Portuguese and used widely in Brazil, the slave trade and the use of slaves were quickly adopted by the Spanish in the Western World.1 Not much is known about the black slavery that happened in Latin America or how it was different from the common idea of slavery in the United States. This paper’s objective is to open the reader’s eyes and inform them about what black slavery was like in colonial Spanish America.

In theory, it was assumed that slavery in the southern United States had the same principles, and was the same, as Latin …