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2020

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Articles 1 - 30 of 72

Full-Text Articles in Holocaust and Genocide Studies

S-21 As A Liminal Power Regime: Violently Othering Khmer Bodies Into Vietnamese Minds, Daniel Bultmann Dec 2020

S-21 As A Liminal Power Regime: Violently Othering Khmer Bodies Into Vietnamese Minds, Daniel Bultmann

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

The article analyzes the structure, scripts, and procedural logics behind the violent practices in S-21, the central prison of the Khmer Rouge, as a liminal power regime. The institution’s violent practices and operations served to reveal a “Vietnameseness” and/or otherness within the victims and to prove not only their guilt regarding a singular crime but also a long history of treason and collaboration with the Vietnamese, as well as a moral shortcoming that put them outside their own imagined Khmer moral universe and made them part of a larger scheme. The initial and—for the ideology of the revolution—problematic sameness of …

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Gender, Age, And Survival Of Italian Jews In The Holocaust, Susan Welch Dec 2020

Gender, Age, And Survival Of Italian Jews In The Holocaust, Susan Welch

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Political scientists have examined the role of gender in genocide but have largely ignored the Holocaust in these analyses. Yet, the Holocaust is the largest genocide in human history and there is much we do not know about how gender affected individual experiences. Nor do we have a very precise understanding of the impact of age in survival, beyond the common wisdom that old and young people usually did not survive. Here we examine in more detail the impact of gender and age and their intersection among the nearly 7,000 Italian Jews deported to the east, mostly to Poland and …

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Democratization As A Protective Layering For Crimes Against Humanity: The Case Of Myanmar, Anna B. Plunkett Dec 2020

Democratization As A Protective Layering For Crimes Against Humanity: The Case Of Myanmar, Anna B. Plunkett

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Myanmar has a history of state sanctioned violence against its own people. However, as the regime transition occurs the methods of conducting such violence have also changed. This has not led to an end to violence but an alteration in the methods used by the state. What can be identified is the use of democratic regime transition to legitimise the state’s actions whilst delegitimising the plight of communities that have historically resisted the state. By engaging in the minimal standards of democratic practice whilst developing relations with the international community on the basis of trade, Myanmar has been able to …

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Arts & Literature: The Grey Zone, Sabah Carrim Dec 2020

Arts & Literature: The Grey Zone, Sabah Carrim

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

A manifesto of the grey areas in scenarios of mass killings.

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Full Issue 14.3 Dec 2020

Full Issue 14.3

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

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Failure To Protect?: Applying The Drri-2 Scales To Rwanda And Srebrenica, Elizabeth Mason Dec 2020

Failure To Protect?: Applying The Drri-2 Scales To Rwanda And Srebrenica, Elizabeth Mason

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This article critically reanalyses the action, or lack of action, taken by UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Srebrenica in the 1990's. The lack of action of UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Bosnia has long been criticised as a conscious decision made by peacekeepers to not act in defence of those being targeted but instead to act as bystanders of genocide when they had the ability to prevent acts of genocide taking place. This article re-examines the actions of the UN command under Romeo Dallaire in Rwanda and Thom Karremans in Srebrenica, Bosnia in terms of the stress-related factors which influenced …

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A Queer(Er) Genocide Studies, Lily Nellans Dec 2020

A Queer(Er) Genocide Studies, Lily Nellans

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This paper examines how queerness interacts with and is implicated in traditional genocides, i.e. those directed at racial, religious, national, and ethnic groups - the groups defined as protected classes in the Genocide Convention. It poses the following question: How can scholars of Genocide Studies learn from the queer theory-Genocide Studies nexus? To answer, this paper demonstrate how three distinct queer theory concepts can be woven with Genocide Studies to reveal novel insights into some of the field’s preeminent questions. Specifically, it draws on queer intellectual curiosity, heteronormativity, and reproductive futurism. Connecting queer theory with Genocide Studies yields empirical, analytical, …

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Cambodian Family Albums: Tian's "L'Année Du Lièvre", Angelica P. So Dec 2020

Cambodian Family Albums: Tian's "L'Année Du Lièvre", Angelica P. So

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This article explores how Franco-Cambodian cartoonist Tian’s graphic novel, L’année du lièvre [Year of the Rabbit], represents second-generation postmemory in the form of, what I call, a “Cambodian family album,” or a personal-collective archive. The album serves to convey to subsequent generations: 1) the history of the Cambodian genocide, 2) the collective memories of pre-1975 Cambodia preceding the Khmer Rouge takeover of Phnom Penh, and 3) the Cambodian humanitarian crisis and exodus of the 1970s-1990s. The conceptualization of the family album is derived from the literal translation, from Khmer into English, of the term “photo album” – “book designated for …

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Book Review: Extraordinary Justice: Law, Politics, And The Khmer Rouge Tribunals, Suzanne Schot Dec 2020

Book Review: Extraordinary Justice: Law, Politics, And The Khmer Rouge Tribunals, Suzanne Schot

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

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Martin Luther And The Jews: Passion Over Ethics, Joseph Telushkin Nov 2020

Martin Luther And The Jews: Passion Over Ethics, Joseph Telushkin

Consensus

No abstract provided.

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Luther Legacy Conference: Martin Luther And Antisemitism January 20, 2020 Nov 2020

Luther Legacy Conference: Martin Luther And Antisemitism January 20, 2020

Consensus

This document contains the entire proceedings of the Luther Legacy Conference

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Examining The U.S. Wars On Vietnam, Laos, And Cambodia As The Production Of Neo-Colonialism, Aiden Gregg Nov 2020

Examining The U.S. Wars On Vietnam, Laos, And Cambodia As The Production Of Neo-Colonialism, Aiden Gregg

University Honors Theses

I interrogate the colonial and neo-colonial histories of the U.S. wars on Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos within the context of racialized and gendered labor accumulation, the production of difference through violence as a legitimation of colonial extraction, and ongoing neoliberal economic coercion. I examine genocide and ecocide as interdependent processes in the production of dependency and underdevelopment. I reject a common narrative of temporal and spatial disconnection which separates the wars from current economics and examine the violences which both produce and result from an economy based on growth.

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Brief Of Victims Of The Hungarian Holocaust Amici Curiae In Support Of Respondents, Richard H. Weisberg Oct 2020

Brief Of Victims Of The Hungarian Holocaust Amici Curiae In Support Of Respondents, Richard H. Weisberg

Amicus Briefs

This amicus curiae brief was submitted on behalf of victims of the Hungarian Holocaust in support of petitioners in case No. 18-1447 before the United States Supreme Court. The brief addresses questions of international law, sovereign immunity, and the rights of Holocaust survivors seeking restitution and legal accountability. It provides historical context and legal arguments relevant to holding foreign states accountable for atrocities committed during World War II.

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Exploitation, Fear And Restitution: The Story Of Tuluwat Today, Joshua K. Overington Oct 2020

Exploitation, Fear And Restitution: The Story Of Tuluwat Today, Joshua K. Overington

Humboldt Journal of Social Relations

Genocide continues to have everlasting effects on the it’s victims across the globe. In Humboldt county one of the most harrowing atrocities was the massacre of 1860 on Tuluwat island. In 2019 the City of Eureka returned the island to the Wiyot Tribe because of Tuluwat’s cultural significance to the local Native population. The following narrative details my personal experiences and research delving into the lasting effects of this mass murder, the way it’s story is told now and the reparations being made today. While doing this I learned more about the island through personal testimonies, local signage and attending …

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Defining Genocide In Northwestern California: The Devastation Of Humboldt And Del Norte County’S Indigenous Peoples, Gavin W. Rowley Oct 2020

Defining Genocide In Northwestern California: The Devastation Of Humboldt And Del Norte County’S Indigenous Peoples, Gavin W. Rowley

Humboldt Journal of Social Relations

In recent years, historians and the American public have increasingly debated whether or not the crimes that have been committed against Native Americans in the United States constitute genocide. Although the Humboldt and Del Norte region was conquered by Euro-Americans later than the rest of the US, genocidal crimes were prevalent within the counties of Humboldt and Del Norte in Northwestern California. The genocide committed against the Indigenous Peoples there were carried out by vigilante groups with the support of the California state government as well as the US federal government. I argue not only that genocide, as defined by …

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“To Destroy In Whole Or In Part”: Remembering Our Past To Secure Our Future, Jack Norton Jr Oct 2020

“To Destroy In Whole Or In Part”: Remembering Our Past To Secure Our Future, Jack Norton Jr

Humboldt Journal of Social Relations

This essay proposes that the history of California includes the intended destruction and decimation of native cultures, including their forced removal, illegal land acquisition, slavery, separation of families, and outright murder enacted by the private citizenry and governmental agencies during European contact can be defined as genocide as outlined by the United Nations Geneva Convention, 1948. The lasting legacy of contact on aboriginal lifeways and tradition, as well as the recent resurgence of native traditions and culture is addressed to suggest that the health and healing of native communities lies in reconciling the past to make passage into the future.

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Before Barbarossa: The Nazi Occupation Of Western Poland, September 1,1939-June 22, 1941, Lauren R. Letizia Oct 2020

Before Barbarossa: The Nazi Occupation Of Western Poland, September 1,1939-June 22, 1941, Lauren R. Letizia

Student Publications

The Nazi invasion and occupation of Western Poland was a vital first step to the development and fulfillment of the genocidal processes of the Holocaust. The utilization of mass arrests, executions, and shootings led to the persecution and death of hundreds of thousands of Poles and Polish Jews prior to the invasion of the Soviet Union and inception of the Final Solution in the summer of 1941.

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Invisible Strangers, Or Romani History Reconsidered, Kristina Richardson Oct 2020

Invisible Strangers, Or Romani History Reconsidered, Kristina Richardson

Publications and Research

This essay proposes that the invisibility of so-called Gypsies in Middle Eastern and Central Asian historiography derives from two linked phenomena. First, the work of nineteenth- and twentieth-century European and North American philologists, medievalists, and ethnographers delegitimized the Strangers’ languages, along with the cultures and histories that these languages expressed. The erasure of Strangers from modern historiography was nearly total. Secondly, the category of Strangers was transformed in the wake of the Holocaust as Roma activists drew on Nazi racial categories to base Roma identity on linguistic criteria.

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Coping With An Impossible Reality: The Jewish Sonderkommando Of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Jennifer Weed Sep 2020

Coping With An Impossible Reality: The Jewish Sonderkommando Of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Jennifer Weed

History in the Making

Despite the vast amount of western scholarly work on the Holocaust, there are issues that remain under-analyzed which would help nuance our understanding of this historical event. One of these issues is the experiences of groups who challenge our conceptual frameworks and present opportunities for developing different analytical methods. The testimonies of the Jewish Sonderkommando, or forced crematorium workers, of Auschwitz- Birkenau present such an opportunity by defying the categories used to describe victims and perpetrators, and by forcing us to reconsider how humans survive when conditions are extreme and violent. This paper argues that the testimonies of the Sonderkommando …

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Full Issue 14.2 Sep 2020

Full Issue 14.2

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

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“The Jews Love Numbers”: Steven L. Anderson, Christian Conspiracists, And The Spiritual Dimensions Of Holocaust Denial, Matthew H. Brittingham Sep 2020

“The Jews Love Numbers”: Steven L. Anderson, Christian Conspiracists, And The Spiritual Dimensions Of Holocaust Denial, Matthew H. Brittingham

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

From his pulpit at Faithful Word Baptist Church (Independent Fundamental Baptist) in Tempe, AZ, fundamentalist preacher Steven L. Anderson launches screeds against Catholics, LGBTQ people, evolutionary scientists, politicians, and anyone else who doesn't share his political, social, or theological views. Anderson publishes clips of his sermons on YouTube, where he has amassed a notable following. Teaming up with Paul Wittenberger of Framing the World, a small-time film company, Anderson produced a film about the connections between Christianity, Judaism, and Israel, entitled Marching to Zion (2015), which was laced with antisemitic stereotypes. Anderson followed Marching to Zion with an almost 40-minute …

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Genocide And The Hispanic-American Dilemma, Eitan Ginzberg Sep 2020

Genocide And The Hispanic-American Dilemma, Eitan Ginzberg

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

The reasoning behind Hispanic-American colonization was that the indigenous people were rational vassals, who could be embraced by Christianity, and must, therefore, be protected and well-treated, though judiciously recruited to serve the interests of the Spanish Empire. Eyewitnesses and studies conducted on the Indian issue since the early sixteenth century found that the preservation-exploitation policy gradually became extremely destructive. Raphael Lemkin, in an unpublished study on Hispanic-American colonialism, was the first to call its damaging consequences genocide. The objective of this article is to explore the historical reliability of Lemkin’s controversial claim, and how it might tally with the Spanish …

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Book Review: Sources Of Holocaust Insight, James J. Snow Sep 2020

Book Review: Sources Of Holocaust Insight, James J. Snow

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

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Book Review: The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction Of Its Christian Minorities 1894-1924, Steven A. Usitalo Sep 2020

Book Review: The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction Of Its Christian Minorities 1894-1924, Steven A. Usitalo

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Steven Usitalo's book review of Benny Morris and Dror Ze'evi's The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction of its Christian Minorities 1894-1924.

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Table Of Contents Sep 2020

Table Of Contents

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

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Editors' Introduction Sep 2020

Editors' Introduction

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

No abstract provided.

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Denying The Animosity: Understanding Narratives Of Harmony From The Nellie Massacre, 1983, Jabeen Yasmeen Sep 2020

Denying The Animosity: Understanding Narratives Of Harmony From The Nellie Massacre, 1983, Jabeen Yasmeen

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This article tries to understand through oral narratives from the Nellie Massacre of 1983 to reflect on how societies in India adhere to a narrative of harmony between different communities and a familial structure before a conflict breaks out, denying the existence of any palpable enmity amongst the communities. It will see how and why the assertions of peaceful co-existence may differ in case of the majority and minority in India. While there may be genuine assertions of harmony, such assertions may also be based on different factors such as majority strength, fear of retaliation and the compulsions of co-existence.

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Re-Assessing The Genocide Of Kurdish Alevis In Dersim, 1937-38, Dilşa Deniz Sep 2020

Re-Assessing The Genocide Of Kurdish Alevis In Dersim, 1937-38, Dilşa Deniz

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This article discusses a century-long denial of historic genocide targeting Kurdish Alevis in Turkey. Firstly, I argue that the state-sponsored killings and forced displacements that occurred in Dersim in 1937-38 constitute genocide. Secondly, I use census numbers and other available documentation to suggest a possible figure for the causalities, while pointing out the methods by which the state has tried to cover up these numbers, indicating state planning and preparation. Finally, I show that as a part of the continued denial of such genocide, Turkish leftist organizations have been manipulated by the state, and thus have ended up supporting much …

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Rose-Colored Genocide: Hollywood, Harmonizing Narratives, And The Cinematic Legacy Of Anne Frank’S Diary In The United States, Nora Nunn Sep 2020

Rose-Colored Genocide: Hollywood, Harmonizing Narratives, And The Cinematic Legacy Of Anne Frank’S Diary In The United States, Nora Nunn

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Drawing from literary and cultural studies, this paper situates U.S. adaptations of Anne Frank’s diary in the 1950s within a lineage of other films about historical genocide, including Schindler’s List, Hotel Rwanda, and The Killing Fields. Analysis of these narrative adaptations matters because it helps us better understand the danger of what critic Dominick LaCapra calls “harmonizing narratives,” or stories that provide the viewer with an “unwarranted sense of spiritual uplift” (14). Tracing the metamorphosis of Frank’s own diary from play to film adaptation, this article builds on existing scholarship to focus on how, in the wake …

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Making The Case For Genocide, The Forced Sterilization Of Indigenous Peoples Of Peru, Ñusta P. Carranza Ko Sep 2020

Making The Case For Genocide, The Forced Sterilization Of Indigenous Peoples Of Peru, Ñusta P. Carranza Ko

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

Peru’s national health program Programa de Salud Reproductiva y Planificación Familiar (PSRPF) aimed to uphold women’s reproductive rights and address the scarcity in maternity related services. Despite these objectives, during PSRPF’s implementation the respect for women’s rights were undermined with the forced sterilization of women predominantly of indigenous, poor, and rural backgrounds. This study considers the forced sterilization of indigenous women as a genocide. Making the case for genocide has not been done previously with this particular case. Using the normative markers of the Genocide Convention, this study categorically sets forced sterilization victims from the state-led-policy as victims of genocide, …

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