European History Commons^™

The Politics Of Disestablishment : Gladstone And The Fenians, Robert Emmett Lanxon

Dissertations and Theses

In early 1868 William E. Gladstone presented several bills in Parliament to disestablish the Church of Ireland. Prior to 1868 Gladstone had stated his opposition to the official connection between the Church of Ireland and the State. Gladstone, however, had also claimed that he was not in favor of immediate action and instead advocated restraint in attacking the Church of Ireland. The 1860's also saw the rise of the Fenian organization. The Fenians were dedicated to the overthrow of English rule in Ireland and the establishment of an Irish republic. The role that the Fenians played in convincing Gladstone to …

The Spirituality Of Pierre De BéRulle, Steven Percy Poitra

Dissertations and Theses

The sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries witnessed a revival of spirituality throughout Europe. Positive theology emerged as both an instigation to and instrument for Christian humanists in their endeavor to redress the Church's fundamental relationship to the laity.

The early efforts for reform in France were discouraged by Gallicanist sympathies. Further, growing numbers of Calvinists combined with the possibility of a Protestant king led to thirty-five years of sporadic civil war.

From the 1580's and 90's, French spirituality began a period of renewal and growth. At the heart of the French experience was the famous Acarie circle among whose members …

The First Wandering Preachers, Laura Mellinger

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis attempts to trace the origins of the wandering preachers who appeared around 1100 in Europe. These were men who took it upon themselves to wander through towns am countryside, preaching a variety of messages wherever they from an audience. They are of interest in prefiguring St Francis' style, and in exemplifying the ramification of voluntary poverty styles which formed their context. They are also important for their central role in various movements of popular piety.

The Response Of The German Bishops To The Reichskonkordat, John Roy Slosar

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis focuses on the reaction of the German bishops to the Reichskonkordat, which was negotiated between the Vatican and the German government from April 10, 1933 to September 10, 1933. The paper attempts to show that the views of the episcopate were their own and did not always correspond to those of the Vatican. While secondary sources offer an important supplement, the account relies mostly on published documents. In particular, the Catholic Church documents compiled from the Reichskonkordat negotiations and the correspondence of the German bishops during the year 1933 were used most extensively.

Spies In America : German Espionage In The United States, 1935-1945, Joan Irene Miller

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis addresses the topic of German espionage in the United States between 1935 and 1945. It examines what the expectations were for Germany's spies in America, their activities, and the success or failure of their operations. In addition, the reaction of the American public to these spies is also studied, as well as the response to what was perceived as a threat to the United States from Nazi Germany.

American-Yugoslav Relations, 1941-1946, John Robert Oreskovich

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis deals with the diplomatic relations between Yugoslavia and the United States through the Second World War and the first few months following the end of the War. It follows in chronological order the events influencing American-Yugoslav relations. Emphasis is placed on the development of Yugoslav internal events and their political implications.

Nineteenth Century French And German Interpretations Of The Early Medieval Germanic Invasions, James N. Owens

Dissertations and Theses

Various interpretations of the Germanic invasions of the early Middle Ages have been advanced. These present to the student of historiography a fertile field for inquiry. In this thesis the interpretations of the Germanic invasions propounded by Jules Michelet (1798-1874) and Gustav Freytag (1816-1875) are examined with a view to establishing the cultural context in which their mutually exclusive versions were formulated, and the extent to which that context lent the interpretations of both writers a perceptible national and aesthetic bias.

Germany, Mexico, And The United States, 1911-1917, John Joseph Leffler

Dissertations and Theses

The thesis focuses on Germany's Mexican policies from 1911 to 1917, with particular attention given to the connection of these policies to political relations between the United States and Germany and between the United States and Mexico. The paper also attempts to place German activities in Mexico within the context of Germany's desire to promote its political and economic interests on a worldwide scale. Although some unpublished sources were consulted, the account relies mostly on published documents, memoirs, and secondary sources for its factual basis.

After a brief discussion of trends in German-Amercan relations during the years leading up to …

Anna Held: A Biography, Michael Owen Hoffman

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis, a biography of the French actress, Anna Held (1873-1918), is an attempt to place her in proper perspective in American history. Essentially a record of Miss Held from birth to death, it highlights many events that made her famous. Included are examples of publicity generated by her manager-husband, Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr.

Much credit can be awarded Ziegfeld for his expertise in publicity stunts and promotion. Undue praise, however, has been attributed to him for the origin of the Ziegfeld Follies and the success of Anna Held.

Anna was a Continental success long before she met him. His promotion …

The French Connection In Early Oregon, Gregory Charles Rathbone

Dissertations and Theses

Many French-speaking people came to the Pacific Northwest. Although most came from Quebec, some traveled from as far away as France, Belgium and Switzerland. When they arrived in Oregon Territory, a juxtaposition of three cultures merged to form a unique French-speaking community governed by a dominant Western Anglo-American character and a living Indian culture for daily subsistence. Most importantly, the French brought their own traditions from Quebec and France. Also, French individuality became altered upon their arrival and through their necessity to adapt to the strange, unknown wilderness of the Pacific Northwest. Some changes came through the need for convenience, …

Louis De Potter And The Belgian Revolution Of 1830, Karen Nelson Groth

Dissertations and Theses

Louis Joseph Antoine De Potter (1786-1.859) was the gifted journalist who served as the catalyst of the successful Belgian revolution of 1830. He has been largely overlooked by students of the nineteenth century revolutionary era. Only one of De Potter's works is known to have been translated into English, his Vie de Scipion de Ricci.

This paper has examined the development of De Potter's thought from his youth up to and including his participation in the Provisional Belgian Government of 1830. For clarity this study has been divided into four chapters.

Following The Drum: British Women In The Peninsular War, Sheila Simonson

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis examines the lives of British women, soldiers' and officers' wives, for the most part, who followed the British army on campaign in Portugal, Spain, and southern France during the Peninsular War (1808-1814). Because most of the women were of the working class, their major roles, as wives, mothers, widows, workers, and criminals, have been contrasted with those roles as defined in British working-class culture.

No direct female sources exist for this war. Information was therefore gathered from male diarists, letter writers and memoirists of the period, using modern research into working-class behavior in the early industrial period as …

The Political And Constitutional Significance Of The Exclusion Crisis Of 1678-1681, Susan Diane Meyer-Strom

Dissertations and Theses

By examining the attack waged against the royal prerogative during the Exclusion Crisis of 1678-1681, this thesis asserts that the crisis was primarily constitutional in nature, rather than religious. This Parliamentary attempt to remove the Catholic heir presumptive from the succession endangered the monarchy by creating a Parliamentary title to the throne. Insofar as the exclusionists challenged the king's right to retain ministers at will, to grant pardons, and to determine the calling and dissolution of Parliamentary sessions, the crisis also constituted a direct assault upon the prerogatives of the present king. The implementation of Parliament's proposal to guarantee a …

Mission Of Protest : General John Armstrong's Response To The Continental System, 1806-1810, Thom M. Armstrong

Dissertations and Theses

Although not well known to students of American history today, General John Armstrong was, in his day, a prominent and colorful public figure. From 1804 to 1810, he held the difficult position of United States Minister to France at a time when the world was in upheaval resulting from the Napoleonic Ware. As Great Britain and France struggled for supremacy, the United States--the world's foremost neutral commercial power--was slowly, but inevitably, drawn into this struggle, becoming the victim of the hostile edicts of the two major belligerents, as they wantonly violated established practices of international law.

"Carnival In Romans (Lecture 2)", Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

No abstract provided.

"The Techniques Of Total History (Lecture 1)", Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

No abstract provided.

The Political And Constitutional Origins Of The Grand Remonstrance, James S. Hart Jr.

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis on the Grand Remonstrance represents an attempt to deal with the central question of Stuart Historiography, the question which asks "What were the causes of the English Civil War, and why did it occur when it did?" The question of causation is fundamental to an understanding of the early 17th century, and it has created considerable controversy among successive generations of historians. The central issue in question is whether the English Civil War was caused by a long term revolution in English society, generated by substantial changes in socio-economic conditions, or whether, in fact, it was caused by …

Thought, Word And Deed In The Mid-Tudor Commonwealth : Sir Thomas Smith And Sir William Cecil In The Reign Of Edward Vi, Ann B. Clark

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis examines the general economic and intellectual climate of the mid-Tudor Commonwealth as a background for a specific study of the financial reforms instituted by Edward VI's government while the Duke of Northumberland controlled the Privy Council. The philosophy behind these measures parallels the principles expressed in A Discourse of the Commonweal of this Realm of England, a treatise written in 1549 by Sir Thomas Smith, Secretary to King Edward. In 1551-1552 the implementation of financial reform fell to Sir William Cecil, also King's Secretary and Northumberland's key administrator on the Council. In establishing the link between Smith's ideas …

The Minorities Of Czechoslovakia And Poland : Of Treaties And Human Nature, Bryant L. Larson

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis explores briefly two experimental cases, Czechoslovakia and Poland, where between 1919 and 1938, efforts were made to solve the “minority problem." This thesis consists of five basic parts: Chapter I, an introduction that defines or describes such concepts as nationalism, nation, state, and minority; Chapter II that succinctly presents backgrounds and problems of minorities in Czechoslovakia (Germans, Magyars, Ruthenians, and Jews), and Poland (Germans, Jews and Ukrainians); Chapter III that analyzes the provisions of the Minority Treaties prepared by the principal Allied Powers at the end of World War I to protect minority rights within Czechoslovakia and Poland; …

English Renaissance Humanist Education, Lori Ann Bjornstad

Dissertations and Theses

The following examines the historical development of English education available prior to university entrance in order to discover the impact of humanist ideas on the educational system. The survey of the structure and theory of pre-university English education begins in the early Middle Ages and continues through the Elizabethan period.

After examining the Medieval background, there follows a discussion of the political and religious settlement of the Reformation, and the basic programme of humanist reformers. Individual humanist writers are then studied, followed by a discussion of schools planned on humanist lines. With this, however, is contrasted a picture of English …

International Law, German Submarines And American Policy, Janet Marilyn Manson

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis is a survey of the available material on the submarine issue during 1914-1917 as a factor in German-American relations which contributed to the American declaration of war in April 1917. No other scholarly work is devoted solely to the submarine issue during this period. The purpose of this thesis is to focus on the submarine as an international legal issue. German-American relations were strained during 1914-1917, because of the different interpretations of international law regarding the submarine. And this thesis was written in order to test the existing historical interpretations of the submarine issue as a focal point …

In Their Hearts Forever: The Dynamics Of Stalinism, James Seymour Wilson

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis is a general examination of the Soviet and East European crisis which followed the death of Joseph Stalin in March, 1953. Stalin's character, position, and power were such that the methods he employed in the government of the vast multi-national and multi-state empire bequeathed to his successors could not be made to function in his absence without reform and redefinition. The post-Stalin leadership realized that in order to consolidate its position at the head of the empire a careful program of "de-Stalinization" was mandatory. The prosecution of that program from the announcement of collective leadership in April, 1953, …

Partisans, Godmothers, Bicyclists, And Other Terrorists: Women In The French Resistance And Under Vichy, Rayna Kline

Dissertations and Theses

During the years 1940-1944, the period of the German Occupation, French women played an active role in the political sphere as part of the organized Resistance movements. The women who participated were not isolated examples, but an extremely diverse group that cut across social milieux, political alignments and religious persuasions. The range of their activity in the spectrum of roles and the differences in their style challenge the stereotypes and persistent attitudes in French culture about women’s nature.

Women were leaders in the principal Resistance movements, participated in the organization and dissemination of the underground press and in the organization …

Revolutions: A Comparative Study, Thomas E. Gill

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and then to compare common descriptive characteristics (uniformities) evident within three historical events: the Paris Commune of 1871, the Zapatista Movement of the Mexican Revolution between 1910 and 1919, and the Spartacist Rebellion of 1919. One such uniformity is the fact that all three are abortive social revolutions.

The Pci Resurgent: 1943-1945, Karen Adele Tosi

Dissertations and Theses

The Italian Communist Party (PCI) emerged from the chaos of the Italian defeat in 1943 as a powerful and cohesive movement. Based upon organizational development throughout the years of Fascist rule in Italy, plus a combination of vigorous partisan activities and a willingness to compromise politically in exchange for governmental participation, the PCI showed promise for achieving economic and social change in Italy. Conservative countermeasures and Allied pressures, however, diminished the Communist advantage until, by 1947, the Party was no longer represented in the postwar government. The success apparent in the economic arena due to the Christian Democrat's program initiated …

Freedom And Necessity In The Development Of Marx's Thought, Isa Maria Leib

Dissertations and Theses

I have considered Freedom and Necessity as fundamental literary and philosophical concepts in Karl Marx's early writing.

All Marx quotations are my own translations; I did this because I discovered that many English translations were rendered in such a way that they did not convey basic literary structures which were very important to a clear comprehension of Marx's thought.

The opening pages of this article are a necessary but brief discussion of words, which are specifically: Necessity, Freedom, and History. As these three words are the life and breath of Marx's thought, an observation of their meanings and history, in …

Reconciliation And Reunion, Myron K. Jordan

Dissertations and Theses

Throughout the period of the American Revolution, Great Britain pursued a policy of reconciliation and reunion toward its North American colonies. While this was but one of the several policy alternatives open to British leadership, it was always an element of British strategy toward the colonies from 1775 to 1783.

This thesis follows the evolution of reconciliation and reunion in the final days of crisis in 1774-1775. It seeks to define its development during the war itself, and especially during the abortive American Peace Commission of 1778. By tracing this policy from its emergence through to the peacemaking in 1782-1783, …

National Efficiency And Social Planning In Britain, 1914-1921, Norman Richard Eder

Dissertations and Theses

Traditionally, improvements in the quality of life in Britain resulted from the temporary fusion of sometimes opposite interests which spurred Parliamentary action. Therefore, reform was rarely a party issue. Each reform question was treated separately and never as a part of a body of similar measures. Individuals were free to support or oppose particular reforms according to their own interests and motivations. The result of this lack of strong consistent reformist sentiment was a pattern of piece-meal legislative action with a notable absence of comprehensive social planning. The First World War, however, brought new challenges to British society. As the …

James Butler And The Royalist Cause In Ireland, 1641-1650, Monica A. Brennan

Dissertations and Theses

On June 19, 1647 Ireland's Lord Lieutenant, the Marquis of Ormond, unconditionally surrendered the city of Dublin to the parliament of England. Ormond's biographer, Thomas Carte, records that in January of this year the marquis received a private dispatch clearly indicating Charles I's pleasure -- if it were impossible to hold Dublin and the other royalist garrisons in his name they were to be surrendered to the English rather than the Irish. The loss of the major royalist stronghold in Ireland proved, in effect, to be the turning point of the war in that kingdom; its loss has given Ormond's …

Commentary On The Film "The Sorrow And The Pity", David Wrench

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

David Wrench was Professor of Psychology and Urban Studies at Portland State University. Dr. Wrench discusses the film The Sorrow and the Pity (1969) from a social-psychological viewpoint, in contrast to the moralistic view of the other conference speakers. He sees history and psychology as closely related which has led to his special interest in psycho-history. His comments include a discussion of how people distort their perceptions of history, and the differences shown in human responses to authority and group pressure.