History Commons^™

Haiti's Condemnation: History And Culture At The Crossroads, Marc E. Prou

Marc E. Prou

As Haiti emerges from its recent bicentennial, the persistent underdevelopment combined with the absence of independent social and judicial institutions denote an increase in the level of repression and social division. Such social divergence has been intensified since the overthrow of (Baby Doc) Duvalier in 1986, and subsequent political turmoil throughout the 1990's and beyond. Thus, political instability, violent overthrows, successive coups and countercoups, persistent poverty, the state against the nation, all constitute the trademarks of this economically collapsed but cultural rich Caribbean island. Interestingly, individual Haitians are relatively successful peple abroad. Thus the question then becomes: what explanations do …

The Prudent Village: Risk Pooling Institutions In Medieval English Agriculture, Gary Richardson

Gary Richardson

The prudent peasant mitigated the risk of crop failures by scattering his arable land throughout his village, Deirdre McCloskey argued, because alternative risksharing institutions did not exist. But, alternatives did exist, this essay concludes. Medieval English peasants formed two types of farmers’ cooperatives. Fraternities protected members from the perils of everyday life. Customary poor laws redistributed resources towards villagers beset by bad luck. In both institutions, the expectation of reciprocation motivated farmers with surpluses to aid neighbors with shortages.

Christianity And Craft Guilds In Late Medieval England: A Rational Choice Analysis, Gary Richardson

Gary Richardson

In late-medieval England, craft guilds simultaneously pursued piety and profit. Why did guilds pursue those seemingly unrelated goals? What were the consequences of that combination? Theories of organizational behavior answer those questions. Craft guilds combined spiritual and occupational endeavors because the former facilitated the success of the latter and vice versa. The reciprocal nature of this relationship linked the ability of guilds to attain spiritual and occupational goals. This link between religion and economics at the local level connected religious and economic trends in the wider world.

Incest Laws And Absent Taboos In Roman Egypt, Anise Strong

Anise K Strong

For at least two hundred and fifty years, many men in the Roman province of Egypt married their full sisters and raised families with them. During the same era, Roman law firmly banned close-kin marriages and denounced them both as nefas, or sacrilegious, and against the ius gentium, the laws shared by all civilized peoples. In Egypt, however, Roman officials deliberately chose not to enforce the relevant marriage laws among the Greek metic, hybrid, and native Egyptian populations; the bureaucracy also created loopholes within new laws which tolerated the practice. This policy created a gap between the absolute theoretical ban …

Luxury In The Wilderness, Yellowstone's Grand Canyon Hotel, 1911-1960, Tamsen Hert

Tamsen Hert

No abstract provided.

Osmanlıda Mesleki Teknik Eğitim İstanbul Sanayi Mektebi (1869-1930), Yaşar Semiz, Recai Kuş

Yaşar Semiz

Sanayi mekteblerinin ilk nüveleri ve nizamnameleri Tanzimat döneminde ortaya çıkmış, II. Abdulhamit döneminde eğitim sisteminde I. Meşrutiyet’ten sonra ıslâhhaneler, 1885’te sanayi mektebi adını almış; ancak, 1894’e kadar bir boşluk yaşanmış ve öğrenci sayılarında ciddi sayılabilecek azalma olmuştur. 1894’ten sonra hem okul sayıları artmış hem de okullar müstakil binalarına kavuşturulmuştur. Islâhhaneler, gerçek sanayi mektebi hüviyetine kavuşturulmuş ve sanayi mekteblerinin sayıları artmıştır. 1913’te İdare-i Umumiye Vilayet Kanununun yayınlanması ile sanayi mekteblerinin masrafları vilayetler hususi idareleri bütçelerinden karşılanmaya başlayınca okullar önceki döneme nazaran daha istikrarlı bir konuma geldi, fakat bu kez de her vilayetin ayrı program tatbik etmesinden dolayı okullar arasında bir birlik …

18 Mart 1915 Çanakkale Deniz Savaşı: Sebepleri, Gelişimi Ve Sonuçları, Yaşar Semiz

Yaşar Semiz

Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na girişinden sonra Çarlık Rusya’sının talebi üzerine İngiltere ve Fransa’nın Çanakkale Boğazı’na karşı 18 Mart 1915’de donanma ile düzenledikleri saldırı ele alınmakta ve savaşın sebepleri, gelişimi, beklentileri ve sonuçları 1915 yılının Kasım ayından itibaren içinde bulunulan psikolojik durum da göz önüne alınarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma giriş bölümünü takip eden “Neden Çanakkale?, Çanakkale Savaşı Sırasında İstanbul’da Durum Ne İdi?, Çanakkale Tahkimatı, 18 Mart Öncesi Çanakkale’ye Yapılan Öncü Taarruzlar, 18 Mart Çanakkale Deniz Savaşı ve Sonuç” bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır.

Treated As Lepers: The Patient-Led Reform Movement At The National Leprosarium, 1931-1946, Michael Mizell-Nelson

Michael Mizell-Nelson

No abstract provided.

Miyamoto Yuriko And The Soviet Propaganda, George T. Sipos

George T. Sipos

No abstract provided.

Postcolonialism And Native American Geographies: The Letters Of Rosalie La Flesche Farley, 1896-1899, Karen M. Morin

Karen M. Morin

No abstract provided.

A Tale Of Two Theories: Monopolies And Craft Guilds In Medieval England And Modern Imagination, Gary Richardson

Gary Richardson

No abstract provided.

Behind The Glare Of The Spotlight: Grassroots Efforts To Integrate Facilities In Jacksonville, Florida 1958-1963, Debbie Owens

Debbie Owens

Sevr'den Lozan'a Düyun-U Umumiye Meselesi, Yaşar Semiz, Osman Akandere

Yaşar Semiz

No abstract provided.

Osmanlı Devleti'nde Üniversite Darülfünûn, Yaşar Semiz

Yaşar Semiz

No abstract provided.

’Want To Build A Miracle City?’: War Housing In Wichita, Julie Courtwright

Julie Courtwright

血路：革命中国中的沈定一（玄庐）传奇, R. Keith Schoppa (Author), Wubiao Zhou (Translator)

Wubiao Zhou

No abstract provided.

"There Was No Middle Ground": Anne Braden And The Southern Social Justice Movement, Cate Fosl

Cate Fosl

Strategies Of Representation, Relationship, And Resistance: British Women Travelers And Mormon Plural Wives, C. 1870-1890, Karen M. Morin, J.K. Guelke

Karen M. Morin

During the 1870s and 1880s, several British women writers traveled by transcontinental railroad across the American West via Salt Lake City, Utah, the capital of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormons. These women subsequently wrote books about their travels for a home audience with a taste for adventures in the American West, and particularly for accounts of Mormon plural marriage, which was sanctioned by the Church before 1890. "The plight of the Mormon woman," a prominent social reform and literary theme of the period, situated Mormon women at the center of popular representations of Utah during …

Review Of Soulfires: Young Black Men On Love And Violence, Amilcar Shabazz

Amilcar Shabazz

A review of a literary and cultural anthology on African American males on love and violence.

Duty And "Fast Living": The Diary Of Mary Johnson Sprow, Domestic Worker, Elizabeth Clark-Lewis

Elizabeth Clark-Lewis

In the fall of 1979 my great-aunt Mary Johnson Sprow found a diary she had written while working as a domestic servant more than 60 years before. For more than seven years I had conducted interviews with her, her three other siblings, and their spouses; finally, I would touch the paper on which she so tenderly placed her thoughts as a young live-in servant from rural Virginia. The diary and oral history interviews helped me flesh out the history of young women who migrated to Washington from the rural South before and during the "Great Migration." This research became the …

Generational Theory And Collective Autobiography, John D. Hazlett

John D Hazlett

Hazlett's essay examines the emergence of generational theory at the beginning of the 20th Century, considers some of the reasons for its popularity, and then shows how generationalism influenced the autobiographical writing of two self-proclaimed generational groups: the writers who came of age in the 1920s, and the group of activists and writers who came of age in the 1960s.

Another View Of The Sixties, Rowan Cahill

Rowan Cahill

A contribution to ongoing discussion about the 1960s, in which author Cahill challenges the idea popular at the time of writing, that being a radical during the period was simply an adolescent/youth role one fashionably and easily slipped into.

A Case Study In Amateur Conflict: The Athletic War In Canada, 1906-1908, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

The major objective of this article was to examine the issues prominent in Canada’s amateur ‘athletic war.’ Officially, the schism boiled down to a disagreement between two groups over whether or not amateurs could be allowed to participate with and/or against professionals in team sports while still retaining their amateur standing. The two warring factions were the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union (CAAU) and the Amateur Athletic Federation of Canada (AAF of C); in reality, it was an ideological power struggle between the emerging centre of sport in twentieth century Canada, Toronto, and the revered hub of organized sport in nineteenth …

To Care For The "Fair Fragile Form" : The Founding Of The Boston Female Asylum, Elizabeth R. Mock

Elizabeth Mock

No abstract provided.

A 'Potted History' Of The Seamen's Union Of Australia, 1872-1972: Articles From 'The Seamen's Journal', 1972, Rowan Cahill

Rowan Cahill

This is a collection of brief articles covering the century of history of the militant Seamen's Union of Australia (SUA), 1872-1972. The articles were published over nine-months in the SUA journal 'The Seamen's Journal' as part of the union's commemoration of a century of organisation in 1972. The articles are of historiographical interest in that they were ahead of the time in some respects, discussing 'racism' in the union, and attempting to redress the historical neglect of the sea and maritime workers in Australian history, a neglect described and documented later by historian Frank Broeze in his acclaimed study 'Island …

The Student Mood: Sydney University, Rowan Cahill, Terry Irving

Rowan Cahill

A discussion published in 1968 by Cahill and Irving about student unrest in the universities of Australia, with specific reference to the situation existing at the time in Sydney University. At the time, Cahill was a prominent student radical completing his BA (Honours) degree and Irving was an activist-academic.