Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

Armstrong Landing Site (41cs37): An Ancestral Caddo Site On The Sulphur River, Cass County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Armstrong Landing site (41CS37) is an ancestral Caddo site on an alluvial terrace of the Sulphur River at Lake Wright Patman. It was formally recorded by Briggs and Malone (1970) prior to a planned enlargement of Lake Wright Patman. According to records on file at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin (TARL), collectors from the Texarkana area had worked the site in the early 1960s, digging four burials there and noting extensive midden deposits. The site remains above the normal conservation flood pool of the lake at present, but is subject to erosion from …

Traditional Caddo Potter, Chase K. Earles

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Although I originally set out to find an art form that I was comfortable with and would be inspired by, for myself, I ended up discovering an ancient art form that would benefit not just myself, but the generations of Caddo people that would come after me. I feel that eventually they will see the benefit from its rediscovery. But also, I quickly realized the need to make public the distinction of our ancient pottery legacy for the sake of those Caddo that would pick up the craft. The Native American art world in the American Southeast is much different …

An Examination Of Six “Nutting Stones” From East Texas For Plant Phytoliths, Mark Walters, Steven Bozarth, Thomas H. Guderjan

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this article we report on an examination of six nutting stones from East Texas sites as well as an exploratory examination of their possible functions. “Nutting stones” have long been presumed to have been used prehistorically for crushing nuts such as hickory, etc. as foodstuffs. In fact Davis described them as being:

A small flat stone, usually made of limestone, sandstone or other sedimentary types of rock which could be carried by hand. The flat surface may have one or more ground or pecked cups of various sizes, shapes and depth. It is postulated that they were used for …

The Coker Mound (41cs1) In The Sulphur River Basin Of East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Coker Mound site (41CS1) in the lower Sulphur River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods is one of the few known earthen mounds constructed by ancestral Caddo peoples in the Sulphur River area. The site was first investigated by the University of Texas (UT) in 1932, then revisited in 1949 by archaeologists surveying the flood pool area for the then proposed Lake Texarkana (now Lake Wright Patman). In the 1990s, collectors began to excavate in a mound at the Coker site (there may be as many as four mounds at the site), where they encountered a number of Caddo …

The Stover Lake Site (41bw8) On The Lower Sulphur River, Bowie County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Stover Lake site (41BW8) is an ancestral Caddo cemetery and habitation site on a natural alluvial rise in the Sulphur River floodplain, about 1.6 km east of the Lake Wright Patman dam. In 1961-1962, several collectors excavated at least 19 Caddo burials at the site and also gathered a collection of sherds from habitation contexts. Notes on the burials and their funerary offerings were provided by the collectors to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL), and 390 ceramic sherds and one stone gorget from non-burial contexts were donated to TARL by one …

The Forest Mound Site (41ce290) On Larrison Creek, Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Forest Mound site (41CE290) is an ancestral Caddo site on a sandy knoll on an alluvial terrace of Larrison Creek, a southward-flowing tributary to the Neches River in the East Texas Pineywoods. Raymond Ring, an avocational archaeologist, found and investigated the site in 1962, and amassed a small collection of ceramic sherds and one arrow point that he subsequently donated to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL).

Ancestral Caddo Sites In The Lower Sulphur River Basin At Lake Wright Patman, Bowie And Cass Counties, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The three sites discussed in this article are within the Lake Wright Patman project area on the lower Sulphur River in East Texas. Two of the sites (Clayborn Springs [41BW55] and Mill Creek [41CS125]) are along the existing shoreline and flood pool, but Swen Farm (41BW65) is mostly submerged, except that the crest of the alluvial terrace the site is on is occasionally an island in the lake. All three sites have been eroded by wave action since the creation of Lake Wright Patman in the 1950s, and the Mill Creek site is still being looted.

The Frank Murphy Farm Site (41an48), Anderson County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Frank Murphy Farm site (41AN48) is a Late Caddo period, Frankston phase occupation in the upper Neches River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods. The site was investigated by University of Texas (UT) archaeologists in 1935.

The Brooks-Lindsey Site (41ce293), A Probable Post-A.D. 1650 Caddo Site In The Neches River Basin, Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Brooks-Lindsey site is a probable post-A.D. 1650 Caddo settlement in the Neches River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods. The site was brought to professional archaeological attention in 1986, when collectors who were working the site contacted archaeologists at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL), and allowed them to examine the ceramic vessel sherd collection they had assembled at that time from surface collections and various excavations.

41sm32 On Little Saline Creek In Smith County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Thaker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A review of early trinomial numbers for sites located in Smith County in East Texas indicated that between 1938 and 1943 Jack Hughes identified and collected from at least 37 sites listed on the Texas Historic Site Atlas. From 1938 to 1941 his site locations randomly occur throughout the County; interestingly there are no sites recorded in 1942. In 1943 he recorded about 14 sites along Black Fork Creek and its tributaries, this being mostly west of the City of Tyler.

The primary purpose in reviewing the available archaeological information about these early recorded sites was to re-visit selected sites …

The Doug Martin Site (41an88), A Late Caddo Period Frankston Phase Settlement In The Trinity River Basin In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Doug Martin site (41AN88) is a Late Caddo period Frankston phase settlement on a southern-flowing tributary to the Trinity River in the Post Oak Savannah of East Texas (Figure 1). Several avocational archaeologists from the Palestine, Texas, area, principally including Clyde Amick, worked at the site in the early 1980s, and donated a collection of artifacts from the site, along with some information about the work done there, to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL) in November 1985.

Diversity In Ancestral Caddo Vessel Forms In East Texas Archaeological Sites, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Ceramic vessels from ancestral Caddo sites in East Texas are diverse in form, size, manufacture, and decoration, both spatially and temporally. Variation in these attributes, including vessel form, also “is connected with particular local and regional traditions." In this study, I am concerned with defining the character and formal identification of Caddo vessel forms on sites in the region. To both appreciate and understand the meaning of vessel form diversity in Caddo vessel assemblages in East Texas— or any other part of the much larger southern Caddo area—the consistent identification of different vessel forms and vessel shapes is crucial. The …

Some Ancestral Caddo Sites On Bayou Loco In The Angelina River Basin, Nacogdoches County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological research has been ongoing since the 1930s along Bayou Loco in the western part of Nacogdoches County in the East Texas Pineywoods. Bayou Loco is a southward-flowing tributary to the Angelina River.

Jackson note that it was the proposed construction of the Bayou Loco Reservoir (Lake Nacogdoches) in 1972 that led to an important surge in the extent of archaeological research along Bayou Loco, beginning with an archaeological survey, followed up by excavations at several sites that would be inundated by the lake, principally the Mayhew site (41NA21) and the Deshazo site (41NA13/27). The Deshazo site’s Caddo cemetery had …

41an28: An Ancestral Caddo Settlement On Mound Prairie Creek In The Neches River Basin In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Site 41AN28 is an extensive ancestral Caddo settlement on an alluvial terrace on the west side of Mound Prairie Creek in the Post Oak Savannah of East Texas. Mound Prairie Creek is an southward- and eastward-flowing tributary to the Neches River. The confluence of the two streams lies about 20 km to the east.

Directly to the east of 41AN28 on the east side of Mound Prairie Creek lies the Pace McDonald site (41AN51). This site is an important Middle Caddo period (ca. A.D. 1200-1400) mound center with at least two earthen mounds and a settlement that covers more than …

Woodland And Caddo Period Sites At Toledo Bend Reservoir, Northwest Louisiana And East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Toledo Bend Reservoir is one of the largest artificial lakes in the United States and the largest reservoir in the South. The lake is approximately 65 miles long and contains over 1200 miles of shoreline in both Louisiana and Texas. Construction began in 1964 with completion of the power plant, with the subsequent filling of the lake in 1969. Archaeological investigations at Toledo Bend Reservoir on the Sabine River and tributaries in both Louisiana and Texas took place primarily took during the 1960s, with survey and excavations, sometimes of a very limited nature by the University of Texas (UT) and …

Caddo Ceramic Vessels From The Womack Site (41lr1), Lamar County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Womack site (41LR1) is an ancestral Caddo settlement situated on an alluvial terrace in a horseshoe bend of the Red River in north central Lamar County in East Texas. Harris completed the analysis and study of their 1938-mid-1960s investigations at the site, but the findings from the earlier archaeological investigations conducted at the site by the University of Texas (UT) in 1931 have only been recently published.

Titus Phase Ceramic Vessels From The W. L. Willeford Farm, Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The W. L. Willeford site (41UR5) is a Late Caddo period Titus phase cemetery of unknown size. It is in the Little Walnut Creek basin, and Little Walnut Creek is a southward-flowing tributary to Little Cypress Creek in the East Texas Pineywoods.

Some time prior to 1930, Caddo vessels had been exposed by erosion at the site, and other vessels were plowed up in 1930. University of Texas (UT) archaeologists led by B. B. Gardner excavated at the site in July 1931, but found no burials. The UT archaeologists purchased Caddo vessels from the landowner, along with three elbow pipes, …

Documentation Of Ceramic Vessels From An Early Caddo Period Feature At The Boxed Spring Site (41ur30) Site, Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Boxed Spring site (41UR30) is an ancestral Caddo mound center of apparent Early Caddo age (ca. A.D. 900-1200) on the Sabine River, situated on an upland landform a short distance upstream from the Sabine River’s confluence with Big Sandy Creek (Figure 1). The site is located in the modern East Texas Pineywoods, and is estimated to cover approximately 48 acres of a large and prominent upland ridge projection.

There are four mounds (A-D) at the site arranged around an open area or central plaza, and there were several habitation areas to the north and south of the sets of …

Prehistoric Sites In The Sabine River Valley In Northeastern Smith County, Texas Timothy K. Perttula And Mark Walters, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In the winter of 2003, the junior author completed archaeological survey investigations of a small area of the Sabine River valley in northeastern Smith County in the East Texas Pineywoods. The work consisted of limited surface collections and shovel tests, and four archaeological sites were found during the work. The sites are about 2.4-3.0 km south-southwest of the Early Caddo period Boxed Spring mound site (41UR30) on the north side of the Sabine River.

Two of the archaeological sites (41SM307 and 41SM308) are situated on alluvial landforms in the Sabine River valley at elevations of ca. 280-290 ft. amsl. The …

The J. M. Snow Site (41ce8) In The Neches River Basin, Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The J. M. Snow site (41CE8) is an ancestral Caddo habitation site and probable small cemetery in the Pineywoods of East Texas. According to Jackson, the site had two habitation areas along the bank of an old channel of the Neches River, each some 300 m from an area where the landowner found 8-10 ceramic vessels from one or more burials that had eroded into a ravine. A Bullard Brushed jar was purchased from the landowner.

One of the habitation areas had a well-preserved midden deposit about 4.6-7.6 m in diameter and ca. 46-76 cm in thickness. University of Texas …

Ceramic Petrographic Analysis Of Sites 41cp71, 41bw2, 41bw5, And 41sm442, Northeast Texas, David G. Robinson, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A total of 61 ancestral Caddo ceramic sherds from four village sites in Northeast Texas were studied by ceramic petrographic methods in 2014. The sample sherds were excavated from their sites under controlled conditions and were either archived at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (41BW2), Stephen F. Austin State University (41CP71), or remain in private hands (41SM442). Recently, they were selected for combined petrographic and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), although only the sherds from the Alligator Pond site (41SM442) have actually been submitted and analyzed by INAA at this time. This combination …

Crevice Interments Deconstructed, Stephen L. Black, M. Katherine Spradley, Michelle D. Hamilton

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The discovery of two well preserved human crania in a crevice overlooking a spring fed creek near Austin, Texas, led to medico legal, archeological, and bioanthropological investigations aimed at understanding the context and biological affinity of the crania. Archeological excavations uncovered no evidence that the crania were interred in the crevice during prehistoric times. Skeletal analysis showed they were of Native American ancestry. Radiocarbon dating indicated they are contemporary to one another and probably date to the seventh or eighth century A.D. Measured stable isotopic rations of carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) …

Intensive Archeological Survey For The Proposed City Of Pflugerville Carmel-Sorento Interceptor Line And Force Main Relocation, Travis County, Texas, Haley Rush

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August and September 2015, an intensive archeological survey was completed in order to inventory and evaluate archeological resources within the footprint of proposed wastewater improvements east of Pflugerville in northern Travis County, Texas. The proposed improvements would occur along segments of two separate lines: an interceptor line and a re-routed segment of a previously analyzed force main line. The archeological area of potential effects (APE) includes the footprints of both segments, which cover a total area of approximately 6.2 hectares (ha) or 15.4 acres (ac). The interceptor line is approximately 2 miles or 3.2 kilometers (km) long and the …

Short Report On The Intensive Archeological Survey Of The City Of Austin’S Burleson Road Pressure Conversion Travis County, Texas, Gregg Cestaro, Shannon Smith, Keith Faz, Josh Haefner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Hicks & Company archeologists, working on behalf of K. Friese + Associates and the City of Austin (COA), recently conducted an archeological survey supplemented with shovel testing in undisturbed locations for the COA’s proposed Burleson Road Pressure Conversion project (Figure 1). According to current design plans, pipe will be installed through open-cut trenching with a northern terminus at East Riverside Drive and a southern terminus at Burleson Road within a 10 meter-wide construction corridor. From its northern terminus, the proposed alignment follows Grove Boulevard southward to Montopolis Drive, for an approximate distance of 1,355 meters. After which, the proposed alignment …

Archeological And Bioarcheological Investigations At Campbell’S Bayou Cemetery Galveston County, Texas, Catrina Whitley, Steven M. Hunt, Bill Hersch, Sharlene Allday, Duane E. Peter, Michelle Wurtz Penton, Karissa Basse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the removal of individuals buried within Campbell’s Bayou Cemetery (41GV171) to avoid potential impact to the remains during implementation of remediation activities at the Malone Service Company Superfund Site (Site) in Texas City, TX. An oil recovery and waste processing facility had operated at the Site for more than 30 years, ending in the mid1990s. The facility had stored, processed, and disposed of industrial solid wastes and hazardous wastes. In July 2012, a group of companies known as the Malone Cooperating Parties (MCP) entered into a Consent Decree with the U.S. Government, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, …

Archeological Resources Survey Of The Proposed Waco Riverwalk Extension (Phase 2a), Waco, Mclennan County, Texas, Joel Butler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the results of an archeological resource survey along a 0.66-mile segment of the proposed extension of the Waco Riverwalk, bridging the gap between Franklin Avenue and McLane Stadium, along the Brazos River in Waco, Texas. The survey was conducted in compliance with the Antiquities Code of Texas under Permit No. 7429. Archeologists from AmaTerra Environmental, Inc. (AmaTerra) visually inspected the entire Area of Potential Effects and excavated nine shovel tests in support of the survey. One archeological site was discovered as a result of the survey (41ML308), which is recommended as ineligible for listing as a State …

Bexar County Courthouse Monitoring/Restoration, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa, Jason B. Perez, Paul Shawn Marceaux

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In October 2014 and February 2015, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted archaeological monitoring of the construction associated with Main Street, next to the Bexar County Courthouse, Bexar County, Texas. The archaeological investigations and construction monitoring were conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit No. 7065 with Dr. Paul Shawn Marceaux serving as the Principal Investigator and Antonia Figueroa as the Project Archaeologist.

The goal of archaeological monitoring was to identify any historical properties or features that might be present in the project area. To achieve this goal, a CAR staff …

Cultural Resources Surveys Conducted During August 2015 Central Eagle Ford Zone Gonzales, De Witt, Karnes, And Wilson Counties, Phil Schoch, Reign Clark, Ron Ralph

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the month of August 2015, Goshawk Environmental Consulting, Inc. (Goshawk) conducted four cultural resources surveys within the Eagle Ford Play, Central Eagle Ford Zone at the request of EOG Resources, Inc. (EOG). The projects subjected to cultural resources investigations were the Winwood Unit #1H and #2H Access Road, Manchaca Unit #5H, #6H, #7H, #8H, #9H, and #10H Flowlines, Winona Unit #14 Gas Lift Line, and Allman-Fleetwood Unit Gas Lift Line. Unless otherwise noted, each Area of Potential Effect (APE) was a 75-foot (23-meter [m]) wide right-of-way (ROW) consisting of a 50-foot (15-m) wide permanent easement and a 25-foot (8-m) …

Cultural Resources Surveys Conducted During August 2015 South Eagle Ford Zone Atascosa, La Salle, And Mcmullen Counties, Phillip Schoch, Reign Clark, Ron Ralph

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the month of August 2015, Goshawk Environmental Consulting, Inc. (Goshawk) conducted one cultural resources survey within the Eagle Ford Play, South Eagle Ford Zone, at the request of EOG Resources, Inc. (EOG). The project area, the proposed Cuellar Unit Waterline, was subjected to cultural resources investigations. The Area of Potential Effect (APE) was a 75-foot (23-meter [m]) wide Right-of-Way (ROW) consisting of a 50-foot (15-m) wide permanent easement and a 25-foot (8-m) wide temporary construction easement. Investigations were conducted by Goshawk staff archeologist Phil Schoch with Bear Aspra. Phil Schoch served as primary author and Reign Clark served as …

Short Report On The Archeological Investigations For The City Of Domino’S Proposed New Water Treatment Plant, Cass County, Texas, Josh Haefner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May of 2015, on behalf of the Greater Texoma Utility Authority (GTUA) and the City of Domino (the City), Hicks & Company conducted an intensive archeological survey for the new wastewater treatment plant facility to be located just south of Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 3129, approximately 2,010 meters east of Domino in Cass County, Texas. The purpose of the proposed project is to upgrade current wastewater facilities, with the new treatment plant servicing up to 25,000 gallons of water per day as delivered by planned new sewer line. The City has received funding for the proposed project through a 2014 …