Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

Archeological Testing Of Sites 41wb437 And 41wb438 Webb County, Texas, James T. Abbott

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological sites 41WB437 and 41WB438 are two prehistoric sites situated on opposing terraces of San Idelfonso Creek at the crossing of U.S. Highway 83, approximately 7.5 km south of Laredo, Texas, and 0.6 km upstream from the confluence of the stream and the Rio Grande River. Site 41 WB438 is characterized by a relatively dense accumulation of lithic debris and occasional groundstone fragments scattered across a broad alluvial terrace on the south side of the stream. Site 41WB437 is characterized by a much sparser scatter of cultural material on the north terrace. Both sites, but in particular 41WB438, have been …

Archeological Investigations For Fort Stabilization And Restoration, For Mckavett State Historical Park, Menard County, Texas: 1978-1990 Seasons, Amy C. Earls, John Leffler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The U.S. Army occupations at Fort McKavett from 1853 until 1859 and from 1868 until 1883 were part of Texas's frontier defense. During the Civil War and from 1883 until the present, civilians have inhabited and used the fort buildings, creating the small town of Fort McKavett. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department developed part of the town as a state historical park, restoring this property to its appearance during the second military occupation. Archeological investigations at the park between 1978 and 1990 focused on recovering architectural data and artifacts to support restoration, stabilization, and interpretation of the military occupations. …

Caddo Ceramics On The Red River In North Central Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Earnest R. Martin, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Caddo ceramics manufactured after A.D. 900 were widely traded in Texas, being found in some quantity on North Central, East Central, Central, and inland Southeast Texas archeological sites. They were also traded with prehistoric peoples in the Midwest (as far north as Iowa and Illinois) and the Southeastern U.S. While archeologists have known this for some time, much of the ceramic evidence for prehistoric Caddoan trade and exchange with other Native Americans has not been systematically compiled and studied, as became apparent during a recent review of the prehistoric and historic aboriginal pottery in Texas. Consequently, Caddoan archeologists are not …

Archaeological Investigation At The Marshall Powder Mill (41hs17), Confederate States Of America 1863-1865, Harrison County, Texas: 1994 Season, Thomas E. Speir, David H. Jurney

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Northeast Texas Archeological Society, in conjunction with the East Texas, Dallas, and Tarrant County archeological societies, reinstated archaeological investigations at the Marshall Powder Mill (41HS17) in 1994 following several years of delicate negotiations with the landowner about the value of preserving this archaeological site. The Marshall Powder Mill manufactured gunpowder, small arms and cannon, and refurbished weaponry, and was one of several arsenals that served the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate States of America from 1863 to 1865. None have been thoroughly investigated archaeologically, however, thereby ignoring a major aspect of the Confederacy's war effort, and an important industrial …

An Archaeological Assessment Of The Alazan Acequia (41bx620) In The Five Points Area Of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, David L. Nickels, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May 1996, while tunneling for a sewer line at the intersection of Cornell Street and Fredericksburg Road north of downtown San Antonio, contractors with the San Antonio River Authority (SARA) encountered late-nineteenth-century Alazan Acequia from 7-14ft below the modern surface. The Center for Archaeological Research entered into a contract with SARA to document the architecture and location of the acequia. The 1876 irrigation ditch, designated site 41BX620, was documented by photographs and measured drawings. A plan map of the location was drawn, and an artist's conception of the architecture involved was produced from photographs, drawings, and archaeologists' descriptions.

Archaic Land Use Of Upper Leon Creek Terraces: Archaeological Testing In Northern Bexar County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During a three-week period in March 1995, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted the second phase of archaeological work at 4lBX47 under contract with PapeDawson Engineers. This phase of intensive testing was designed to assess the significance of the Early and Middle Archaic deposits identified during the 1994 CAR survey of the 147-acre project area (Tennis and Hard 1995). These investigations were performed to further comply with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit requirements.

Fieldwork consisted of fourteen 1-x-1-m test units, 59 Gradall trenches, and additional geomorphological investigations. Eight-four burned-rock …

Excavation Of The San Pedro Acequia On The Grounds Of The San Antonio Housing Authority, David L. Nickels, I. Waynne Cox, Connie Gibson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In July and August 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of the University of Texas at San Antonio conducted excavations to determine the location and construction methods of the San Pedro Acequia (41BX337) on the grounds of the San Antonio Housing Authority (SAHA) in southern San Antonio, Texas. CAR was contracted by SAHA to conduct the excavations prior to construction which could impact the acequia. Testing of the site was completed in October 1994.

As a result of shovel testing, Gradall and backhoe operations, and hand excavations of small units, CAR identified the acequia and exposed it for mapping …

Archaeological Survey Of Laughlin Air Force Base, Val Verde County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis, Marcie Renner, Robert J. Hard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the spring of 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a 100-percent pedestrian survey of Laughlin Air Force Base and the Air Force Recreation Area and Marina in Val Verde County, Texas. In addition to the survey, limited paleontological and geomorphological evaluations were made.

One historic site, eight prehistoric sites, and one large site with both prehistoric and historic components were recorded. Additionally, three pre viously recorded sites (De Vore 1993) were revisited. Diagnostic projectile points representing Late Paleoindian through Late Prehistoric occupations were recovered from five of the prehistoric sites. …

The Alamo Restoration And Conservation Project: Excavations At The South Transept, Barbara A. Meissner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January 1995, the Daughters of the Republic of Texas, as custodians of the Alamo Shrine for the state of Texas, contracted with the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio to excavate and/or monitor excavation of approximately 29 square meters outside and 11 square meters inside the south wall of the south transept of the Alamo church. The excavations were made necessary by a plan to insert metal plates into the walls of the Alamo near the foundation, to prevent further damage being caused by groundwater in the lower part of the walls of …

Archeological Testing At Pflugerville Bottling Works, Travis County, Texas, John W. Clark Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archival research and archeological test excavations in connection with proposed development of Dessau Road in north Travis County revealed the presence of the Pflugerville Bottling Works near the north end of the project. The plant was established in 1914 and moved to Austin in 1927. Archeological excavations exposed a midden, paved area and filled brick cistern but did not expose evidence of the building. Because of the lack of an associated building, those parts of the site within the proposed right-of-way are not considered eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.

Final Report Of Test Excavations At Site 41pc476 Along S.H. 349 In Pecos County, Texas, Barbara J. Hickman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The present report outlines all investigations at site 41PC476 from June 26-30, 1996. It also details the methods used and the results obtained during test excavation of the site. A brief analysis of the cultural materials identified at the site is included. Eroded burned rock concentrations are exposed on the surface of site 4 1PC476, and fire-cracked rock was found below the ground surface as well. Although a few lithic artifacts were found in test excavations, no ethnobotanical remains were identified. All diagnostic artifacts were recovered from the surface. The artifactual evidence indicates an Archaic period occupation with lithic activities …

Archeological Investigations Of The Caddo Lake Scholars Program At Caddo Lake State Park, Harrison County, Texas, 1993-1995, Bob D. Skiles, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Mike Turner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological investigations between 1993-1995 at Caddo State Park, reported herein, represent the initial efforts of the Caddo Lake Institute's archeology team to conduct an education/training program, as well as to begin the process of identifying important archeological and historical resources in the Caddo Lake Basin. The archeology team will undertake several archeological projects in 1995-1996 in the Caddo Lake bioregion, particularly in the RAMSAR Treaty lands (Caddo Lake Wildlife Management Area) and on adjoining tracts of private land. Students and mentors from the consortium of Caddo Lake Scholars Program universities and schools are invited to participate in our archeological efforts, …

Collected Papers On Caddoan Archaeology In The Upper Sabine River Basin, Northeastern Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This Special Publication of the Friends of Northeast Texas Archaeology presents a series of papers written and published between 1983-1994 on various aspects of the archaeology of the Upper Sabine River basin in Northeast Texas (Figure 1). Their particular focus is on the lifeways and material culture of the Caddoan peoples who permanently settled in the basin between about A.D. 700-800 (if not earlier) and the mid- 1700s.

This part of Northeast Texas has a highly significant and diverse archaeological record, one that has intrigued professional and a vocational archaeologists alike for at least 75 years (e.g., Pearce 1920; Johnson …

Evidence Of Resource Procurement And Manufacturing Techniques In Caddoan Ceramic Assemblages From The Sabine, Cypress, And Sulphur River Drainage Basins, Rusk And Titus Counties, Texas, Kathryn Reese-Taylor

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Texas Utilities Services and Espey, Huston & Associates, Inc. have conducted ongoing archaeological investigations of cultural resources in Northeast Texas for the past 15 years. As a part of these studies, prehistoric Caddoan ceramic assemblages were recovered from 13 sites in three distinct drainage basins: three sites from the Sabine River drainage; three sites from the Cypress Creek drainage; and seven sites from the Sulphur River drainage. Recent research on the ceramic collections has emphasized variability in surface treatment, vessel form, and paste composition by means of a detailed attribute analysis and petrographic examination of a sample of the Caddoan …

Excavations At Mission San Jose Y San Miguel De Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas, Robert J. Hard, Anne A. Fox, I. Waynne Cox, Kevin J. Gross, Barbara A. Meissner, Guillermo I. Mendez, Cynthia L. Tennis, Jose E. Zapata

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report details an archaeological study of Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo conducted during the spring and summer of 1993. The study was undertaken by the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio, in accordance with a contract between the National Park Service (owner) and Cox/Croslin and Associates (sponsor). The principal research objective focused on determining the extent of impact the planned visitors' center construction and improvements would have on the mission's Spanish colonial features. Backhoe trenching, shovel testing, and unit excavations were used in the areas to be impacted by the …

Exhumation Of A Hero, Colonel Ben Milam, Milam Park Renovation, Phase I, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the last part of 1992 and the beginning of 1993, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio monitored the initial stages of Phase I renovation and construction at Milam Park, New City Block 330. The work for this stage consisted of the removal of portions of an existing wall, ground preparation and leveling in the center of the park, construction of the footing for the new kiosk, and grading for a construction access ramp from Houston Street. Additionally, the excavation of three 4-x-20-ft backhoe trenches was monitored 1 in an attempt …

Excavation In A Historic Cemetery Milam Park Renovation Phase Ii, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Phase n of archaeological investigations at Milam Park in downtown San Antonio, Texas, were conducted by staff members from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio. This project consisted of shovel tests and monitoring of all excavations connected with construction and renovation activities at the park. Shovel tests were dug prior to ground alterations to assess the amount of recent fill dirt covering the historic surface of the park.

The assessment allowed identification of areas of the park that might be sensitive to construction impact. This information was used by the San Antonio …

Archaeological Testing Of 41bx1131 At O.R. Mitchell Dam, Bexar County, Texas, David L. Nickels, Aric Kertis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research contracted with the Simpson Group to conduct testing of 41BXl131, a prehistoric archaeological site located at the base of O. R. Mitchell Dam, on Medio Creek in southwest Bexar County. The purpose of testing was to determine whether or not the site would be impacted by construction of a spillway in the immediate area.

A pedestrian survey identified the extent of surface scatter. Subsequent shovel testing and backhoe trenching determined that the site had no depth, and consisted of a surface scatter only.

Documentation Of The San Pedro Acequia (41bx337) At Trevino Street, San Antonio, Texas, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research entered into a contract with the San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department to provide monitoring for the Trevino Street improvements immediately to the north of San Fernando Cathedral in downtown San Antonio. Previous investigations had shown that the stonelined San Pedro acequia existed at the curb line on Main Avenue.

Monitoring was conducted as the street surface was removed and, as expected, the acequia was exposed. The location of the acequia was documented by photography and measured drawings. A plan map of the location was produced and archival research revealed the history …

An Archival Search For The Alamo-Concepcion Aquaduct, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In June 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio undertook an archival search for the San Antonio Water System to evaluate the impact of construction along South Alamo Street in downtown San Antonio. Previous research indicated the probable remains of a stone aqueduct below the street surface near the intersection of South Alamo and South St. Mary's streets.

The results of this study indicate that the historical structure may be imperiled by the construction; therefore, monitoring should be conducted during any excavation in that area. If any traces of the aqueduct are encountered, …

An Archaeological Assessment Of 47 Acres At Friedrich Park In San Antonio, Texas, Jeffrey J. Durst

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From May 24, 1995 to June 20, 1995, the Center for Archaeological Research conducted a cultural resources survey of 47 acres owned by the San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department. The survey covered three parcels of property adjoining the existing Friedrich Wilderness Park located on Milsa Road in northern Bexar County, Texas.

As a result of surface examination and subsurface testing, CAR has determined that no further investigations are recommended for Areas A and B. In Area C, where a historic house site is located, three alternative recommendations are offered, depending on future plans of the Parks and Recreation Department.

Historical Archaeology In Downtown San Antonio, Texas: An Evaluation Of Properties At The Proposed Via Downtown Park And Ride Facility, C. Britt Bousman, Anne A. Fox, Kevin J. Gross, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

VIA Metropolitan Transit is proposing to build a Park and Ride Facility near downtown San Antonio immediately east of Interstate Highway 37 in an area bounded by Crockett, Center, and Walnut Streets, and IH 37. Starting in the 1850s this area has been traditionally inhabited primarily by African-Americans. A review of previous archaeological investigations in the downtown area of San Antonio revealed a gap in knowledge concerning African-Americans in San Antonio.

Individual lot evaluations indicate intact archaeological materials may survive in certain areas. If these areas are to be impacted then additional archaeological evaluations would be needed to accurately assess …

An Archival And Archaeological Study For The Relocation Of Three Historic Homes In Hemisfair Park, San Antonio, Texas, Edgar D. Johnson, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research contracted with Kell Munoz Wigodsky, Inc., to undertake an archival study of Hemisfair Park. Three historic standing structures will be moved to three vacant lots in the park. Archival research demonstrated that two of the three structures - the Wietzel and Amaya houses - were the first buildings on the lots, while the third structure - the O.K. Bar - was in place by 1896 and was the first substantial structure on the lot. The Wietzel and Amaya houses will be moved to lots that have never had buildings. The O.K. Bar will be moved …

Archaeological Survey Of Upper Leon Creek Terraces, Bexar County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis, Robert J. Hard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In June and July 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an archaeological survey on a 147-acre tract of land along Leon Creek in northern San Antonio for Pape-Dawson Engineers. The archaeological work was needed for compliance with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers permit requirements before construction of a water storage facility.

Four archaeological sites (41BX40, 4IBX47 , 4IBX48, and 4IBX50) had been recorded within this area in 1970 by avocational archaeologists. Additionally, CAR staff members conducted a brief reconnaissance over a 60-acre portion of the property in 1992. …

Data Recovery At Lake Alan Henry (Justiceburg Reservior), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 3, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler, Martha Doty Freeman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The third and final season of Phase III data recovery at Lake Alan Henry (formerly Justiceburg Reservoir), located on the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, was conducted during the fall of 1992. The work consisted of intensive archeological investigations at one historic site and four prehistoric sites. Subsequent to the Season 3 data recovery fieldwork, a newly discovered rock art site (41KTl64) was documented. The historic component at 41GR474 consists of a dugout depression and the ruins of a wood frame house and related complex of ranching structures. It was the homestead …

Archeological And Geomorphological Investigations At Prehistoric Sites 41wy50 And 41wy60, Willacy County, Texas, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January through March 1993, archeological and geomorphological investigations were conducted at two clay dune sites, 41WY50 and 41WY60, in the outfall area of the Hidalgo-Willacy Drainage Ditch system. This work represents the final investigations of a cultural resource management program conducted for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the local sponsors, Hidalgo County Drainage District No. 1 and Willacy County Drainage District No. I, by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. The results of the archeological investigations were poor. Neither site yielded materials of unquestionable cultural origin, although several small basin-shaped hearth features were encountered. Based on radiocarbon assays from …

Human Skeletal Remains From The Tyson Site (41sy92), Helen D. Dockall

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the 1993 field season at the Tyson site (41SY92), conducted by the East Texas and Northeast Texas Archaeological societies, two burial features were uncovered. These features contained the skeletal remains of three Caddo subadults, ranging in age from birth to one to two years. Burial 1 yielded the partial skeleton of a child less than two years old, as well as elements of a second, slightly younger, child. Burial 2 produced the remains of a well-preserved infant. This article describes the excavation and osteology protocols, a description of taphonomic conditions, inventory of these burials, demography, size of the subadults, …

The Rowland Clark (41rr77) Site, Red River County, Texas : Editor's Introduction, Gegory Perino, Leonard Blake, Carol J. Loveland

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Rowland Clark (41RR77) and Dan Holdeman (41RR11) archaeological sites were excavated in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Gregory Perino of the Museum of Red River in Idabel, Oklahoma. Manuscripts on those investigations were prepared by Perino shortly after the conclusion of the work, but these were never published, remaining instead on file at the Museum of the Red River.

A Update Of Archaeological Investigations At The Tyson Site (41sy92), Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In recent years, much of the research concerning prehistoric and historic Caddoan lifeways has focused on socio-political organization and community structure. Models have been proposed to predict the character of the archaeological record based on European observations of Caddo an life during the 17th-19th centuries. A brief review of these models is warranted to provide the necessary background for interpreting the results of recent archaeological work at an interesting 15th century site in Deep East Texas.

Story and Creel have developed an integrative model to describe Hasinai Caddo "settlement patterns, socio-political organization, and intergroup interactions" based on ethnographic and archaeological …

Analysis Of Rowland Clark Site Corn, Leonard Blake

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The carbonized com from the Rowland Clark site, Red River County, Texas was received from Gregory Perino, then of the Museum of the Red River, in March 1982. The analysis of the com is presented by feature, with remarks on the cobs as appropriate. Table 1 presents a summary by feature of the com cob analysis, while Table 2 compares the com from Rowland Clark with samples of com cobs from other well-studied Caddoan sites.