Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

Archaeological Survey Of Three Land Parcels And Shovel Testing Of Four Sites At Camp Bowie, Brown County, Texas, Russell D. Greaves

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Pedestrian survey and shovel testing of three land parcels and shovel testing of four previously identified archaeological sites in Camp Bowie, Brown County, Texas, was performed by the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio during October and November of 2001. This work, conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 2310, was undertaken as a result of recommendations from Wormser and Sullo-Prewitt (2001) following their archaeological survey and site recording efforts.

Three areas of Camp Bowie were surveyed and shovel tested. Parcel 1 is 74 acres (30 ha) in extent and 46 shovel tests were …

Archeological Data Recovery Excavations Along Becerra Creek (41wb556), Webb County, Texas, Richard B. Mahoney, Raymond P. Maudlin, Steve A. Tomka

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From June through August 2000, The Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted archeological data recovery for prehistoric site 41WB556, under contract with Texas Department of Transportation. The investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit Number 2412. The Phase III data recovery consisted of excavation of 64 1-m2 units across the site in order to investigate significant cultural deposits encountered during the previous survey and testing phases. In concert with the archeological field investigations, the following special analyses and studies were performed to aid the determination of site integrity and chronology: geoarcheology, radiocarbon dating, …

San Jacinto Battleground And State Historical Park: A Historical Synthesis And Archaeological Management Plan, I. Waynne Cox, Steve A. Tomka

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The San Jacinto Battleground State Historical Park is located in Harris County, about 20 miles (32 kilometers) east of downtown Houston. The park is situated adjacent the San Jacinto River and about five miles (eight kilometers) northwest of where the river empties into Galveston Bay. The park is comprised of a little over 1,100 acres (hectares) that have been accumulated over the years, beginning in 1883. Management of the park has been in the hands of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department since 1965. The adoption of a new master plan and anticipated park development underscored the need to better …

Archeological Testing At Prehistoric Site 41ur36 Upshur County, Texas, Steven Ahr

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From September 27-30, 1999, TxDOT archeologists conducted archeological testing of site 41UR36 within the proposed areas of impact for the FM 1002 widening at Glade Creek in Upshur County. Archeologists hand-excavated four 1 -x- 1 -m test units and one 1.5-x-0.5-m test unit. The goal was to assess the integrity of the portion of the site within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) and determine whether it was eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.

Relatively few temporally or functionally diagnostic tools were recovered. Except for two Middle Archaic and one Late Archaic Period projectile points, only …

The Medio Creek Site (41bx1421): National Register Test Excavations, Bexar County Texas, Richard B. Mahoney, Raymond P. Mauldin, Barbara A. Meissner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During April 2001, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted National Register of Historic Places eligibility testing for archeological site 41BX1421, located in southwest Bexar County, Texas, under contract with the Texas Department of Transportation. The investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit Number 2569. The Phase II testing fieldwork consisted of excavation of five test units across the site to investigate cultural deposits encountered during the previous survey phase. A single sheet midden consisting of burned limestone cobbles was encountered across the majority of the site. In concert with the archeological field …

Testing Of Noodle Creek Site 41js102 Jones County, Texas, J. Michael Quigg, Grant D. Smith, Audrey L. Scott, Jeffrey D. Owens

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Staff Archeologists from the Environmental Affairs Division of Texas Department of Transportation discovered buried cultural resources that constitute archeological site 41JS102, in June and July 2001 at the proposed location of a bridge replacement over Noodle Creek in Jones County, Texas. Shovel testing and backhoe trenching revealed cultural material at 65 cm below the surface. Following this discovery the Texas Department of Transportation made recommendations to the Texas Historical Commission to assess site 41JS 102 and they concurred. In September 2001 archeologists from the Texas Department of Transportation initiated the site assessment phase. Landowner complications halted that work before completion. …

Archaeological Investigations At The Last Spanish Colonial Mission Establised On The Texas Frontier: Nuestra Senora Del Rufugio (41rf1), Refugio County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between 1998 and 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, conducted archaeological investigations at the Spanish Colonial-period Mission Nuestra Señora del Refugio, located in Refugio County, in southern Texas. This project was conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 2025. The initial phase of the excavations concentrated along US 77, in the TxDOT right-of-way, and the subsequent work conducted led to the exhumation of 165 burials, the discovery of the location of the 1796 church and the associated mission compound features.

The excavations and subsequent analyses were guided by several research questions focused on shedding …

Camp Mabry Archaeological Survey And Testing, Travis County, Texas, Richard S. Jones, John J. Leffler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In October 2001, the Center for Archaeological Studies (CAS) was contracted by the Adjutant General’s Department of the Texas Army National Guard (AGTX) to perform a 100% systematic archaeological survey on the grounds of Camp Mabry, in Austin. The project was comprised of a pedestrian survey, extensive shovel testing, and the excavation of two backhoe trenches. The survey resulted in the discovery of an 8 x 8-meter prehistoric site, 41TV1954. In addition, two previously recorded archaeological sites (41TV1667 and 41TV1722) were revisited, and shovel tests were excavated in order to reevaluate and document cultural resources and site boundaries. Based on …

Human Skeletal Remains From 41cp25, The Peach Orchard Overlook Site, And Their Archaeological Context, Diane E. Wilson, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Human skeletal remains analyzed from the Peach Orchard Overlook site (41CP25) were recovered from a burial exposed along the eroding shoreline of Lake Bob Sandlin in the mid-1980s. Although the remains appeared to be from a single individual, a minimum of two individuals were represented by the human remains studied by Wilson; there was also one non-human tooth (possibly a deer molar) that will not be discussed in this article. The human remains described here from the Peach Orchard Overlook site are from an Early Caddoan (ca. A.D. 1000-1200) period component, based on the recovery of Crockett Curvilinear Incised and …

Botanical Materials From The Griffin Mound (41ur142) And Underwood (41cp230) Sites, J. Phil Dering

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article presents the results of the macrobotanical analysis of samples from two Caddoan archaeological sites in Northeast Texas. Two flotation samples and 34 screen samples were examined from 41 UR 142, the Griffin Mound site, a Middle Caddoan settlement located on a tributary of Little Cypress Creek. Fifteen finescreen samples were examined from 41CP230, the Underwood site. The screen samples from the Underwood site were recovered from a Late Caddoan Titus phase midden on Big Cypress Creek, in the Lake Bob Sandlin area.

Griffin Mound Site (41ur142) Faunal Analyses, Leeanna Schniebs

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The investigation of the Griffin Mound site (41UR142) in the Little Cypress Creek basin in Upshur County, Texas, yielded 394 faunal specimens with a total assemblage weight of 127.71 grams. This sum includes all turtle shell, antler, and bone fragments. Faunal material was recovered from the site surface, four shovel tests, and four units in a 2 x 2 m excavation at this Middle Caddoan site, consisting of midden deposits and a large storage pit feature. The following sections of this article discuss the methods employed in the faunal analysis, results of taxonomic identification and quantification, and distribution of these …

Silica Froth: An Indicator Of Thatch Artchitecture, David H. Jurney, Velicia Bergstrom

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological reports of silica froth are noted from Kansas to Texas, and are usually interpreted as evidence of burned grass- or cane-thatched buildings. However, many archaeological excavations in the Caddoan region fail to mention this material. Does this reflect idiosyncratic factors in the formation of silica froth, lack of expertise on the part of excavators/analysts, or differential recovery techniques? Archaeological and experimental data indicate that Caddoan houses frequently left silica froth as a residue when they burned. The implications are that archaeologists may be missing this key architectural item and that silica froth may be used to infer the presence …

Archaeological Investigation Of An Oil Well Pad Disturbance At The Tom Moore Site (41pn149), Panola County, Texas, Patti Haskins, Mark Walters, S. Elieen Goldborer

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Tom Moore site (41PN149) is situated on the east slope of a circular-shaped landform at the highest point of a steeply-sloping upland in the Irons Bayou valley in Panola County, Texas. Irons Bayou, 1.2 km to the west of the site, flows east to its confluence with the Sabine River. A small tributary of Irons Bayou is 600 m to the south. Soils here are a brown sandy loam overlying a very hard red clay B-horizon. Like most of East Texas, the land has been farmed previously, as indicated by old plow furrows, and it has reforested naturally in …

Archaeological Investigations And Oxidizable Carbon Ratio Dates From 41rk476, Rusk County, Texas, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Volunteer survey work on a section of Rabbit Creek in Rusk County, Texas, found a possible buried midden deposit at 41RK476. This ongoing survey, which has resulted in 10 new sites being recorded, was conducted with the assistance of Bryan Boyd, also a member of the Texas Archeological Society and the Texas Archeological Stewards Network. Also aiding with shovel tests were Bo Nelson, Patti Haskins, Tim Perttula, and Bobby Gonzalez. Of particular interest in selecting this area for archaeological survey was the presence of protohistoric Caddo and historic Cherokee Indian groups that have been reported on Rabbit Creek. The creek …

Texas In The Year 1000: What It Was Like Then In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper summarizes the native history of the Caddo peoples who lived in East Texas in the Year 1000. Of particular focus are the origins and early developments of the Caddoan tradition, regional diversity, subsistence changes and agricultural intensification, and socio-political dynamics.

Prehistoric Ceramic Sherds From 41mm341 On The Little River, Milam County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Site 41MM341 is a stratified Late Prehistoric site along the Little River in Milam County, Texas, not far from the confluence of the Little River and the Brazos River. Calibrated two-sigma radiocarbon dates from Zone 2 (ca. 70-90 em bs) range from AD 660-1190, and one two-sigma calibrated date of AD 1320- 1480 has been obtained from Zone I (0 to ca. 70 em bs). A few ceramic sherds were found in Zone 1 deposits. Based on the Zone 1 calibrated radiocarbon date, Mahoney and Tomka concluded that the latest occupation of 41MM341 took place during the Toyah phase, and …

Archaeology Beneath The Greens: An Archaeological Assessment Of 41kr573, 41kr574, And 41kr575 At The Scott Schreiner Municipal Golf Course In Kerrville, Texas, Robert R. Rector

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The 1999 renovations at the Scott Schreiner Municipal Golf Course offer a unique opportunity for both the golfing community and the archaeological researchers involved with prehistoric settlement patterns along tributaries of major rivers in southcentral Texas. For the golfers, an improved course will be available, for archaeological research, a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to evaluate subsurface deposits along Quinlan Creek in downtown Kerrville is available.

Since the golf course was established in 1924, many surface modifications are present. No archaeological investigations have been conducted in the area, however, many artifacts have been recovered by golfers. Through provisions in the Antiquities Code of …

An Archaeological Survey Of Twin Buttes Reservoir, Tom Green County, Texas, Volume Iii, Raymond P. Mauldin, David L. Nickels

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From December of 1998 through November of 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted a Class III archaeology survey of 10,195 acres (4125 ha) within Twin Buttes Reservoir, a flood control and irrigation facility near the city of San Angelo in west-central Tom Green County, Texas. The 100 percent pedestrian survey, conducted for the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), was primarily a section 110, of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), effort. The survey was conducted in conjunction with repair of existing seepage at Twin Buttes Dam. …

National Register Eligibility Testing Of 41mm340 And 41mm341, Along Little River, Milam County, Texas, Richard B. Mahoney, Steve A. Tomka

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From January through March 2000, the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted National Register of Historic Places eligibility testing for archaeological sites 41MM340 and 41MM341, under contract with Texas Department of Transportation. The investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit Number 2319. The Phase II testing fieldwork consisted of excavation of 20 test units across both sites to investigate significant cultural deposits encountered during the previous survey phase. Four distinct stratified cultural zones at 41MM340 and at least two cultural zones at 41MM341 were identified during the testing efforts. In concert with the archaeological …

Archaeological Testing In The Mission Concepción Courtyard (41bx12), San Antonio, Texas, Kristi H. Miller, Barbara A. Meissner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report describes archaeological investigations conducted in January, 2000 which constituted Phase 1 of a project designed to expose and stabilize the remaining walls and floors of Colonial period rooms south of the church at Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña, in the southern part of San Antonio, Texas. This phase of the project, conducted by the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio and sponsored by the National Park Service, was performed to determine the depth of the floors of the buried rooms within the courtyards, to allow architects to complete plans …

Archaeological Survey Of The West Salado Creek Lift Station Project, San Antonio, Texas, Kristi H. Miller

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During October of 1999, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a pedestrian survey, shovel testing, and backhoe trenching along a portion of Salado Creek in southeastern San Antonio, Texas in order to identify cultural resources that may be impacted by a proposed sewer line. The project encompassed three areas (Phase I, II, and III) where the proposed route of a sewer line was to cross Salado Creek. Phase I and the east side of the Phase II crossing were surveyed. Results from shovel tests and backhoe trenches indicated that the proposed …

1999 Reburial At Mission San Juan Capistrano, San Antonio, Texas, Steve A. Tomka, José E. Zapata

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On November 15, 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), The University of Texas at San Antonio, returned 122 curation boxes containing human remains of between 103 and 125 individuals to Monsignor Balthazar Janacek, Archdiocese Director, Old Spanish Missions. These remains had been obtained during two previous Witte Memorial Museum excavations at Mission San Juan Capistrano. Subsequently, CAR returned the majority of the burial goods associated with these human remains to Monsignor Janacek. CAR then entered into an agreement with the Archdiocese of San Antonio to locate and monitor the excavation of the two reburial areas that were to coincide …

Archaeological Investigations At A Spanish Colonial Site, (41ka26-B) Karnes County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In July, 1998, the Center for Archaeology Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) was awarded a contract by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) for artifact analysis and report composition on archaeological investigations at a Spanish Colonial period site in Karnes County in south Texas. The data for this analysis and interpretation was recovered during 1985 TxDOT excavations at site 41KA26.

Forty-five test units and seven shovel tests were excavated resulting in the recovery of approximately 4000 artifacts including over 1000 peives of animal bone, 445 Native American pottery sherds, 404 pieces of Spanish ceramics, …

The T.C. Osborn Tenant Farm, 41bp314: An Early Sharecropper Site In Bastrop County, Texas, José E. Zapata

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The T. C. Osborn tenant site was located in Bastrop, Bastrop County, about 1,300 ft. (410 m) east of the juncture of Gills Branch Creek and the Colorado River, along the path of present-day Lovers Lane, and just south of State Highway 71. This site was determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places and investigated in February and March 1987 by John W. Clark of the Texas Department of Transportation, prior to being impacted by the construction of Lovers Lane. A total of 32 units were excavated, and the recovered artifacts include ceramic sherds, glass fragments, beads and …

An Archaeological Survey Of Twin Buttes Reservoir, Tom Green County, Texas, Raymond P. Mauldin, David L. Nickels

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From December of 1998 through November of 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted a Class III archaeology survey of 10,195 acres (4125 ha) within Twin Buttes Reservoir, a flood control and irrigation facility near the city of San Angelo in west-central Tom Green County, Texas. The 100 percent pedestrian survey, conducted for the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), was primarily a section 110, of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), effort. The survey was conducted in conjunction with repair of existing seepage at Twin Buttes Dam. …

An Archaeological Survey Of Twin Buttes Reservoir, Tom Green County, Texas, Volume Ii, Raymond P. Mauldin, David L. Nickels

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From December of 1998 through November of 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted a Class III archaeology survey of 10,195 acres (4125 ha) within Twin Buttes Reservoir, a flood control and irrigation facility near the city of San Angelo in west-central Tom Green County, Texas. The 100 percent pedestrian survey, conducted for the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), was primarily a section 110, of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), effort. The survey was conducted in conjunction with repair of existing seepage at Twin Buttes Dam. …

Archaeological Testing Of Site 41bx1199, Government Canyon State Natural Area, Bexar County, Texas, Jason D. Weston

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May 2001, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), The University of Texas at San Antonio, tested two areas of site 41BX1199 in the Government Canyon State Natural Area. The Natural Area is located in northwest Bexar County and is under the ownership and management of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). In advance of opening the Natural Area for public use, TPWD contracted with the CAR to conduct a 100 percent pedestrian survey of proposed trail systems within the property and to carry out National Register eligibility testing of site 41BX1199. CAR personnel conducted the testing of 41BX1199 …

Laredo Utility Relocation Project, Chacon Creek, Webb County, Texas, Anthony S. Lyle

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August of 2000, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) were contracted to test for archaeological deposits along the route of a proposed utility pipeline relocation in Laredo, Texas. The route of the proposed pipeline relocation will impact a 690-foot (210 m) section along Meadow Avenue at the bridge crossing Chacon Creek, in Laredo. CAR archaeologists monitored the excavation of six backhoe trenches along the proposed relocation route in order to test for buried cultural materials. No intact cultural deposits were encountered. The majority of the tested section was …

An Archaeological Survey Of 90 Acres At Camp Bowie, Brown County, Texas, Raymond P. Mauldin, Cory J. Broehm

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In February, March, and May of 2001, personnel from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), The University of Texas at San Antonio, conducted a cultural resource inventory survey, involving pedestrian survey and shovel testing, of an approximately 90-acre (364,060 m2) tract of land in a plowed field on Camp Bowie, Brown County, Texas. A total of 104 shovel tests were systematically placed within the 90-acre area. The survey identified three prehistoric sites, all lithic scatters defined by surface material. Twelve additional shovel tests were placed on these three sites. An arrow point fragment, collected from the surface of 41BR499, suggests …

Test Excavations At The Culebra Creek Site, 41bx126, Bexar County, Texas, David L. Nickels, C. Britt Bousman, Jeff D. Leach, Diane A. Cargill

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological test excavations were undertaken at 4IBX126 on Culebra Creek to offset the impact from a proposed Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) highway improvement project on Loop 1604 in northwest Bexar County. Archaeological investigations were conducted in three field seasons: the first two seasons were conducted by TxDOT archaeologists and the third was directed by personnel from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio. During the three projects, 55 hand-dug units, 29 backhoe trenches, 36 shovel tests, and eight Gradall trenches were excavated. Seventeen features were recorded; 25 radiocarbon assays were conducted; over …