Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

Alcoa #1 (41an87): A Frankston Phase Settlement Along Mound Prairie Creek, Anderson County, Texas, Clyde Amick, Ed Furman, Timothy K. Perttula, James E. Bruseth, Bonnie C. Yates

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The ALCOA #1 (41AN87) site is a Frankston Phase (ca. A.D. 1400-1650) site located on a high alluvial terrace of Mound Prairie Creek, about seven kilometers northeast of Palestine, Texas. Mound Prairie Creek, a perennial stream, flows southeast to east across the county and drains into the Neches River. The site is approximately 10 meters above the Mound Prairie Creek floodplain, and the creek channel is 300 meters to the south.

Although the investigations at the site have been rather limited to date, it appears that the ALCOA #1 site is a single component Frankston Phase homestead, or possibly a …

The Cheatwood Place (41rr181), A Midden Mound Along Little Mustang Creek, Red River County, Texas, Steve Gaither, Timothy K. Perttula, Gary Cheatwood

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Cheatwood Place is a multi-component midden mound located on an upland projection at the confluence of Christopher Branch and Little Mustang Creek, about 1.5 kilometers north of the Sulphur River. The site has thick midden deposits with excellent fauna! and shell preservation, and promises to contribute important information on several periods of Sulphur River prehistory. The archaeological record in this part of the Sulphur River basin is not well known at present.

Investigations at the Cheatwood Place site have been limited to surface collections, and the excavation by Cheatwood of a single 1 x 1 meter test unit in …

A Perspective On Arkansas Basin And Ozark Highland Prehistory, J. Daniel Rogers

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

It is, from time to time, valuable to reassess and perhaps shed new light on long-held perspectives. In "The 'Northern Caddoan Area' was not Caddoan," Frank Schambach provides a provocative reinterpretation of the archaeology of the Arkansas Basin and Ozark Highland regions of Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri. While certain comments in this paper have merit and deserve deeper consideration, the central theme and supporting arguments are severely flawed, both from conceptual and data points of view.

Schambach's central argument is that there were no Caddoans in the Arkansas Basin and Ozark Highlands north of Spiro. To make this point he …

Notes From The Northwest Louisiana Regional Archaeology Program, Jeff Girard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the spring of 1990 a project was started by the Northwest Louisiana Regional Archaeology Program to re-locate and update information on sites in northwestern Louisiana initially investigated by Dr. Clarence Webb of Shreveport. A summary of information from several sites likely to be of interest to Caddo archaeologists is presented here.

The Regional Archaeology Program i.a jointly sponsored by Northwestern State University and the Louisiana Division of Archaeology. The primary purpose of the program is to record and update information about archaeological sites in the region located on private and state lands. The program also will compile and manage …

Archaeological Investigations At Site 41bx66 Along Loop 1604, Bexar County, Texas, A. Joachim Mcgraw, Barbara J. Hickman, Frank A. Weir

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeologists from the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation conducted surface collection and test excavations at Site 41BX66 in 1988 and 1989. The site, located along Loop 1604 in northern Bexar County, contained a surface scatter of lithic artifacts and fire-cracked rock. Expansion of the Loop 1604 right-of-way impacted the site area, necessitating a testing program. The results of that subsurface testing indicate that the site area of 41BX66 within the highway right-of-way (ROW) was not eligible to the National Register of Historic Places and no further work was recommended. TXDOT

Archaeological Testing At An Eolian Depression Along U.S. 281 In Brooks County, Texas, Barbara J. Hickman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

An eolian depression within the proposed right-of-way for U.S. Highway 281 was examined in subsurface testing by an archaeologist with the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation. Using both mechanical and manual methods, two trenches and a test unit were dug at the topographic feature to evaluate the location's potential for cultural resources. No historical or prehistoric artifacts were identified, and in the absence of archaeological materials, no further work is recommended for the eolian feature.

Test Excavations At 41bx791 And 41bx845: Two Burned- Rock Midden Sites Along Proposed S.H. 211 In Northwestern Bexar County, Texas, Barbara J. Hickman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeologists from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), formerly the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT), performed subsurface test investigations at two burned rock midden sites in northwest Bexar County in 1990 after award of contract. Sites 41BX791 and 41BX845 are situated within the proposed State Highway 211 highway right-of- way (ROW) between S.H. 16 and F.M. 471. Based on diagnostic artifact types, the sites were occupied during the late Early Archaic to Late Prehistoric periods. No activity areas were identifiable at either site, and no radiocarbon samples were obtainable to substantiate site chronology. Site 41BX791 offered only …

Archeological Testing Within The Right-Of-Way Of Fm 1929, At Site 41cn218, Coleman County, And In The Vicinity Of Site Complex 41cc48/49/50/51 And Site 41cc52, And Site 41cc246, Concho County, Texas, G. R. Dennis Price, A. Joachim Mcgraw

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) conducted archaeological testing within the right-of-way of FM 1929 at site 41CN218 in Coleman County, and in the vicinity of site complex 41CC48/49/50/51 and 41CC52 in Concho County. Intensive surface survey and mapping was also undertaken at site 41CC246 in Concho County. This report details the work undertaken, and summarizes the cultural sequence of the area.

Excavations at site 41CN218 did not reveal any evidence of discrete cultural stratigraphy. Rather it appeared that artifacts were scattered throughout an upper brownish soil horizon, which in places reached depths of about 2 meters. …

Archaeological Testing At Sites 41hl35 And 41hl67, Hall County, Texas, Glenn T. Goode

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Sites 41HL67 and 41HL35 are prehistoric campsites located in west-central Hall County, Texas. Situated about 3 miles apart, these sites have several key elements in common. Each site occurs near a prong of the Red River, each was partially destroyed by the building of FM 657, and each will be further destroyed by the proposed roadwork on FM 657. Also, the cultural material at each site was covered by eolian sand deposits, and in both cases the artifact sample recovered during test excavations was quite small. A complete hearth was found at Site 41HL67 and hearth remnants were found at …

Significance Testing At Sites 41fy170 And 41fy509, Fayette County, Texas, G. R. Dennis Price

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) conducted archaeological significance testing at Sites 41FY170 and 41FY509 which are within the right-of-way proposed improvements to State Highway 71 in the vicinity of Plum, a community in Fayette County. As the construction will use federal funding, the testing was undertaken under the guidelines of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and its implementing regulations, 36CFR, Part 800, and the National Environmental Policy Act.

Testing at Site 41FY170 revealed both prehistoric and historic artifacts. The prehistoric artifacts, none of which are temporally or culturally diagnostic, indicate that the area was …

Archaeological Investigations At The De Zavala Point For The Proposed Penn-Texas Shoreline Improvement Project, Harris County, Texas, Daniel R. Potter

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May 1990, archaeologists for the Center of Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, conducted a surface survey and subsurface testing program on De Zavala Point, a small tongue of land sticking out into the Houston ship channel in Harris County. The locality has been selected for the construction of a large-vessel docking facility. Survey and testing activities were performed in order to evaluate known archaeological sites and to locate any additional archaeological remains which might be affected by dock construction and operation. In addition, the state of preservation of the important De Zavala historic cemetery (41 …

Archaeological Survey For Two Pipeline Crossings At Venado Creek, Jackson County, Texas, Herbert G. Uecker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio, investigated the cultural resource potential of two proposed pipeline crossings along Venado Creek in Jackson County, Texas, for Mobil Exploration & Producing U. S. Inc. Surface surveys and shovel tests were performed at both crossings during the investigation. No cultural materials were encountered within the proposed impact zones, which were observed to have been substantially disturbed in recent decades by natural and artificial activities. Thus, no further archaeological work is recommended prior to or during the pending construction.

Testing Of The San Jose Mission Acequia, San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, Bexar County, Texas, Anne A. Fox, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The purpose of this project was to locate and identify the acequia madre, or main irrigation ditch, where it ran between the east wall of Mission San Jose and San Jose Drive and to trace out the location of another ditch, part of which was found during road construction in the area in 1981. After confirmation of the location of the main ditch through deed and archival research, a backhoe was used to precisely locate the ditch on the site. The second ditch was relocated and its course followed to the north boundary of the park property in this area. …

Archival Investigation Of The Pyron Homestead (41bx278), New City Block 7657, San Antonio, Texas, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, conducted an archival investigation on a portion of New City Block 7657 in southeast San Antonio for the Texas Trust Savings Bank of Marble Falls, Texas. The property contained the site of the historic Pyron House and thought to possibly also contain the buried remains of the San Jose acequia. The study revealed that the homestead was probably constructed in 1849, and although recently destroyed, the foundation remains in the ground. The research further revealed that the acequia did not pass through the property under study, but instead …

Archival And Historical Research For The San Pedro Creek Channel Improvement Project: The 1989-1990 Investigations, Herbert G. Uecker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The history, cultural resources, and archaeological potential of a portion of San Pedro Creek in the vicinity of the Five Points intersection in central San Antonio were investigated and evaluated. Archival sources were consulted, personal interviews conducted, and an on-site inspection of the area was made. Based on the archival research, the history of the area was divided into several distinct periods. Data from primary sources are summarized and cross-referenced in an appendix.

Archaeological Testing For A Proposed Landfill Expansion (Phase Ii) City Of Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas, Jack D. Eaton, Ronald W. Burkett, Herbert G. Uecker, James T. Abbott

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During September 1989, a pedestrian survey was conducted within a I~S-acre tract acquired by the City of Del Rio, Val Verde County, for a landfill expansion project. The surface reconnaissance recorded one prehistoric site, 41 VV 1251. As a result, recommendation was made for Phase II subsurface testing.

The Phase II subsurface testing, which included a geomorphic study, was accomplished during February 1990. Cultural resources were recovered indicating presence at site 41 VV 1251 from the Late Paleo-Indian period to the Late Archaic period. However, the site was determined to be almost totally deflated. The geomorphological tests verified this assessment …

Archaeological Investigations At The Ruiz Family Property (41bx795), San Antonio, Texas, Herbert G. Uecker, Frances K. Meskill, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Pursuant to an agreement with M. J. Boyle General Contractor, Inc., in early October 1989, an archaeological crew from the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, investigated a portion of what is now the San Antonio City Hall Annex property. When the crew began its work, the area in question was soon to be impacted by the construction of an auxiliary electrical generator fuel tank to be built for the annex building. In the mid-1700s, the property had become the residence of the Ruiz family, one of the first families to settle in San Antonio …

Excavations At The Mcdonald Site, 41bx794, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In July 1989, the Center for Archaeological Research entered into a contract with the San Antonio Housing Authority to provide archival research and field investigations for the area to be impacted by additions to the Housing Authority Building and parking on portions of New City Blocks 2553 and 2969. The archival research revealed that the area contained some portions of the San Pedro acequia and the site of the John Stewart McDonald homestead. The acequia had been extensively investigated by the Center in 1979 and 1981, therefore only limited investigations were directed toward the later modified channel, with the primary …

Prehistoric Archeology And Paleoenvironments In Hidalgo And Willacy Counties, South Texas: Results Of The Phase Ii Excavations, C. Britt Bousman, Steve A. Tomka, Gail L. Bailey

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May 1989 through July 1989, archeological and geomorphological investigations were conducted at five prehistoric archeological sites impacted by drainage ditch construction in Hidalgo and Willacy counties. These investigations were sponsored by Hidalgo County Drainage District No. I and Willacy County Drainage District No. I as part of a continuing program of cultural resources studies along the drainage ditch construction right-of-way. One site, 41WYI40, is situated on a low rise adjacent to a main channel of the ditch and lacks sufficient Holocene sediments to contain archeological materials in good context. However, a tortoise, cf. Gopherus hexagollarus, was recovered, and the …

Phase Ii Historical Investigations At Justiceberg Reservoir, Garza And Kent Counties, Texas, Martha Doty Freeman, Douglas K. Boyd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Phase II cultural resources investigations at the proposed Justiceburg Reservoir in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, conducted in 1988-1989 included work at four historic sites, the recording of a previously unrecorded historic site, and development of two National Register contexts. This report documents the archeological work at the sites and presents data that resulted from in-depth research concerning the history of the use and development of these sites. In addition, the report presents two historic contexts which were developed in order to provide tools for the assessment of sites within the project area and, at the same time, to present …

Phase Ii Investigations At Prehistoric And Rock Art Sites, Justiceburg Reservoir, Garza And Kent Counties, Texas Volume I, Douglas K. Boyd, James T. Abbott, William A. Bryan, Colin M. Garvey, Steve A. Garvey, Ross C. Fields

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Phase II cultural resources investigations at the proposed Justiceburg Reservoir in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, were conducted by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. in 19881989. This report documents the archeological work at 62 prehistoric and aboriginal rock art sites and the geoarcheological study conducted as part of the Phase II work. Investigations at 48 prehistoric sites, including open campsites, rockshelters, lithic procurement sites, faunal localities, and rock art sites, resulted in complete National Register assessments; 9 campsites, the 2 rockshelters, and 6 rock art sites are considered to be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Less-intensive …

Phase Ii Investigations At Prehistoric And Rock Art Sites, Justiceburg Reservoir, Garza And Kent Counties, Texas Volume Ii, Douglas K. Boyd, James T. Abbott, William A. Bryan, Colin M. Garvey, Steve A. Tomka, Ross C. Fields

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This appendix describes the stratigraphic and pedogenic characteristics of each trench excavated during subsurface geomorphic reconnaissance conducted as part of the testing phase at Justiceburg Reservoir. Seventy-seven trenches were excavated during the course of the project. The overall results and interpretations of the geomorphic phase of the investigation are presented in Chapter 4. The data presented in this appendix are based on field descriptions of the sediment columns exposed by the trenches. The neutral term tlzone" was adopted to allow both stratigraphic and pedogenic variation in sediment columns to be described under the same nomenclature. For each zone, the depth, …

Was The Cypress Cluster One Of The (Many) Victims Of The 1539 - 1543 De Soto Expedition?, J. Peter Thurmond

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In my master's thesis on the archeology of the Cypress creek basin (Thurmond 1981) and a subsequent article in the Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society, I proposed the identification of a third late prehistoric-protohistoric confederacy for the Caddoan area of northeast Texas, in addition to those of the Hasinai and Kadohadacho. I named the archeological manifestation of this hypothesized sociopolitical entity the Cypress cluster, following a model of late Caddoan sociopolitical organization formulated by Dee Ann Story. The Cypress cluster is centered geographically on the upper Cypress Creek, White Oak Bayou and Lake Fork Creek basins. Two sequential temporal …

The Archaeological Conservancy: Ten Years Of Preservation Success And The New Landowner's Preservation Partnership Program, Bonnie C. Mckee

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Archaeological Conservancy, the only national nonprofit organization dedicated solely to the acquisition of cultural resource sites for preservation and future re search, celebrated ten years of operation in January 1990. Since its founding, the Conservancy has acquired 57 sites in eleven states. In the Caddoan Cultural Area, the Conservancy currently owns four sites (Grobin Davis in Oklahoma [34MC253], and Hale [41TT12], Fasken (41RR14], and Hudnall-Pirtle [41 RK4] in Texas} and holds a conservation easement for Cabe Mounds (41BW14), near Texarkana, Texas.

While the Conservancy's major focus for permanent preservation is the acquisition of sites to hold as archeological preserves, …

An Assessment Of The Fourche Maline Culture And Its Place In The Prehistory Of Northeast Texas, Frank Winchell

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper is based on the works of many authors who have investigated and written upon archaeological materials involving pre-Caddo cultures that existed in the Caddo Area, west of the Mississippi River. I will be concentrating on one particular archaeological manifestation known as the Fourche Maline Culture, which existed perhaps as early as 500 B.C. and ended sometime during the 2nd millenium A.D.

The origins of the Fourche Maline Culture are still not well understood, however, it can be stated with some assurance that it was an in-place development occurring somewhere within the Caddo Area. How far widespread was this …

The "Northern Caddoan Area" Was Not Caddoan, Frank F. Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this paper I will challenge one of the major unexamined assumptions in the archeology of Eastern North America, the assumption that the Arkansas River Valley and Ozark Highland regions of eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas, the so-called northern Caddoan Area, was the home of Caddo people who were closely related culturally and linguistically to the Caddo people of southwest Arkansas, northwest Louisiana, east Texas, and southeast Oklahoma. I will propose, instead, that the archeology of this locality is much more complex and interesting than the conventional wisdom would have it. What is involved here, I suggest, is not one …

Phase Ii Historical Investigations At Justiceburg Reservoir, Garza And Kent Counties, Texas, Martha Doty Freeman, Douglas K. Boyd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Phase II cultural resources investigations at the proposed Justiceburg Reservoir in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, conducted in 1988-1989 included work at four historic sites, the recording of a previously unrecorded historic site, and development of two National Register contexts. This report documents the archeological work at the sites and presents data that resulted from in-depth research concerning the history of the use and development of these sites. In addition, the report presents two historic contexts which were developed in order to provide tools for the assessment of sites within the project area and, at the same time, to present …

Prehistoric Archeology And Paleoenvironments In Hidalgo And Willacy Counties, South Texas: Results Of The Phase Ii Test Excavations, C. Britt Bousman, Steve A. Tomka, Gail L. Bailey

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May 1989 through July 1989, archeological and geomorphological investigations were conducted at five prehistoric archeological sites impacted by drainage ditch construction in Hidalgo and Willacy counties. These investigations were sponsored by Hidalgo County Drainage District No. I and Willacy County Drainage District No. I as part of a continuing program of cultural resources studies along the drainage ditch construction right-of-way. One site, 41WYI40, is situated on a low rise adjacent to a main channel of the ditch and lacks sufficient Holocene sediments to contain archeological materials in good context. However, a tortoise, cf. Gopherus hexagollarus, was recovered, and the …

Phase Ii Investigations At Prehistoric And Rock Art Sites, Justiceburg Reservoir, Garza And Kent Counties, Texas, Douglas K. Boyd, James T. Abbott, William A. Bryan, Colin M. Garvey, Steve A. Tomka, Ross C. Fields

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Phase II cultural resources investigations at the proposed Justiceburg Reservoir in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, were conducted by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. in 19881989. This report documents the archeological work at 62 prehistoric and aboriginal rock art sites and the geoarcheological study conducted as part of the Phase II work. Investigations at 48 prehistoric sites, including open campsites, rockshelters, lithic procurement sites, faunal localities, and rock art sites, resulted in complete National Register assessments; 9 campsites, the 2 rockshelters, and 6 rock art sites are considered to be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Less-intensive …

Background Research And Field Monitoring Of Riverwalk Stalls, Downtown San Antonio, Texas, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the latter part of 1986, the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, monitored the construction of a set of Riverwalk stalls constructed in a section of the Riverwalk north of Commerce Street between st. Mary's and Navarro Streets. Excavation was mostly in river bank fill deposited during the construction of the Riverwalk under the Works Project Administration. During excavations, a well was encountered and a part of it was disturbed. A sample of artifacts from the well fill indicated that it was associated with the Nette Drug Store and dated between ca. 1870 to …