Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

Historical Archaeology In Downtown San Antonio, Texas: An Evaluation Of Properties At The Proposed Via Downtown Park And Ride Facility, C. Britt Bousman, Anne A. Fox, Kevin J. Gross, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

VIA Metropolitan Transit is proposing to build a Park and Ride Facility near downtown San Antonio immediately east of Interstate Highway 37 in an area bounded by Crockett, Center, and Walnut Streets, and IH 37. Starting in the 1850s this area has been traditionally inhabited primarily by African-Americans. A review of previous archaeological investigations in the downtown area of San Antonio revealed a gap in knowledge concerning African-Americans in San Antonio.

Individual lot evaluations indicate intact archaeological materials may survive in certain areas. If these areas are to be impacted then additional archaeological evaluations would be needed to accurately assess …

An Archival And Archaeological Study For The Relocation Of Three Historic Homes In Hemisfair Park, San Antonio, Texas, Edgar D. Johnson, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research contracted with Kell Munoz Wigodsky, Inc., to undertake an archival study of Hemisfair Park. Three historic standing structures will be moved to three vacant lots in the park. Archival research demonstrated that two of the three structures - the Wietzel and Amaya houses - were the first buildings on the lots, while the third structure - the O.K. Bar - was in place by 1896 and was the first substantial structure on the lot. The Wietzel and Amaya houses will be moved to lots that have never had buildings. The O.K. Bar will be moved …

Archaeological Survey Of Upper Leon Creek Terraces, Bexar County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis, Robert J. Hard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In June and July 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an archaeological survey on a 147-acre tract of land along Leon Creek in northern San Antonio for Pape-Dawson Engineers. The archaeological work was needed for compliance with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers permit requirements before construction of a water storage facility.

Four archaeological sites (41BX40, 4IBX47 , 4IBX48, and 4IBX50) had been recorded within this area in 1970 by avocational archaeologists. Additionally, CAR staff members conducted a brief reconnaissance over a 60-acre portion of the property in 1992. …

Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge: Continued Archeological And Historical Research At El Capote Ranch Community, Hidalgo County, Texas, Douglas K. Boyd, Andres Tijerina, Karl W. Kibler, Amy C. Earls, Martha Doty Freeman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Phase II cultural resources investigations for the Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge currently under construction in Hidalgo County, Texas, were conducted by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. in September 1993 and June 1994. The work included additional survey and documentation of seven historic sites, testing and evaluation of three sites, archival and oral history research on the former Hispanic community of EI Capote, and collection of additional geoarcheological data. The seven historic sites (4IHG162-41HG168) represent former nineteenth- and twentieth-century housesites within EI Capote. Due to a lack of integrity, it is recommended that all seven sites be considered ineligible for listing on the …

Cultural Resources Survey And Monitoring Of Joint Task Force Six (Jtf-6) Actions In Webb, Zapata, Dimmit, La Salle, Duvall, And Jim Hogg Counties, Texas, Stephen P. Austin, Scott Ferguson, Steven M. Hunt, Floyd B. Largent Jr., Mark A. Sale

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Joint Task Force Six (JTF-6) Operation AT-93 involved multiple actions in six south Texas counties. These actions included the repair and construction of approximately 240 km (150 mi) of existing firebreaks, the repair/upgrade of approximately 9.5 km (5.9 mi) of road along the Rio Grande River near Laredo, the upgrade of two small-arms firing ranges, and the construction of a fitness/obstacle course. Extensive previous disturbance was noted within the impact areas of the firebreaks and at the two firing ranges; no cultural resource sites were located in these areas. Along the Rio Grande, the survey identified the site of Star …

Data Recovery At Lake Alan Henry (Justiceburg Reservior), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 3, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler, Martha Doty Freeman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The third and final season of Phase III data recovery at Lake Alan Henry (formerly Justiceburg Reservoir), located on the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, was conducted during the fall of 1992. The work consisted of intensive archeological investigations at one historic site and four prehistoric sites. Subsequent to the Season 3 data recovery fieldwork, a newly discovered rock art site (41KTl64) was documented. The historic component at 41GR474 consists of a dugout depression and the ruins of a wood frame house and related complex of ranching structures. It was the homestead …

Archeological And Geomorphological Investigations At Prehistoric Sites 41wy50 And 41wy60, Willacy County, Texas, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January through March 1993, archeological and geomorphological investigations were conducted at two clay dune sites, 41WY50 and 41WY60, in the outfall area of the Hidalgo-Willacy Drainage Ditch system. This work represents the final investigations of a cultural resource management program conducted for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the local sponsors, Hidalgo County Drainage District No. 1 and Willacy County Drainage District No. I, by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. The results of the archeological investigations were poor. Neither site yielded materials of unquestionable cultural origin, although several small basin-shaped hearth features were encountered. Based on radiocarbon assays from …

Human Skeletal Remains From The Tyson Site (41sy92), Helen D. Dockall

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the 1993 field season at the Tyson site (41SY92), conducted by the East Texas and Northeast Texas Archaeological societies, two burial features were uncovered. These features contained the skeletal remains of three Caddo subadults, ranging in age from birth to one to two years. Burial 1 yielded the partial skeleton of a child less than two years old, as well as elements of a second, slightly younger, child. Burial 2 produced the remains of a well-preserved infant. This article describes the excavation and osteology protocols, a description of taphonomic conditions, inventory of these burials, demography, size of the subadults, …

The Rowland Clark (41rr77) Site, Red River County, Texas : Editor's Introduction, Gegory Perino, Leonard Blake, Carol J. Loveland

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Rowland Clark (41RR77) and Dan Holdeman (41RR11) archaeological sites were excavated in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Gregory Perino of the Museum of Red River in Idabel, Oklahoma. Manuscripts on those investigations were prepared by Perino shortly after the conclusion of the work, but these were never published, remaining instead on file at the Museum of the Red River.

A Update Of Archaeological Investigations At The Tyson Site (41sy92), Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In recent years, much of the research concerning prehistoric and historic Caddoan lifeways has focused on socio-political organization and community structure. Models have been proposed to predict the character of the archaeological record based on European observations of Caddo an life during the 17th-19th centuries. A brief review of these models is warranted to provide the necessary background for interpreting the results of recent archaeological work at an interesting 15th century site in Deep East Texas.

Story and Creel have developed an integrative model to describe Hasinai Caddo "settlement patterns, socio-political organization, and intergroup interactions" based on ethnographic and archaeological …

Analysis Of Rowland Clark Site Corn, Leonard Blake

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The carbonized com from the Rowland Clark site, Red River County, Texas was received from Gregory Perino, then of the Museum of the Red River, in March 1982. The analysis of the com is presented by feature, with remarks on the cobs as appropriate. Table 1 presents a summary by feature of the com cob analysis, while Table 2 compares the com from Rowland Clark with samples of com cobs from other well-studied Caddoan sites.

Archaeological Research At The Rowland Clark Site (41rr77), Red River County, Texas, Gegory Perino

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Rowland Clark site is located in Red River County, Texas, on a prehistoric river channel of the Red River that has been intersected by a more recent channel of the river. It is approximately 16 km south of the Arnold Roitsch or Sam Kaufman (41RR16) site. The site had small Coles Creek and Early Caddoan period occupations, but the major occupation was of a McCurtain phase group of the Late Caddoan period. I

The site has been in the Clark family for more than a century. The land the site is on is the property of Mr. Rowland Clark. …

Rowland Clark And Dan Holdeman Site Human Skeletal Remains, Carol J. Loveland

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Rowland Clark site was occupied by Caddoan Indian groups from approximately A.D. 1300-1600+. Twenty one of the 39 burials recovered during the Museum of the Red River excavations were assigned to the earliest McCurtain phase occupation (ca. A.D. 1300-1450); 14 burials were ascribed to a later McCurtain occupation between ca. A.D. 1450 and 1600; four burials belonged to the final McCurtain occupation (ca. A.D. 1600+) of the site. Since infants and children were buried under house floors rather than in the cemetery area associated with each time period, their interment does not necessarily follow the assigned time period. Due …

Book Review: A Naturalist In Indian Territory: The Journals Of S. W. Woodhouse, Barbara Keener

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Samuel Washington Woodhouse, a Philadelphia physician and avid ornithologist, was appointed surgeon-naturalist of two expeditions to survey the Creek-Cherokee boundary in Indian Territory. The Creek boundary expedition that Woodhouse was asked to join was a Corps of Topographical Engineers survey party sent to survey and mark the northern and western boundaries of the Creek Indian lands in Indian Territory to comply with the requirements of the Creek Treaty of 1845. The usual purpose of these surveys was to map the land, describe its topography, and learn about its native inhabitants. Later objectives were to establish roads and to set boundaries …

The Original Distribution Of Bois D'Arc. Part I: Texas, David H. Jurney

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Early historical explorations of the American frontier discuss many tree species and their uses, yet rarely mention bois d'arc (Maclura pomifera). Several important early expeditions sent by President Thomas Jefferson into the southwestern frontier provide the first evidence for the natural and culturally influenced range of the species. Bois d 'arc was important in the trade of Native Americans, specifically used for bow wood.

As early as 1804, John Sibley and Merriwether Lewis reported to President Jefferson about bois d 'arc, drawing on information derived from transplanted saplings and reporting that the source was ca. 300 miles away (i.e., along …

Book Reviews, Ann M. Early, Heidi Vaughn

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Abandonment of Settlements and Regions: Ethnoarchaeological and Archaeological Approaches, edited by Catherine M. Cameron and Steve A. Tomka. Cambridge University Press. 1993.

The Ouachita Mountains: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Travelers, by Milton D. Rafferty and John C. Catau. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press. 1991. 308 pages, notes, references, index.

Caddoan Archaeology In The Little Cypress Creek Valley: Recent Investigation At The Griffin Mound Site (41ur142), Upshur County, Texas, Bo Nelson, Timothy K. Perttula, Mike Turner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

As part of the long-term study of the prehistoric archaeology of the Caddo peoples in Northeast Texas, we are currently focusing our investigations on the Little Cypress Creek valley in Upshur County. Although poorly known archaeologically, background research conducted to date, discussions with landowners, and selected survey-limited testing efforts over the last few years indicates that there are extensive Archaic and Caddoan archaeological remains preserved in the Little Cypress Creek valley. Caddoan period archaeologi cal sites (ca. A.O. 800-1600) are particularly common. The investigations of one of the more significant Caddoan sites found to date in the valley, the Griffin …

Archeological And Geomorphological Investigations At Prehistoric Sites 41wy50 And 41wy60, Willacy County, Texas, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January through March 1993, archeological and geomorphological investigations were conducted at two clay dune sites, 41WY50 and 41WY60, in the outfall area of the Hidalgo-Willacy Drainage Ditch system. This work represents the final investigations of a cultural resource management program conducted for the U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers and the local sponsors, Hidalgo County Drainage District No. 1 and Willacy County Drainage District No. 1, by Prewitt and Associates, Inc.

The results of the archeological investigations were poor. Neither site yielded materials of unquestionable cultural origin, although several small basin-shaped hearth features were encountered. Based on radiocarbon assays from …

Data Recovery At Lake Alan Henry (Justiceburg Reservoir), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 3, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler, Martha Doty Freeman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The third and final season of Phase III data recovery at Lake Alan Henry (formerly Justiceburg Reservoir), located on the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, was conducted during the fall of 1992. The work consisted of intensive archeological investigations at one historic site and four prehistoric sites. Subsequent to the Season 3 data recovery fieldwork, a newly discovered rock art site (41KTl64) was documented.

The historic component at 41GR474 consists of a dugout depression and the ruins of a wood frame house and related complex of ranching structures. It was the homestead …

Archaeological Testing For The Mission Road Realignment Project, Phase Ii, At Mission Concepcion, San Antonio, Texas, Maureen J. Brown, Anne A. Fox, Barbara A. Meissner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In July 1988, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) contracted with the city of San Antonio to perform archaeological testing for the Mission Road Realignment Project. This project was designated as Phase II since CAR performed previous archaeological testing during February 1987 (Labadie 1989). The Mission Road Realignment Project, Phase II proposed to relocate the position of Mission Road outside the line of the original west wall of Mission Concepcion. The testing sought to determine whether any structural remains or cultural deposits that may have been located outside the mission wall would be impacted by the proposed roadway.

Archaeological testing …

The Dos Republicas Project: Phase Ii Archaeological Investigations At A Proposed Coal Strip Mine, Maverick County, Texas, Herbert G. Uecker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During February and March 1992, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an intensive investigation of a proposed coal strip mine near Eagle Pass, Maverick County, Texas. Twenty-seven previously unrecorded archaeological sites were discovered and several that were recorded in 1981 were reexamined. Postulated cultural affiliations include the Late Paleo-Indian, Middle-to-Late Archaic, Late Prehistoric, and Historic periods. Eight sites were found to be particularly significant because of their potential for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or designation as state archeological landmarks. After review of the results of the investigation by …

Evaluation Of Archaeological Material From The Little Church Of La Villita Property, San Antonio, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On June 25th, 1993, Dale Bransford of the San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department brought several bone fragments to the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). These bones had been discovered by workmen installing a French drain along the east side of the Little Church of La V ill ita in downtown San Antonio. Inspection identified the bones as human, so CAR staff members visited the site to investigate and collect other remains. No excavation was attempted.

Subsequent skeletal analysis revealed the presence of at least two individuals in the collection. Because …

Archival Research For The Yturri-Edmunds Annex (Camp Roosevelt Tourist Camp) San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio contracted with the San Antonio Conservation Society to conduct an archival investigation of land to the north of the Yturri-Edmunds Mill property. This land, presently owned hy the Society, is to be developed.

The property under investigation was the site of the Camp Roosevelt Tourist Camp, one of San Antonio's first privately owned tourist facilities. The history of the Concepcion acequia was also investigated to establish the location within the property limits.

Preliminary Cultural Resources Investigations For The Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge, Hidalgo County, Texas, Karl W. Kibler, Martha Doty Freeman, Amy C. Earls

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological, archival, and geomorphologic investigations were conducted for the proposed Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge Project in Hidalgo County, Texas, by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. from October 12-27, 1992. The purposes of these investigations were to locate and record any cultural resources within the project area, determine their eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and designation as State Archeological Landmarks, and to provide an overview of the Holocene geomorphic history of the project area.

The geomorphic history of the project area suggests that the Rio Grande has experienced continuous channel aggradation from the end of the Pleistocene to …

Archeological Survey And Monitoring Of Jtf-6 Road Improvements, Sierra Blanca, Hudspeth County, Texas, Sheridan K. Edwards, Duane E. Peter

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report presents the results of cultural resource survey and monitoring activities performed in conjunction with a Department of Defense Joint Task Force Six (JTF-6) project near Sierra Blanca in Hudspeth County, Texas. These cultural resource investigations were initiated by a request from the U.S. Border Patrol of Sierra Blanca, Texas for planned improvements to 50.3 km (31.25 miles) of existing roads. The goal was to improve the U.S. Border Patrol's effectiveness in monitoring and controlling the ongoing drug trafficking activities along the U.S.-Mexico International Border. The road repair and historic preservation efforts were coordinated by JTF-6, based at Fort …

Data Recovery At Justiceburg Reservior (Lake Alan Henry), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 2, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The second of three seasons of Phase III data recovery at Justiceburg Reservoir (Lake Alan Henry), located on the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, was conducted during the summer of 1991. 11le work included survey of dam borrow areas and site recording in and near these construction zones, limited work at selected rock art sites, geological investigation of an upland playa, and intensive investigations at two primarily Protohistoric period archeological sites. Pedestrian survey of active borrow areas resulted in the discovery and emergency recording and evaluation of site 41GR606 at the mouth …

Archaeology, The Caddo Indian Tribe, And The Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act, Mary C. Carter

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Caddo leadership has a long history of working cooperatively with foreign governments. In the seventeenth century, they cooperated with Spanish officials and missionaries who wanted to establish themselves among the southern branch of Caddo tribes--the Hasinai in Northeast Texas. In the eighteenth century, they cooperated with the French who wanted to establish trading posts on the Red River among the Natchitoches and Kadohadacho. In the nineteenth century they cooperated with Americans to establish peaceful relationships with unfriendly tribe. For Caddos, the result of these cooperative efforts was disillusion, decimation, displacement, and finally dispossession. Now, with new hope in the twentieth …

Dental Paleopathologies In The Sanders Site (41lr2) Population From Lamar County, Texas, Diane E. Wilson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Dental health, like skeletal health, reflects the natural and social environment, as well as genetics. This paper focuses on the results of stress on the teeth once they have erupted; stresses include chemical, mechanical, and pathogenic forces. These forces are primarily the result of dietary factors. The specific aspects of dental health examined in this paper are cariogenesis, dental attrition, antemortem tooth loss, and abscessing. These dental paleopathologies primarily reflect diet and food processing strategies.

Throughout the Americas, dental disorders have increased with the adoption of maize agriculture. Reliance on maize provides a sticky, carbohydraterich dietary staple that is favorable …

A Summary Of The History Of The Caddo People, Frank F. Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

I am pleased and very honored that you have invited me here today to tell you something about the past of the Caddo people as it is known to archaeologists. This is a subject that has been both my occupation and my major preoccupation for more than 25 years. The story that I and other archaeologists have been piecing together over many years is long, complex, and endlessly fascinating. It is a heritage that anyone could be proud of. Let me give you some of the highlights.

The story began over 11,500 years ago--or about 9,500 B.C.--when the first people …

The Z.V. Davis-Mcpeek Site, An Early Caddoan Mound Site In The Little Cypress Creek Valley, Upshur County, Texas, Bo Nelson, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Z.V. Davis-McPeek site (41UR4/99) is an Early Caddoan period mound and habitation area located in northwest Upshur County. The mound is on a broad terrace along Little Cypress Creek, in the western portion of the Cypress Basin. Since the initial recording of the site some 60 years ago, there have been several different but limited investigations there, but none have been published. These limited investigations, coupled with the uncertainty of the site's exact location (see below), prompted the authors (with the able assistance of Mike Turner) to relocate the site, assemble known information about it, evaluate the current condition …