Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

The Gum Creek Cluster: Protohistoric Caddo Sites In The Little Cypress Creek Basin, Ca. 1670-1720, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Gum Creek cluster represents a group of contemporaneous Caddo sites in the Little Cypress Creek basin of East Texas that were apparently occupied between ca. A.D. 1670-1720. These sites are closely affiliated with the Titus phase and may represent some of the very latest occupied Titus phase settlements in the Cypress Creek basin.

The Gum Creek cluster Caddo sites were excavated by Buddy Calvin Jones in the 1950s and 1960s, but were never reported by him during his lifetime. After his death, his vessel collection and other artifacts were documented by Perttula, with the able assistance of Bo Nelson …

Abstracts Of Papers For The 14th Annual East Texas Archeological Conference, February 10, 2007, George Avery

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A summary of the analysis of lithics at Los Adaes (16NA16) is presented. Aside from a small number of Late Paleoindian/Early Archaic diagnostics, all stone artifacts recovered at Los Adaes (16NA16) date to the colonial period or later. Colonial stone artifacts include gunflints, probable strike-a-lights, and ground stone fragments, mostly mano fragments. Most of the gunflints appear to be French, while most of the strike-a-light flint appear to be from Central Texas chert. The local gravel cherts do not appear to have been used as either gunflints or strike-a-light flints. The mano fragments are mostly of basalt, which was brought …

A Survey Of Historic Caddo Sites In Nacogdoches County, Texas, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This review was originally prepared for presentation to the East Texas Caddo Research Group held in Nacogdoches, Texas on December 2 and 3, 2006. The primary purpose of this article is to summarize the archaeological resources currently known relating to the Historic Caddo period of Nacogdoches County. No attempt is made here to provide analysis of the data or to draw synthetic conclusions. The author's hope is that this survey will be helpful to workers in this area of inquiry by speeding access to available resources and exposing possible research problems.

Documentation Of A Native American Church Altar In Caddo County, Oklahoma, Robert Cast

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

What little research that has been done in Caddo County, Oklahoma (and elsewhere) with Caddo Native American Church altars or "fireplace" locations show that there is a desperate need to document and record these locations for future generations. However, even with the paucity of this research, it is feasible to suggest that these ceremonial altars, their stylistic differences, and the passing of this religion to future generations of traditional practitioners have had a very long history.

Others have discussed the ceremonial uses of fire, structures, objects, and mounds in the archaeological record, yet have not addressed the appearance and importance …

Proposal For A 2007 Caddo Archaeology Summit Meeting, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Caddo Indian peoples lived in parts of the four states of Arkansas (specifically southwest Arkansas), Louisiana (the northwestern part of the state), Oklahoma (the eastern region), and Texas (all of East Texas) from deep in prehistoric times until the early 1840s. They left behind an extensive archaeological record marked by important mound centers where the social and political elite lived and led community-wide rituals, ceremonies, and traditions; villages, hamlets, and farmsteads where the people carried out their daily lives; numerous cemeteries and burial grounds where the people were laid to rest following long-standing religious burial ceremonies; as well as …

Byram Ferry (16bo17): A Middle To Late Caddo Period Mound Site In The Red River Floodplain, Northwest Louisiana, Jeffery S. Girard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

One of the few remaining Caddo mounds in northwest Louisiana is located at the Byram Ferry site (16BO17) in northern Bossier Parish near the Arkansas state line. Until recently, a brief description by Clarence B. Moore (1912) and a few comments by Clarence H. Webb in his undated and unpublished field notes constituted the only information about the site available to archeological researchers. A collection of sherds and one intact vessel from Byram Ferry are present in the Ralph McKinney collection currently on loan to the History Center at the Bossier Parish Library in Bossier City, Louisiana. Examination of this …

Remote Sensing At The Horace Cabe Site (41bw14), Chester P. Walker, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A magnetometer survey was conducted at the Horace Cabe Mound site (41BW14) in 2005 by Walker and Schultz as part of the Bowie County Levee Realignment project in Bowie County, Texas. The purpose of the survey was to attempt to locate anomalies that may represent potential archaeological features at this important Late Caddo mound center near the Red River. The area was surveyed using a Geometrics portable G858 cesium sensor magnetometer and a G-856 proton magnetometer base station. This article puts on record another substantive example of Caddo archaeology as seen through the use of remote sensing technology.

The original …

The History Of Archaeological Investigations At The Jamestown Mound Site (41sm54), An Archaeological Conservancy Preserve In Smith County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Jamestown Mound site (41SM54) is an Archaeological Conservancy (TAC) preserve in northern Smith Country, Texas in the northeastern part of the state. The Jamestown site is one of the largest Caddo mound centers in East Texas, with seven recorded mounds and an associated village area of unknown extent and internal complexity. It is also one of the four premier mound centers in the Sabine River basin, the other three being Hudnall-Pirtle (41RK4), a TAC preserve, Pine Tree Mounds (41HS15), also a TAC preserve as of 2006, and Boxed Springs (41UR30), and was obviously an important civic and ceremonial center …

The Organization Of Novaculite Tool Production: Quarry-Workshop Debitage Comparisons, Mary Beth D. Trubitt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Arkansas novaculite, outcropping in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma, has been an important regional lithic resource for thousands of years. Because of the stone’s durability, by-products of past novaculite procurement and tool production and use activities litter the landscape in southwest Arkansas. Recent work situates novaculite quarries in the broader context of tool production and exchange systems. This article focuses on the organization of tool production, and explores analytical techniques that can be used to identify spatial separation of the lithic reduction process between quarry, workshop, and habitation sites.

Archeological Investigations Of The Lang Pasture (41an38) Midden Deposits On Private Property West Of The Sh 155 Right-Of-Way, Anderson County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Mark Walters, Leeanna Schniebs

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In the spring of 2006 data recovery investigations were completed at the Lang Pasture site (41AN38) by Coastal Environments, Inc. (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) and Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC (Austin and Pittsburg, Texas) for the Texas Department of Transportation. The site is situated along the SH 155 rightof- way in the Caddo Creek basin in northeastern Anderson County, Texas, in the Caddo archeological area of Northeast Texas. The archeological excavations indicate that the site was primarily occupied by Caddo peoples during the Frankston phase, sometime after A.D. 1400. The number and kinds of features identified in the right-of-way—portions of two …

Leaning Rock Site (41sm325) Lithics, Harry J. Shafer

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The intent of the lithic analysis from the Leaning Rock site (41SM325) in Smith County, Texas, is to glean all possible information from the artifacts. Lithic studies have taken the back seat in materials analysis from sites and projects in East Texas where archaeologists focus primarily, if not exclusively, on formal tool analysis, if any analysis is done at all. Stone tools often had complex histories, and reading these histories can provide some useful, if not the only source for, insights into tool technologies, function, style, and social inferences. Stone tools were used in entirely different functional contexts than were …

Archaeological Inventory Of 216 Acres Of Martindale Army Aviation Support Facility, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Cynthia Moore Munoz

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the fall of 2006 (October 24 through November 3, 2006), the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an archaeological inventory of the Army National Guard Martindale Army Aviation Support Facility (AASF) located in Bexar County, Texas for the Adjutant General’s Office. No plans for construction on the facility are proposed.

The work was performed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 4272, with Dr. Raymond Mauldin, CAR Assistant Director, serving as Principal Investigator and Cynthia Moore Munoz serving as the Project Archaeologist. The inventory consisted of a 100 percent pedestrian survey accompanied by …

Additional Phase Ii Testing At 41bx323 In Brackenridge Park, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa, Jon J. Dowling

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio (CAR-UTSA) conducted eligibility testing on the southeast portion of 41BX323, Bexar County, Texas from September 6 to September 14, 2007. CAR was contracted by Lake/Flato Architects to conduct eligibility testing on a previously uninvestigated portion of site 41BX323. Lake/Flato Architects have been contracted by the City of San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department for the construction of a proposed parking garage facility. The proposed improvements will be impacting the southeastern portions of State Archaeological Landmark (SAL) site 41BX323. The primary goal of the excavations was to determine …

San Antonio Mission Trails Statewide Transportation Enhancement Project Volume Ii Construction Packages 2 And 3: Archaeological Testing And Monitoring Construction Of The Mission Trails Hike And Bike Trails, City Of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Barbara A. Meissner, I. Waynne Cox, Jason D. Weston, Bruce K. Moses

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Beginning in October 1998, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) provided archival research and archaeological services to the City of San Antonio and the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) as part of the Mission Trails Statewide Transportation Enhancement Project. The project was intended to create a hike and bike trail system connecting the five Spanish missions in San Antonio. The trail should provide easier access to the missions for visitors, allow easier access to pleasant places to walk and cycle, and greatly improve the condition of some of the city streets. …

Intensive Linear Pedestrian Survey Of Callaghan Road Between Ingram And Bandera Roads And Along Zarzamora Creek, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Jennifer L. Thompson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

November 15 and 16, 2006, The Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an intensive survey of 3.5 miles of Callaghan Road between Ingram and Bandera Roads and along Zarzamora Creek in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The City of San Antonio is planning to widen this section of Callaghan Road and to re-channelize Zarzamora Creek north of Callaghan Road to alleviate flooding in the area. The intensive linear survey was conducted under the Texas Antiquities Permit No. 4320 with Steve A. Tomka serving as Principal Investigator and Jennifer L Thompson as Project Archeologist. …

Intensive Pedestrian Survey Associated With The Enclave Gardens Development Project, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Jennifer L. Thompson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On May 16, 2007, the Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an archaeological survey of six acres on the Enclave Garden property located in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The archaeological work was completed for Enclave Gardens, Ltd., in cooperation with Hogan Real Estate Services who planned the construction of a housing development project on the property. Because Olmos Creek runs along the southern property boundary, the City Historic Preservation Office in San Antonio recommended archaeological investigations prior to construction in accordance with the San Antonio Uniform Development Code. There are no federal …

Archaeological Survey Of The Post-Oak Savannah Restoration Project: Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area, Anderson County, Texas, Jon J. Dowling

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between May 31-June 7, 2007, personnel from UTSA’s Center for Archaeological Research conducted an archaeological survey of approximately 152 acres along two boundary corridors, 17 newly proposed roads and 58 staging areas for the upcoming 2,800-acre Post-Oak Savannah Restoration Project (POSRP) at Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area (GEWMA), Anderson County, Texas. The project area is located about four miles north of Bethel, Texas, 4.5 miles northeast of Cayuga, and about 18.5 miles northwest of Palestine, Texas. Various restoration activities are proposed to take place within specifically designated areas in the northwest quadrant of the Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area. The …

Spanish Colonial Documents Pertaining To Mission Santa Cruz De San Saba (41mn23), Menard County, Texas, Mariah F. Wade, Jennifer K. Mcwilliams, Douglas K. Boyd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is widening a 5-mile-long section of FM 2092 west of Menard in Menard County, Texas. The highway passes immediately south of the site of the Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá (41MN23). Built in 1757 and destroyed in 1758, the mission is a time capsule of Spanish colonial archeology in the northern frontier of New Spain, along with the related Presidio de las Amarillas (41MN1, popularly known as Presidio San Sabá), which was occupied from 1757 to 1768. The presidio location has long been known, but researchers did not rediscover the mission site until …

National Register Testing At 41lt307, On Cr 153 At The Navasota River, Limestone County, Texas, Timothy B. Griffith, Ross C. Fields

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological test excavations at 41LT307 were completed by Prewitt and Associates, Inc., in 2005 in conjunction with Texas Department of Transportation road improvements on County Road 153 in northwestern Limestone County. The site is situated on the active floodplain in Holocene alluvium adjacent to the Navasota River. Excavations revealed sparse lithic artifacts and no cultural features. No organic remains were recovered, and the age of the cultural occupation is unknown. The portion of 41LT307 inside the new right of way is considered ineligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or designation as a State Archeological Landmark. All …

Archeological Investigations And National Register Testing At 41cv1636, Coryell County, Texas, John E. Dockall, Jennifer K. Mcwilliams, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), conducted archeological testing of 41CV1636 for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Environmental Affairs Division, under Contract No. 575XXSA006 (Work Authorization No. 57530SA006) and Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3980 from the Texas Historical Commission. Site 41CV1636 is situated in northwestern Coryell County, approximately 13 km east of Evant, Texas. The site was located during an archeological survey for a proposed roadway widening project along U.S. Highway 84. Proposed design plans required an additional 5 m of new right of way that would directly impact 41CV1636. Site 41CV1636 is a prehistoric site buried in Holocene alluvium …

The Homestead Of James Taylor White Ii: Historical, Archaeological, And Geophysical Investigations At Two Proposed Safety Rest Areas, Interstate Highway (Ih) 10, Chambers County, Texas, Jennifer A. Kelly, Richard A. Weinstein, Joanne Ryan, Bryan S. Haley

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Personnel from Coastal Environments, Inc. (CEI), Moore Archeological Consulting, Inc. (MAC), and the University of Mississippi conducted archaeological and geophysical investigations at the locations of two proposed safety rest areas on opposite sides of Interstate Highway (IH) 10 in Chambers County, Texas. The research was carried out from late August 2006 until late February 2007, under contract to the Environmental Affairs Division of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). MAC archaeologists had previously examined the two rest area tracts in 2001. Their research indicated that the north tract contained a late-nineteenth- through early-twentieth-century cemetery, identified as the Broussard Cemetery site …

Significance Testing Of Site 41km225, Kimble County, Texas, Mindy Bonine, Michael Chavez, Laura Acuna

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted significance testing excavations at site 41KM225, ﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭﾭtion of the site is in TxDOT’s right-of-way (ROW) of Farm-to-Market (FM) 2169 on the northern bank of Johnson Fork, a tributary of the Llano River. SWCA performed the investigations under General Services Contract No. 575XXSA007, Work Authorization No. 575 20 SA007, and Texas Antiquities Permit 4183. The final report was written under Work Authorization No. 575 25 SA007.

In the course of the investigations, SWCA conducted shovel testing, hand excavations, special sampling, and other documentation at the project area. The site is located in the walls of eroding …

Archeological Testing Of The Engstrand Well 41wm1157, In Williamson County, Texas, Bradford Jones, Rachel Feit

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Under TAC Permit 4347 Hicks & Company undertook archival research and National Register eligibility archeological testing of a historic limestone well (Site 41WM1157) in the US 79 right-of-way in Williamson County, Texas under Texas Antiquities Permit Number 4347. The project was sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), for regulatory and management purposes under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the Antiquities Code of Texas (13 TAC 26). Archival research was conducted in order to establish the history of ownership and land use for the property. Research revealed that the well was likely built during …

Geoarcheological And Historical Investigations In The Comal Springs Arrea, Lcra Clear Springs Autotransformer Project, Comal County, Texas, John E. Dockall, Douglas K. Boyd, Lannie Ethridge Kittrell

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Prewitt and Associates, Inc. conducted testing and data recovery investigations at five archeological sites in the city of New Braunfels, in Comal County, Texas. The work was done in August and September 2005 for the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) for its Clear Springs Autotransformer Project, which involves the replacement of high-voltage electrical transmission towers through the New Braunfels area. A transmission tower location at prehistoric site 41CM286, located on an upland ridge overlooking the Guadalupe River, was investigated with a shovel test. Deposits were limited to 10 cm overlying bedrock limestone. In a preliminary report, the site was recommended …

Archeological Impact Evaluations And Surveys In The Texas Department Of Transportation's Abilene, Brownwood, Fort Worth, And Waco Districts, 2003-2006, Jennifer K. Mcwilliams, Ross C. Fields, Karl W. Kibler, E. Frances Gadus, Douglas K. Boyd, Timothy B. Griffith

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This document constitutes the final report of work done by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), under a contract from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to provide archeological services in four TxDOT districts—Abilene, Brownwood, Fort Worth, and Waco. Under this contract, PAI completed Impact Evaluations and Surveys to assist TxDOT in meeting the requirements of their Memorandum of Understanding with the Texas Historical Commission and a Programmatic Agreement between the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Federal Highway Administration, the Texas Historical Commission, and TxDOT. The contract began on 26 September 2003. A total of 77 projects were conducted. The …

Data Recovery Excavations Ar The J.B. White Site (41mm341), Milam County, Texas, E. Frances Gadus, Ross C. Fields, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In summer and fall 2002, personnel with Prewitt and Associates, Inc., undertook data recovery excavations at prehistoric site 41MM341 for the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division, to address the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Texas Antiquities Code. Site 41MM341 is in central Milam County, Texas, just southeast of the town of Cameron, on a low rise in the modern floodplain of the Little River. The excavations were necessitated by the planned replacement of the State Highway 36 bridge spanning the Little River floodplain, which will directly affect the archeological deposits at …

Walters Farm, Smith County, Texas, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

"I had a farm in Africa," the opening line of the movie Out of Africa, always reminds me of my little farm in East Texas and what it has meant to me during the 25 years we have been associated. Owning land, particularly when you are relying on it to provide your livelihood, can be a very gratifying (and humbling) experience. Since the land and I are now enjoying a well-deserved rest, I have had time to reflect on our relationship and to wonder how people before me related to the land, especially on these upland settings. Why people choose …

Turquoise Pendant, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During excavations on Caney Creek in Wood County, Texas in the mid-1960s, a local collector found a turquoise pendant in a Caddo burial. In all, nine burials were uncovered in what appears to be a small family cemetery probably associated with an unknown near-by residential area. He designated the site Arnold Glenn #2, west side of Caney Creek and I more recently recorded the site as the Turquoise site (41WD586).

This collector located numerous sites, including residential sites, mounds, and cemeteries in the mid to upper regions of Caney Creek above the confluence of Caney and Lake Fork creeks. Several …

Marine Shell Ear Disks From Protohistoric Caddo Sites On Stoots Creek, Hopkins County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Lee Green

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this article, we discuss three engraved marine shell ear disks from two protohistoric (ca. A.D. 1670-1700) Caddo sites on Stouts Creek in Hopkins County, Texas. These rather unique engraved marine shell disks have only been reported from three other archaeological sites in the entire southern Caddo area. Stouts Creek is a tributary to White Oak Creek. The drainage is situated in the modern Post Oak Savanna, at the far western edge of the distribution of Late Caddo Titus phase sites in Northeast Texas.

The Stouts Creek marine shell ear disks we report on have been recovered from two different …

The Structure And Growth Of A Titus Phase Community Cemetery In Titus County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

TheW-S site (41TI741) is a large post-A.D. 1600 Titus phase cemetery on Swauano Creek in the Big Cypress Creek basin. The site was dug in the late 1970s by Ralph Nicholas and associates, and there are available notes and maps on his excavations on file at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin. Here I employ these notes and maps to examine the structure and growth of this particular Caddo community cemetery.