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- Byzantine period (14)
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Articles 61 - 85 of 85
Full-Text Articles in History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: A Hebrew Inscription Engraved On A Jar Handle, Daniel Vainstub
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: A Hebrew Inscription Engraved On A Jar Handle, Daniel Vainstub
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations at Ras el-‘Amud yielded a partially preserved Hebrew inscription engraved on the handle of a storage jar before firing. The surviving part of the inscription reads: נחם ⸱ [ל ] ר̇̇ם—“(belongs) [to ]rm (son of) Nḥm.” All the letters of the inscription are paleographically consistent with the Hebrew script of the eighth–seventh centuries BCE. A short, semi-oblique stroke descending from upper-left to lower-right was used to divide the words. Personal names constructed on the root nḥm (“console”, “comfort”) are very common in the Hebrew onomasticon, as well as in other West Semitic languages. The suffix רם …
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: The Groundstone Tool Assemblage, Aaron Greener
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: The Groundstone Tool Assemblage, Aaron Greener
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations at Ras el-‘Amud yielded 71 identified groundstone tools, 55 of which were discovered in the Intermediate Bronze Age (IBA) strata, with the remaining 16 found in the Iron Age and Roman/Byzantine strata and in unclear contexts. These tools mainly comprise hammerstones, likely associated with the production of flint tools at the site, as well as perforated stones, mortars, bowlets, rubbing stones, a grinding stone, a pestle and some other tools. The identified groundstone tools suggest activities related to the processing of cereals, grains and other agricultural produce, as well as possible animal fiber processing and various domestic tasks …
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: A Scarab And Two Pithos Handle Impressions, Baruch Brandl
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: A Scarab And Two Pithos Handle Impressions, Baruch Brandl
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations at Ras el-‘Amud yielded a scarab and two stamped pithos handles, all recovered from Stratum III and dated to the Middle Bronze IIC. The scarab, attributed to the group of Late Middle Bronze Age Canaanite Scarabs, has only one published parallel from a Canaanite site. The two stamped pithos handles likely originated from a single pithos. Variations in the size and outline of their impressions, as well as in the location and size of the hieroglyphic signs, suggest they were made either from different plaques or from opposite faces of the same bifacial plaque. Both impressions have only …
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: Pottery From The Iron Age And The Persian Period, Liora Freud
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: Pottery From The Iron Age And The Persian Period, Liora Freud
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This article presents Iron IIB pottery sherds, along with some Persian-period sherds, from the excavation at Ras el-‘Amud. The sherds were retrieved from accumulations around the Iron Age terrace walls and their foundations. The dating of the sherds, along with the results of previous excavations on the ridge of the site, suggests a small occupation at Ras el-‘Amud, primarily during the Iron IIB–C.
Mount Of Olives (Ras El-‘Amud), Jerusalem: Settlement Remains From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Other Remains From The Middle Bronze, Late Bronze, Iron Age, Roman And Byzantine Periods / הר הזיתים (שכונת ראס אל–עמוד), ירושלים: שרידי יישוב מתקופת הברונזה הביניימית ושרידים מתקופות הברונזה התיכונה, הברונזה המאוחרת, הברזל, הרומית והביזנטית, Ron Beeri, Irina Zilberbod, Shoshana Israeli
Mount Of Olives (Ras El-‘Amud), Jerusalem: Settlement Remains From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Other Remains From The Middle Bronze, Late Bronze, Iron Age, Roman And Byzantine Periods / הר הזיתים (שכונת ראס אל–עמוד), ירושלים: שרידי יישוב מתקופת הברונזה הביניימית ושרידים מתקופות הברונזה התיכונה, הברונזה המאוחרת, הברזל, הרומית והביזנטית, Ron Beeri, Irina Zilberbod, Shoshana Israeli
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Excavations conducted on the southern outskirts of the Ras el-‘Amud neighborhood, at the foot of the southwestern slope of the Mount of Olives ridge, revealed six occupational strata (VI–I), dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age to the Byzantine period. Strata VI–V uncovered a permanent agricultural settlement from the Intermediate Bronze Age, featuring residential buildings and courtyards. Stratum IV yielded an activity layer from the Middle Bronze IIA, indicating the existence of a rural settlement from the beginning of this period, which was part of the agricultural hinterland of Jerusalem. Stratum III contained a burial or burials from the Middle Bronze …
The Dw2 Shipwreck: The Tobacco Pipe Finds / ספינה טרופה: ממצא המקטרות, Ofra Barkai, Anna De Vincenz, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Jacob Sharvit
The Dw2 Shipwreck: The Tobacco Pipe Finds / ספינה טרופה: ממצא המקטרות, Ofra Barkai, Anna De Vincenz, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Jacob Sharvit
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation of the DW2 shipwreck uncovered 13 ceramic tobacco pipes. Most of the pipes are of the cup type, with a few examples of the bowl or disk-base types. All the pipes are decorated with geometric patterns; two are also adorned with floral motifs, and one bears a maker’s stamp. The pipes date from the seventeenth century to the early twentieth century CE, with most attributed to the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. Parallels were identified at several sites, including the ‘Akko 1 and Kitten shipwrecks. Petrographic analysis of eight pipes indicates they were manufactured in the geographic …
The Dw2 Shipwreck: The Carpenters’ Work / ספינה טרופה: עבודת הנגרים, Avner Hillman, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Ofra Barkai
The Dw2 Shipwreck: The Carpenters’ Work / ספינה טרופה: עבודת הנגרים, Avner Hillman, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Ofra Barkai
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation of the DW2 shipwreck revealed that the vessel was primarily constructed from Cypriot pine (Pinus brutia), with wooden nails made from Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) and Turkey oak (Quercus cerris). Analysis of the heartwood, knots and annual rings in the ship’s wooden components indicates that the pines were old and of low quality. The ship’s construction demonstrates efficient utilization of the trees, including small wood pieces and branches. The carpenters sawed the wood in a pre-planned manner, prioritizing function over aesthetics. Tool marks on the wood suggest the use of a saw, …
The Dw2 Shipwreck: Evidence Of Trade With Small Vessels (Coasters) In Southern Syria And The Land Of Israel During The Late Ottoman Period /ספינה טרופה: עדות לסחר בכלי שיט קטנים בדרום סוריה ובארץ ישראל בשלהי התקופה העות'מאנית, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Jacob Sharvit, Ofra Barkai
The Dw2 Shipwreck: Evidence Of Trade With Small Vessels (Coasters) In Southern Syria And The Land Of Israel During The Late Ottoman Period /ספינה טרופה: עדות לסחר בכלי שיט קטנים בדרום סוריה ובארץ ישראל בשלהי התקופה העות'מאנית, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Jacob Sharvit, Ofra Barkai
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Three excavation seasons conducted in the southern lagoon of Dor uncovered the remains of the Dor Wreck 2 (DW2) shipwreck—a 15.5 m-long trading coaster built from poor-quality but well-preserved wood. The ship was constructed using techniques characteristic of the Mediterranean shipbuilding tradition. The hull of the ship was well-preserved, indicating it could carry up to 20 tons of cargo. However, due to the scarcity of finds, it is not possible to determine the ship’s cargo. The identified wood species suggest that the ship was constructed in western Turkey or southwestern Syria. Carbon-14 dating, combined with electrochemical analysis of the corrosion …
Newe Shalom And Tarum: Two Intermediate Bronze Age Sites In The Judaean Shephelah, Benyamin Storchan
Newe Shalom And Tarum: Two Intermediate Bronze Age Sites In The Judaean Shephelah, Benyamin Storchan
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Two salvage excavations were conducted at Newe Shalom and Tarum in the Judean Shephelah. The excavations revealed architectural remains indicating the existence of two settlements dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age. At Newe Shalom, a complete multiroom structure was uncovered. The absence of additional architectural remains in the vicinity indicates that it functioned as an isolated structure. At Tarum, the remains of a single structure were uncovered. These structures share common characteristics and fit well within the general architectural, ceramic and flint repertoire of the Intermediate Bronze Age in the region.
Migdal, Ashqelon: The Glass Finds, Natalya Katsnelson
Migdal, Ashqelon: The Glass Finds, Natalya Katsnelson
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The salvage excavation at Migdal, Ashqelon, unearthed some 85 glass fragments, including jars, bottles, a bowl, a bowl-shaped oil lamp, bracelets, beads and a windowpane. Most of the glass fragments were found in Ottoman- and British Mandate-period strata (III–I). Several fragments were found in Mamluk-period installations (Stratum IV), and only one fragment could be associated with the Roman–Byzantine period (Stratum V). Given the well-stratified context of the glass fragments, some of the uncovered types allow for more precise dating within the Ottoman period. As our knowledge of Late Islamic and early twentieth-century CE glass from settlements in southern Israel is …
Migdal, Ashqelon: The Ceramic Finds, Anna De Vincenz
Migdal, Ashqelon: The Ceramic Finds, Anna De Vincenz
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The ceramic material presented in this report was recovered from a salvage excavation conducted to the east of the mosque in Migdal, Ashqelon. Although most of the ceramic material was dated to the late Ottoman period, Late Roman–Byzantine ceramics, a few sherds from the Crusader period and a Mamluk-period assemblage were also uncovered. The Mamluk assemblage is characterized by imported glazed bowls and locally made, handmade geometric painted vessels. The Ottoman-period material is varied and comprises ceramics imported from Turkey, Greece and Italy. Black Gaza Ware characterizes the locally produced vessels. Smoking pipes and narghile were common at the site.
Migdal, Ashqelon: Remains From The Late Roman–Byzantine, Mamluk And Ottoman Periods / מגדל, אשקלון: שרידים מן התקופות הרומית המאוחרת–הביזנטית, הממלוכית והעות'מאנית, Ilan Peretz
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation at Migdal, Ashqelon, uncovered remains from the Late Roman–Byzantine, Mamluk, Ottoman and British Mandate periods. It revealed a sequence of architectural remains, suggesting continuous occupation of the site during the thirteenth–fifteenth centuries CE, with a possible abandonment during the sixteenth century. During the seventeenth–eighteenth centuries, the site appears to have been resettled, and in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it underwent renewed construction. From the nineteenth century until the early 1950s, the area was continuously inhabited. Between the 1950s and 1980s, it was occupied by immigrants from North Africa, and by the 1980s, most of its buildings …
Ard Es-Samra: A Protohistoric Settlement On The Outskirts Of The ‘Akko Plain / ארד א־סמרה: אתר יישוב פרוטו־היסטורי בשולי מישור עכו, Nimrod Getzov, Jacob Vardi, Nimrod Marom
Ard Es-Samra: A Protohistoric Settlement On The Outskirts Of The ‘Akko Plain / ארד א־סמרה: אתר יישוב פרוטו־היסטורי בשולי מישור עכו, Nimrod Getzov, Jacob Vardi, Nimrod Marom
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation at Ard es-Samra revealed a protohistoric site covering an area of c. 200 dunams. Pottery and flint tools found at the site are attributed to a nearby Pre-Pottery Neolithic B–Pottery Neolithic settlement, while remains from the Early Chalcolithic III period suggest the existence of a small settlement at the site. Late Chalcolithic remains include evidence of cave dwellings, a flint knapping workshop and a hewn winepress—the oldest winepress uncovered in Israel to date. Early Bronze Age I remains include an EB IA burial cave and EB IB structures. Scant remains of structures and a rich assemblage of pottery …
ʻAmqa: The Coins, Donald T. Ariel
ʻAmqa: The Coins, Donald T. Ariel
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations at ‘Amqa yielded seven coins, six of which are identifiable. Three of the coins are from the Hellenistic period, two are Byzantine and one is from the late Ottoman period. The Hellenistic coins, including one tetradrachm, support evidence of occupation at the site during this period. The Byzantine and Ottoman coins augment the architectural remains uncovered during the excavations, which indicate more substantial occupations at the site during these later periods.
ʽAmqa: Faunal Remains From The Late Fatimid–Early Crusader Periods, Nimrod Marom
ʽAmqa: Faunal Remains From The Late Fatimid–Early Crusader Periods, Nimrod Marom
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This report analyzes faunal remains found in a building complex at ‘Amqa, primarily from the late Fatimid–early Crusader periods (eleventh–twelfth centuries CE). The assemblage consists mainly of cattle, sheep and goats, with a smaller number of camel, wild boar, equid, chicken and tortoise remains. Cattle bones, particularly from young individuals, are most prevalent, suggesting a focus on cattle rearing. Butchery marks indicate the use of tools for carcass processing, and bone fragmentation patterns suggest both intentional breakage and natural weathering. Comparisons with other sites from the same period highlight the unique predominance of cattle in ‘Amqa, possibly due to the …
‘Amqa: The Glass Finds, Yael Gorin-Rosen
‘Amqa: The Glass Finds, Yael Gorin-Rosen
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations at ‛Amqa yielded about fifty identifiable fragments of glass vessels from the Late Roman–early Byzantine, the late Byzantine–Early Islamic and the medieval periods. The finds also included remains of glass production debris, such as raw glass chunks and a fragment from a furnace floor with raw glass adhering to it. The assemblage from ‛Amqa contributes to our knowledge of the vessel repertoire used in a rural settlement in the western part of Upper Galilee, mainly during the late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. These vessels were likely produced in a local workshop in ‛Amqa or one of the nearby settlements.
ʽAmqa: Settlement Remains From The Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods, Yardenna Alexandre, Michael Cohen
ʽAmqa: Settlement Remains From The Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods, Yardenna Alexandre, Michael Cohen
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A salvage excavation at ‘Amqa, on the northern part of a hill located at the juncture of the ‘Akko coastal plain and the foothills of western Upper Galilee, revealed archaeological remains from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, Iron II, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic and Ottoman periods. Small excavation areas distributed over the hill exposed fragmentary architectural remains from Iron II, and a coastal pottery assemblage from the Hellenistic period. The Roman-period remains of a village included the walls of four buildings associated with Galilean pottery. Larger-scale Byzantine-period building remains, including a public building and a storage complex, as well as an …
Tiberias: Glass Finds And Production Debris, Yael Gorin-Rosen
Tiberias: Glass Finds And Production Debris, Yael Gorin-Rosen
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Around 300 glass fragments, along with glass industry waste, were found in the Tiberias excavation. About half were diagnostic and represented several periods: Early Roman, Late Roman to early Byzantine, Byzantine to late Byzantine and Early Islamic. Nine vessels and a stirring rod are illustrated and discussed, while others are mentioned in the text. The glass artifacts discovered during the excavation correspond to well-known types from Tiberias and its surrounding areas, as well as from a broader distribution. Most were likely produced locally, as evidenced by workshop debris found in this and other excavations in Tiberias, and supported by written …
Tiberias: Remains Of An Early Islamic Buff Ware Pottery Workshop, Yardenna Alexandre
Tiberias: Remains Of An Early Islamic Buff Ware Pottery Workshop, Yardenna Alexandre
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A small four-square excavation carried out in an area outside the Ottoman city wall of Tiberias exposed the remains of an Early Islamic pottery workshop, built over earlier Byzantine-period walls. The building remains included parts of small rooms, pits and a tiled-floor installation. The overlying accumulations and thick ashy layers contained numerous sherds of Buff Ware vessels, including glazed bowls, partially fired plain vessels, decorated sherds, clay molds, kiln bars and basalt polishing tools. All these finds indicate that the site was an Abbasid–Fatimid period Buff Ware pottery workshop.
Ḥorbat Ṭurit (South): A Late Pottery Neolithic Ephemeral Site In The ‘Akko Plain, Dmitry Yegorov, Nuha Agha
Ḥorbat Ṭurit (South): A Late Pottery Neolithic Ephemeral Site In The ‘Akko Plain, Dmitry Yegorov, Nuha Agha
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
An ephemeral prehistoric site was recovered south of the multi-period settlement of Ḥorbat Ṭurit, in the section between Yasif Junction and the ‘Akko East interchange. The site revealed an archaeological layer on top of sterile terra rosa soil. According to the analysis of the lithic assemblage, the site dates to the Late Pottery Neolithic period. Despite the limited excavated area and the absence of architectural or other constructed elements, the occupation level of the site yielded a significant number of flint artifacts, some pottery and stone tool fragments, as well as a small collection of faunal remains. The excavation results …
Kefar Veradim: An Intermediate Bronze Age Communal Burial Ground In Western Upper Galilee, Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink
Kefar Veradim: An Intermediate Bronze Age Communal Burial Ground In Western Upper Galilee, Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Between 2016 and 2018, three brief salvage excavations conducted northwest of Kefar Veradim uncovered twenty rock-cut shafts leading into multiple burial chambers dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age, as well as five associated rock-cut basins of purportedly mortuary function. These tombs are part of a burial ground extending along a rocky spur overlooking Naḥal Yeḥiʻam. At least ten of the identified underground burial chambers, which were of two different types and originally sealed with flat stone slabs, had been robbed in antiquity. The remaining tombs could not be explored due to significant interference from the ultra-Orthodox burial society Atra Kadisha.
Ḥorbat Ḥanut: The Glass Vessels / חורבת חנות: כלי הזכוכית, Yael Gorin-Rosen, Ruth E. Jackson-Tal
Ḥorbat Ḥanut: The Glass Vessels / חורבת חנות: כלי הזכוכית, Yael Gorin-Rosen, Ruth E. Jackson-Tal
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The glass assemblage unearthed in burial caves, refuse pits and trial trenches at Ḥorbat Ḥanut is represented by thirty vessel fragments, as well as glass beads strung in a gold necklace and glass production refuse. These finds can be divided into two chronological groups, spanning from the second to the fifth century CE. The collection of glass artifacts found in this excavation, as well as in other excavations at the site, illustrates the wide range of uses for glass vessels and objects in daily life and burial contexts from the mid-Roman to the Byzantine periods. It also provides insight into …
Ḥorbat Ḥanut: Remains From The Roman To The Ottoman Periods On The Outskirts Of The Settlement / חורבת חנות: שרידים מהתקופות הרומית עד העות׳מאנית בשולי היישוב, Anat Beck-Nachtigal, Etan Ayalon
Ḥorbat Ḥanut: Remains From The Roman To The Ottoman Periods On The Outskirts Of The Settlement / חורבת חנות: שרידים מהתקופות הרומית עד העות׳מאנית בשולי היישוב, Anat Beck-Nachtigal, Etan Ayalon
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation at Ḥorbat Ḥanut uncovered remains from the Roman to the Ottoman periods, and especially from the Roman, Byzantine, Mamluk and Ottoman periods. These include burial caves, pit graves, caves, olive presses, refuse pits, water cisterns, quarries and other installations typical of the outskirts of a settlement. The site's location on the western fringes of the Samarian Highlands, alongside main roads, provided its inhabitants with economic and settlement advantages, ensuring a mixed economy that included field crops, vineyards, olive groves, pasturing, production of raw glass and glass vessels, and stone quarrying. Despite the site's location in a distinct Samarian …
‘En Shaddud: Elemental Composition Of Two Metal Weapons, Yonah Maor, Yotam Asscher
‘En Shaddud: Elemental Composition Of Two Metal Weapons, Yonah Maor, Yotam Asscher
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The elemental composition of two weapons from Middle Bronze Age I burials at Tel Shaddud was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. Both the spearhead and the ‘duckbill’ axe head were arsenic-copper alloys but differed in their minor components. The axe head contained more lead, probably added to improve casting properties due to its complicated shape. The spearhead contained iron as a minor component.
‘En Shaddud: Early Bronze Age Settlement, Middle Bronze And Iron Age Burial Remains And A Hellenistic Farmstead At The Foot Of Tel Shaddud, Karen Covello-Paran, Tali Kan-Cipor-Meron
‘En Shaddud: Early Bronze Age Settlement, Middle Bronze And Iron Age Burial Remains And A Hellenistic Farmstead At The Foot Of Tel Shaddud, Karen Covello-Paran, Tali Kan-Cipor-Meron
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This study presents findings from excavations at the foot of Tel Shaddud, focusing on settlement and burial patterns across various historical periods. Evidence from the Early Bronze I layer reveals the initial settlement characterized by stone-paved floors and extensive habitation extending towards the nearby spring of ‘En Shaddud. The Middle Bronze I tombs uncovered indicate a cemetery below the tell, containing artifacts that reflect burial practices consistent with warrior traditions in the region. Notably, the analysis of burial offerings indicates continued cemetery use into the Iron Age. Hellenistic remains suggest a transition to agricultural use, with well-constructed farmstead features emerging …