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Articles 31 - 60 of 191
Full-Text Articles in History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology
War And Peace. The Film Iconeme Of The Urban Square As Image Of Europe In Transition (1944-1948), Paolo Villa
War And Peace. The Film Iconeme Of The Urban Square As Image Of Europe In Transition (1944-1948), Paolo Villa
Artl@s Bulletin
A central feature of European urban landscapes, the square represents the public space par excellence. At the end of WW2 and in the immediate postwar time, the role of cinema in representing and reimagining urban squares was crucial. Through film images, they became the stage and the mirror of a Europe in transition. This contribution, examining Italian, French, German, and Czechoslovak cases, posits the square as an essential iconeme in postwar nonfiction cinema and visual culture, acting as a fil rouge to visually retrace the path of Europe from war to peace, and into new forms of political tension.
Europe As A Celebrated Community Of Culture. The Council Of Europe’S Art Exhibitions In The 1950s, Lefteris Spyrou
Europe As A Celebrated Community Of Culture. The Council Of Europe’S Art Exhibitions In The 1950s, Lefteris Spyrou
Artl@s Bulletin
Born as part of a Europe-building process in the aftermath of WWII, the Council of Europe emerged, during the 1950s, as the leading intergovernmental organisation for cultural cooperation in Europe. This paper examines the Art Exhibitions held under its auspices in different western-European cities between 1954 and 1961. Presenting in chronological order the major artistic movements in Europe from the Renaissance to 1914, the exhibitions were quite successful in terms of public attendance, and became the most important institutional initiative in visualising the idea of European unity based on a shared cultural heritage.
Le Musée Des Écoles Étrangères Et Le Spectre De La Guerre En Europe Dans L’Entre-Deux- Guerres, Elena Maria Rita Rizzi
Le Musée Des Écoles Étrangères Et Le Spectre De La Guerre En Europe Dans L’Entre-Deux- Guerres, Elena Maria Rita Rizzi
Artl@s Bulletin
Cet article examine si et comment la politique artistique du Musée des Écoles étrangères à Paris dans les années 1920 et 1930 put contribuer à définir l’ « art européen » ainsi que l’espace européen. Il étudie ensuite la seule toile exposée par le musée – Europe, réalisée par l’artiste Ismaël Gonzalez de La Serna vers 1935 – qui prêta une attention particulière au sujet. Tout en mettant cette oeuvre en rapport avec les oeuvres portant sur le même sujet réalisées à l’époque par d’autres artistes, il s’agit, enfin, de comprendre la faible circulation de cette image de l’Europe, qui …
Perspectives On Changing Cultural Spaces In 19th Century Europe, Christophe Charle
Perspectives On Changing Cultural Spaces In 19th Century Europe, Christophe Charle
Artl@s Bulletin
To define the limits of European cultural spaces requires a pragmatic and empirical approach, founded on a comparative overview of the circulations of symbolic goods, of the agents involved in the processes of diffusion and mediatization of these goods, and of their modes of transmission or valorization. In this essay, I illustrate the effects of changing conditions on the specific field of 19th-century opera, one of the first international forms of cultural practice in Europe. I then consider the origins and causes of unequal cultural circulations in other fields, notably the presence or absence of mediators in these processes of …
A Light On Europe. The International And Intermedial Trajectory Of A Medieval Chandelier At The Turn Of The Nineteenth Century, Eveline Deneer
A Light On Europe. The International And Intermedial Trajectory Of A Medieval Chandelier At The Turn Of The Nineteenth Century, Eveline Deneer
Artl@s Bulletin
This article investigates the shaping of European visual culture by tracing the international and intermedial trajectory of the visual motive of a chandelier from a 15th-century Burgundian manuscript in the decades around 1800. Passing from Brussels, Paris, Lyon, Mannheim, and Vienna to Coburg, and moving from illumination to drawing, archaeological illustration, painting, engraving to the applied arts, its trajectory exemplifies the historical conditions and cultural phenomena that animated the formation of a European visual culture, at a time when historical and national consciousness were developing on the continent.
The New World Debate And The 18th-Century Images Of America That Brought Europe Together, Catherine Dossin
The New World Debate And The 18th-Century Images Of America That Brought Europe Together, Catherine Dossin
Artl@s Bulletin
The New World Debate offers a privileged site to reconstruct and study Europe’s self-image in the 18th century. Taking on Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle, Rameau’s Les Indes Galantes, Voltaire’s Alzire et les Americains, and De Pauw’s Recherches philosophiques sur les Américains, this paper traces the process through which Europe elaborated a Eurocentric view of the world organization through a paternalistic, usually benevolent but always contemptuous, relation to America that would come to define Europe’s colonial expansion of the 19th century and make colonialism an essential, yet uncomfortable, dimension of Europe’s modern identity.
Fashioning Europe: Identity And Dress In Early Modern Costume Books, Emilia Olechnowicz
Fashioning Europe: Identity And Dress In Early Modern Costume Books, Emilia Olechnowicz
Artl@s Bulletin
This article aims to demonstrate how early modern costume books attempted to define the identities of Europeans. They presented a system of social stratifications, describing the presumed differences between people of various origins, age, gender, and, above all, social position. The existence of these differences was presented as part of an order not only social and political but also moral and religious. On closer inspection, however, it becomes apparent that these differences had as much to do with actual cultural disparities between people as with the different perspectives and attitudes of the authors of the individual books.
The Column And The Pediment: The Persistence Of Values?, Areti Adamopoulou
The Column And The Pediment: The Persistence Of Values?, Areti Adamopoulou
Artl@s Bulletin
There is one icon dispersed worldwide and historically associated with higher values: the façade of a columnated building capped by a pediment. This simple vertical, horizontal, and triangular formation runs through the ages and is firmly associated with values and ideas stemming from Europe. It survived centuries of use and abuse, and served revolutions, nation-states, democracies, colonialism, totalitarian regimes, and commercial culture. It even reached the world of computer graphic symbols and still inspires artists. In this paper, I discuss this icon in terms of its diffusion and persistency and comment upon its link to Europe.
Thinking Europe Visually. A Schizophrenic Certitude, Béatrice Joyeux-Prunel
Thinking Europe Visually. A Schizophrenic Certitude, Béatrice Joyeux-Prunel
Artl@s Bulletin
This article questions the existence of a shared European visual culture by examining how images circulated across the continent from the late nineteenth to the mid‑twentieth century. It revisits the post‑war concepts of Weltliteratur and Malraux’s Musée imaginaire, showing how they sought to ground European unity in culture despite their Western‑centric biases. Through the categories of witness images, constructed images, and circulating images, the text argues that visuals both reflect and shape European identities. Large‑scale analysis of illustrated press images (1880–1960) reveals that art images—especially religious motifs and reproductions—were the only visual content consistently circulating across Europe. The article …
Artistic Novelties Or Political Tools? Circulating Cold War Art Exhibitions In Finland, Maija Koskinen
Artistic Novelties Or Political Tools? Circulating Cold War Art Exhibitions In Finland, Maija Koskinen
Artl@s Bulletin
The cultural Cold War was a global phenomenon, but how was it fought in Finland, on the periphery of Northern Europe? The essay brings a previously insufficiently known Finnish perspective into the study of cultural Cold War by introducing a research project, Mission Finland – Cold War cultural diplomacy at the cross roads of East and West, 1945–1991. The essay discusses study methods of international art exhibitions as soft power and introduces – with concrete Finnish examples – the concept of “state- run exhibition” as a means to comprehend the role of circulating art exhibitions as Cold War cultural …
Exhibiting Across The Iron Curtain: The Forgotten Trail Of Danish Artists Exhibiting In The Context Of State Socialism, Ca. 1955–1985, Kristian Handberg, Yulia Karpova
Exhibiting Across The Iron Curtain: The Forgotten Trail Of Danish Artists Exhibiting In The Context Of State Socialism, Ca. 1955–1985, Kristian Handberg, Yulia Karpova
Artl@s Bulletin
The article presents the research project “Exhibiting across the Iron Curtain: The forgot-ten trail of Danish artists exhibiting in the context of state socialism, ca. 1955–1985” (The University of Copenhagen, 2021–24). Project researchers Kristian Handberg and Yulia Karpova introduce the project and its most important ambitions, especially those related to the theme of cross- border connectivity in the Nordic region through a few examples taken from their most recent work. These case studies illustrate how they approach this particular material and will tackle the questions and challenges that may rise.
Exhibiting Art In A European Periphery? International Art In Sweden During The Cold War, Katarina Wadstein Macleod, Marta Edling, Pella Myrstener
Exhibiting Art In A European Periphery? International Art In Sweden During The Cold War, Katarina Wadstein Macleod, Marta Edling, Pella Myrstener
Artl@s Bulletin
The project Exhibiting Art in a European Periphery? International Art in Sweden during the Cold War aimed to investigate international exhibitions in Sweden during the postwar period from circa 1945 to the end of the 1980s. The main objective was to find information beyond preconceived ideas of what is important, interesting, or simply good art. In this article, we present our method for searching through the archives and some of the findings and insights generated.
Exhibiting Contemporary Art In The Early 1990s Nordic–Baltic Realm, Annika Öhrner
Exhibiting Contemporary Art In The Early 1990s Nordic–Baltic Realm, Annika Öhrner
Artl@s Bulletin
This article investigates exhibitions of Baltic contemporary art in the Early 1990s, that were directed towards an international audience. Notions of an art life finally freed from the heavy institutional power of the Soviet occupation has served to obscure the arrival of other inter-national and political presences, the ones from Norden. While new Baltic art practices were widely made public in the three Baltic capitals after 1991, the fact that the highest political level of Nordic foreign policy provided an infrastructure for this, was not. “The Nordic–Baltic realm,” is here suggested as a notion of interactions between the contemporary art …
Art Contre/Against Apartheid At Lunds Konsthall: An Entangled History Of Art And Solidarity From Paris To Pretoria, Katarina Wadstein Macleod
Art Contre/Against Apartheid At Lunds Konsthall: An Entangled History Of Art And Solidarity From Paris To Pretoria, Katarina Wadstein Macleod
Artl@s Bulletin
This article concerns the international touring exhibition Art contre/against Apartheid originating in France and which reached Lunds konsthall, Sweden in 1984 and was to tour the world for ten years. The aim with this exhibition was to raise awareness of the apartheid regime, cause international protest and ultimately remove the repressive political system. Using histoire croisée as a method this article investigates the different interests and stake-holders in the exhibition at Lunds konsthall, including the critique of the exhibition as resting on white supremacy. The purpose of the article is to locate the different intersections regarding international art, international politics …
The Afterlife Of Danish Modern: Design Exhibition In Moscow, 1969–70, Yulia Karpova
The Afterlife Of Danish Modern: Design Exhibition In Moscow, 1969–70, Yulia Karpova
Artl@s Bulletin
The exhibition Contemporary Danish Design arrived in Moscow in December 1969, when Danish design was undergoing a crisis. The popularity of “Danish Modern,” the notion centered on excellent artisanship, natural materials, and a balance between tradition and modernity, was diminishing due to shifting tastes in home furnishing and consumer society critiques. This article considers the Moscow exhibition as a twin effort to include design in Danish- Soviet cultural diplomacy and to revive the cultural importance of Danish Modern in the era of waning techno-optimism and student protests.
Exhibiting Cobra Across The Iron Curtain: Exhibition Diplomacy And Modernism As Ostpolitik Across Borders In Northern Europe During The Cold War, Kristian Handberg
Exhibiting Cobra Across The Iron Curtain: Exhibition Diplomacy And Modernism As Ostpolitik Across Borders In Northern Europe During The Cold War, Kristian Handberg
Artl@s Bulletin
The article examines how the Danish artists of the group Cobra appeared in front of exhibitions organized by the Danish state touring the state socialist countries during the Cold War from the early 1960s to the late 1980s. This unknown aspect of the international circulation of the artists were part of the official cultural diplomacy of the Danish state and can contribute to a new understanding of art exhibitions in the Cold War as “Ostpolitik” and the commitment of the artists in these efforts. The article observes the importance of cultural diplomacy in relation to border- crossing exhibitions and the …
Art For All! Nordic Art And Cultural Democracy, 1945–1959, Marta Edling
Art For All! Nordic Art And Cultural Democracy, 1945–1959, Marta Edling
Artl@s Bulletin
The article will by emphasizing a transnational and geopolitical approach, investigate eight exhibitions of modern art from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden presented in Nordic cities 1946–1959. The text highlights the importance of this regional context and argues that the artworks can be seen as socially interconnected signs mediated through the communicative agency of the exhibitions. By focusing on subject matter and artwork titles presented, the article suggests that the exhibitions can be viewed as part of interacting artistic, civic, and political agendas aiming to democratize culture in the postwar Nordic welfare states.
Charting The Beyond. On The Two “First” International Surrealist Exhibitions In Scandinavia, Andrea Kollnitz
Charting The Beyond. On The Two “First” International Surrealist Exhibitions In Scandinavia, Andrea Kollnitz
Artl@s Bulletin
This article examines two exhibitions introducing international surrealism in the North: Paris 1932 in Stockholm 1932 and Kubisme = Surrealisme in Copenhagen in 1935. Focusing on contents, networks and agents, the analysis shows competitive negotiations of national and local identities in interaction with the promotion of surrealism as a universal international phenomenon. Using a decentralising approach, the article reflects on the role of Paris and other cities as stations as well as elucidates national, transnational and transcultural processes and interactions in the international dissemination of surrealism.
Routes And Ruptures. Swedish Artistic Mobility In The Early Twentieth Century, Jessica Sjöholm Skrubbe
Routes And Ruptures. Swedish Artistic Mobility In The Early Twentieth Century, Jessica Sjöholm Skrubbe
Artl@s Bulletin
This article presents the results of an empirical study of Swedish artistic mobility during the first decades of the twentieth century, a period associated with the emergence of modernism in Swedish art and with Paris as an unquestionable point of reference. Without questioning Paris as an artistic node, it highlights the discrepancy between art history’s narrativisation of transnational mobility and the diverse artistic itineraries that empirical material evidences. Focusing on Swedish artists’ travels in France, Germany, Denmark, and Italy, it offers a geohistorical trajectory that differentiates established narratives.
Entanglements And Cross-Border Connectivity Of The Nordic–Baltic Region, Marta Edling, Annika Öhrner
Entanglements And Cross-Border Connectivity Of The Nordic–Baltic Region, Marta Edling, Annika Öhrner
Artl@s Bulletin
At the center of attention of this issue is trans-local, transnational, regional, and worldwide contacts inside and outside the Nordic-Baltic region from the late 1800s to the late 1900s. As an introduction, this text attempts to give an overview of some of its major themes and findings. It highlights how the interactive function of cross-border contacts is demonstrated by cases of art and design transfers, artistic travels, Scandinavian intellectual contacts, and cross-border connections over 100 years. Together, the texts published in this issue reflect the interdependent nature of international relations and the vital function of intermediate positions.
In Memoriam Of Laura Ramírez Palacio (1988–2022), Paula Barreiro López, Anita Orzes
In Memoriam Of Laura Ramírez Palacio (1988–2022), Paula Barreiro López, Anita Orzes
Artl@s Bulletin
In memoriam of Laura Ramírez Palacio, who passed away in April 2022.
Partisan Genealogies: Radical Visual (And Political) Practices. An Introduction, Paula Barreiro López
Partisan Genealogies: Radical Visual (And Political) Practices. An Introduction, Paula Barreiro López
Artl@s Bulletin
This special issue has been conceived in the framework of the project Ré.Part. - Résistance(s) Partisane(s): Culture visuelle, imaginaires collectifs et mémoire révolutionnaire (Université Grenoble Alpes, ANR-15-IDEX-02) and the research project MoDe(s) – Decentralized Modernities: Art, Politics and Counterculture in the Transatlantic Axis during the Cold War (Universidad de Barcelona, HAR2017-82755-P).
We are very thankful for the support of the Jean Monnet Excellence Centre IMAGO (École normale supérieure - Université Paris Sciences Lettres, co-funded by the Erasmus + Program of the European Union) and of the Laboratoire de Recherches Historiques Rhône Alpes.
Many thanks to the editorial team of Artl@s …
Ressusciter La Lutte Antifasciste: Art, Politique Et Mémoire Entre La Guerre Civile Et L'Espagne D’Aujourd’Hui, Paula Barreiro López
Ressusciter La Lutte Antifasciste: Art, Politique Et Mémoire Entre La Guerre Civile Et L'Espagne D’Aujourd’Hui, Paula Barreiro López
Artl@s Bulletin
Prenant pour point de départ l’œuvre Resurrección de Núria Güell (2013), cet article aborde le rôle que les artistes contemporains ont assumé, en Espagne, dans la contestation du passé fasciste. Il traite les politiques de terreur mises en œuvre pendant et après la guerre civile, ainsi que la résistance antifasciste pendant la dictature, menée par le maquis, mais aussi par des artistes associés à des organisations d’extrême gauche. Enfin, il réintègre l’œuvre de Güell dans un contexte de création militant de son époque où l’on cherchait à réactiver l’antifascisme face aux survivances structurelles du franquisme dans l’Espagne contemporaine.
Antifascism And Wildness. “Partisan Ecologies” Between The Spanish Civil War And The Global Warming Era, Jaime Vindel
Antifascism And Wildness. “Partisan Ecologies” Between The Spanish Civil War And The Global Warming Era, Jaime Vindel
Artl@s Bulletin
This short essay uses the concept of “partisan ecologies” in order to analyse certain past and present chapters on the relationship between anti-fascism and nature. According to the Swedish eco- Marxist Andreas Malm, wilderness has not only represented an essentialist idea resulting from the projections of conservationist environmentalism about a supposedly untouched nature, but has also been one of the real spaces of a modern antagonism. Taking this theoretical point of departure, the text describes the Alpine Battalion of the Sierra del Guadarrama during the Spanish Civil War and its resonances in some contemporary events.
Infancia Y Revolución. Reflexiones Sobre La Figura Del Niño Combatiente Dentro De Las Narrativas Visuales Revolucionarias Y De Liberación A Partir Los Casos De Nicaragua Y El Salvador En La Década De 1980, Laura Ramírez Palacio
Infancia Y Revolución. Reflexiones Sobre La Figura Del Niño Combatiente Dentro De Las Narrativas Visuales Revolucionarias Y De Liberación A Partir Los Casos De Nicaragua Y El Salvador En La Década De 1980, Laura Ramírez Palacio
Artl@s Bulletin
Tomando como punto de partida el caso de imágenes referentes a los procesos revolucionarios en Nicaragua y El Salvador durante la década de 1980, el presente artículo reflexiona sobre antecedentes en la historia de las revoluciones, donde la incorporación de los niños no solo fue una realidad, sino también un elemento simbólico asociado a la idea de liberación en pos de una transformación social duradera en el tiempo. De este modo el texto analiza y busca situar la figura del niño combatiente dentro de las narrativas visuales revolucionarias y de liberación en la historia reciente de Occidente.
Partisan Dilemmas Between Activism And Socially Engaged Art: Situations In Loisaida At The End Of The Seventies, Olga FernáNdez López
Partisan Dilemmas Between Activism And Socially Engaged Art: Situations In Loisaida At The End Of The Seventies, Olga FernáNdez López
Artl@s Bulletin
The end of 1970s is an interesting moment to understand the epistemic shift that involves the passage from partisan artistic activism to contemporary socially engaged art. Then, a significant convergence took place in the neighborhood of Loisaida (NYC), where artists and local residents coincided in their modes of action. However, its subsequent cultural interpretations have overlooked each other. Art history cosmopolitan approaches clashed with migration identities, traversed by victimhood, but also by transnational heritages. This article examines and reunites both traditions looking for a reparative art history.
An Antifascist Biennale: ‘Libertà Al Cile’ In And From Venice, Anita Orzes
An Antifascist Biennale: ‘Libertà Al Cile’ In And From Venice, Anita Orzes
Artl@s Bulletin
The article analyses the section Libertà al Cile [Liberty for Chile] of 1974 Venice Biennale. Even if this cultural proposal against Pinochet’s regime had a significant role and was the most visible face of La Biennale per una cultura democratica e antifascista [The Biennial for a democratic and anti- fascist culture], a detailed study of this exhibition is still missing. The aim of this article is to contextualize Libertà al Cile within the project of the New Biennale and its new exhibition formula, as well as within the ties of brotherhood that united Italy and Chile by paying attention to …
Exposición Mexicana De Pintura Y Estampa Contemporáneas. Mexican Art In The Eastern Front 1955: Poland And Bulgaria, Fabiola Martínez Rodríguez
Exposición Mexicana De Pintura Y Estampa Contemporáneas. Mexican Art In The Eastern Front 1955: Poland And Bulgaria, Fabiola Martínez Rodríguez
Artl@s Bulletin
The subject of this paper is a travelling exhibition organized by the National Front of Plastic Arts which toured various cities in the Eastern Bloc between 1955 and 1956. Its objective was to introduce the public to Mexican art, and to promote the socially committed art of the Mexican School and its enduring revolutionary spirit. Attention will be given to two of its venues: Poland and Bulgaria. It is hoped that this focused analysis will provide a deeper understanding of its artistic and political objectives, whilst highlighting the activism of the Mexican School in the context of the Cultural Cold …
Giandante X: An Artist For Gramsci And The International Brigades (1920–1941), Jacopo Galimberti
Giandante X: An Artist For Gramsci And The International Brigades (1920–1941), Jacopo Galimberti
Artl@s Bulletin
Dante Pescò, also known as Giandante X, was a Milanese anarchist who participated as a militant, militiaman and artist in some of the major struggles of antifascism in the 1920s and 1930s, from the street clashes against the Blackshirts in Italy to the Spanish Civil War. The article retraces two decades of Giandante X’s oeuvre, concentrating on his work for Antonio Gramsci’s l’Unità and on his manifold agit-prop production for the International Brigades.
La Méditerranée Des Artistes: Ouverture Sur Le Présent, Maria Grazia Messina
La Méditerranée Des Artistes: Ouverture Sur Le Présent, Maria Grazia Messina
Artl@s Bulletin
Ce texte, conçu comme un épilogue au colloque La Méditerranée des artistes, entend faire le point sur les méthodes de travail des artistes qui ont abordé le thème de l’identité méditerranéenne dans leurs œuvres au cours des cinquante dernières années. A la lumière de quelques récents points de repère bibliographique, des thèmes majeurs sont envisagés, tels que le genius loci, la crise induite par une remise en cause des identités due à la mondialisation, le risque du folklore et d’un orientalisme introjecté, les différences entre les artistes des rives Nord et Sud de la Méditerranée.