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Articles 151 - 180 of 1794
Full-Text Articles in History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: A Hebrew Inscription Engraved On A Jar Handle, Daniel Vainstub
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: A Hebrew Inscription Engraved On A Jar Handle, Daniel Vainstub
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations at Ras el-‘Amud yielded a partially preserved Hebrew inscription engraved on the handle of a storage jar before firing. The surviving part of the inscription reads: נחם ⸱ [ל ] ר̇̇ם—“(belongs) [to ]rm (son of) Nḥm.” All the letters of the inscription are paleographically consistent with the Hebrew script of the eighth–seventh centuries BCE. A short, semi-oblique stroke descending from upper-left to lower-right was used to divide the words. Personal names constructed on the root nḥm (“console”, “comfort”) are very common in the Hebrew onomasticon, as well as in other West Semitic languages. The suffix רם …
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: The Groundstone Tool Assemblage, Aaron Greener
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: The Groundstone Tool Assemblage, Aaron Greener
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations at Ras el-‘Amud yielded 71 identified groundstone tools, 55 of which were discovered in the Intermediate Bronze Age (IBA) strata, with the remaining 16 found in the Iron Age and Roman/Byzantine strata and in unclear contexts. These tools mainly comprise hammerstones, likely associated with the production of flint tools at the site, as well as perforated stones, mortars, bowlets, rubbing stones, a grinding stone, a pestle and some other tools. The identified groundstone tools suggest activities related to the processing of cereals, grains and other agricultural produce, as well as possible animal fiber processing and various domestic tasks …
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: A Scarab And Two Pithos Handle Impressions, Baruch Brandl
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: A Scarab And Two Pithos Handle Impressions, Baruch Brandl
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations at Ras el-‘Amud yielded a scarab and two stamped pithos handles, all recovered from Stratum III and dated to the Middle Bronze IIC. The scarab, attributed to the group of Late Middle Bronze Age Canaanite Scarabs, has only one published parallel from a Canaanite site. The two stamped pithos handles likely originated from a single pithos. Variations in the size and outline of their impressions, as well as in the location and size of the hieroglyphic signs, suggest they were made either from different plaques or from opposite faces of the same bifacial plaque. Both impressions have only …
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: Pottery From The Iron Age And The Persian Period, Liora Freud
Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem: Pottery From The Iron Age And The Persian Period, Liora Freud
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This article presents Iron IIB pottery sherds, along with some Persian-period sherds, from the excavation at Ras el-‘Amud. The sherds were retrieved from accumulations around the Iron Age terrace walls and their foundations. The dating of the sherds, along with the results of previous excavations on the ridge of the site, suggests a small occupation at Ras el-‘Amud, primarily during the Iron IIB–C.
Mount Of Olives (Ras El-‘Amud), Jerusalem: Settlement Remains From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Other Remains From The Middle Bronze, Late Bronze, Iron Age, Roman And Byzantine Periods / הר הזיתים (שכונת ראס אל–עמוד), ירושלים: שרידי יישוב מתקופת הברונזה הביניימית ושרידים מתקופות הברונזה התיכונה, הברונזה המאוחרת, הברזל, הרומית והביזנטית, Ron Beeri, Irina Zilberbod, Shoshana Israeli
Mount Of Olives (Ras El-‘Amud), Jerusalem: Settlement Remains From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Other Remains From The Middle Bronze, Late Bronze, Iron Age, Roman And Byzantine Periods / הר הזיתים (שכונת ראס אל–עמוד), ירושלים: שרידי יישוב מתקופת הברונזה הביניימית ושרידים מתקופות הברונזה התיכונה, הברונזה המאוחרת, הברזל, הרומית והביזנטית, Ron Beeri, Irina Zilberbod, Shoshana Israeli
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Excavations conducted on the southern outskirts of the Ras el-‘Amud neighborhood, at the foot of the southwestern slope of the Mount of Olives ridge, revealed six occupational strata (VI–I), dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age to the Byzantine period. Strata VI–V uncovered a permanent agricultural settlement from the Intermediate Bronze Age, featuring residential buildings and courtyards. Stratum IV yielded an activity layer from the Middle Bronze IIA, indicating the existence of a rural settlement from the beginning of this period, which was part of the agricultural hinterland of Jerusalem. Stratum III contained a burial or burials from the Middle Bronze …
74/1 | Hellenistic Nysa-Scythopolis Stratigraphy And Architecture, Gabriel Mazor, Walid Atrash, Debora Sandhaus
74/1 | Hellenistic Nysa-Scythopolis Stratigraphy And Architecture, Gabriel Mazor, Walid Atrash, Debora Sandhaus
IAA Reports—Monograph Series of the Israel Antiquities Authority
This is the fifth volume of publications of the Bet She’an Archaeological Project, describing the large-scale IAA excavations at the site of Bet She’an–ancient Nysa-Scythopolis, during 1986–2002. Bet She’an V: Hellenistic Nysa-Scythopolis is the second volume presenting the full excavation report of the IAA excavations at Tel Iẓṭabba, conducted between 1991 and 1994. The first volume in this series, Bet She’an IV (IAA Reports 62), focused on two corpora of finds: stamped amphora handles and sealings. The current volume, Bet She’an V, is comprised of two parts (IAA Reports 74/1, 74/2) dedicated to the stratigraphy, architecture and finds from the …
The Dw2 Shipwreck: The Tobacco Pipe Finds / ספינה טרופה: ממצא המקטרות, Ofra Barkai, Anna De Vincenz, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Jacob Sharvit
The Dw2 Shipwreck: The Tobacco Pipe Finds / ספינה טרופה: ממצא המקטרות, Ofra Barkai, Anna De Vincenz, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Jacob Sharvit
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation of the DW2 shipwreck uncovered 13 ceramic tobacco pipes. Most of the pipes are of the cup type, with a few examples of the bowl or disk-base types. All the pipes are decorated with geometric patterns; two are also adorned with floral motifs, and one bears a maker’s stamp. The pipes date from the seventeenth century to the early twentieth century CE, with most attributed to the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. Parallels were identified at several sites, including the ‘Akko 1 and Kitten shipwrecks. Petrographic analysis of eight pipes indicates they were manufactured in the geographic …
The Dw2 Shipwreck: The Carpenters’ Work / ספינה טרופה: עבודת הנגרים, Avner Hillman, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Ofra Barkai
The Dw2 Shipwreck: The Carpenters’ Work / ספינה טרופה: עבודת הנגרים, Avner Hillman, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Ofra Barkai
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation of the DW2 shipwreck revealed that the vessel was primarily constructed from Cypriot pine (Pinus brutia), with wooden nails made from Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) and Turkey oak (Quercus cerris). Analysis of the heartwood, knots and annual rings in the ship’s wooden components indicates that the pines were old and of low quality. The ship’s construction demonstrates efficient utilization of the trees, including small wood pieces and branches. The carpenters sawed the wood in a pre-planned manner, prioritizing function over aesthetics. Tool marks on the wood suggest the use of a saw, …
The Dw2 Shipwreck: Evidence Of Trade With Small Vessels (Coasters) In Southern Syria And The Land Of Israel During The Late Ottoman Period /ספינה טרופה: עדות לסחר בכלי שיט קטנים בדרום סוריה ובארץ ישראל בשלהי התקופה העות'מאנית, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Jacob Sharvit, Ofra Barkai
The Dw2 Shipwreck: Evidence Of Trade With Small Vessels (Coasters) In Southern Syria And The Land Of Israel During The Late Ottoman Period /ספינה טרופה: עדות לסחר בכלי שיט קטנים בדרום סוריה ובארץ ישראל בשלהי התקופה העות'מאנית, Idit Yovel Even-Zur, Jacob Sharvit, Ofra Barkai
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Three excavation seasons conducted in the southern lagoon of Dor uncovered the remains of the Dor Wreck 2 (DW2) shipwreck—a 15.5 m-long trading coaster built from poor-quality but well-preserved wood. The ship was constructed using techniques characteristic of the Mediterranean shipbuilding tradition. The hull of the ship was well-preserved, indicating it could carry up to 20 tons of cargo. However, due to the scarcity of finds, it is not possible to determine the ship’s cargo. The identified wood species suggest that the ship was constructed in western Turkey or southwestern Syria. Carbon-14 dating, combined with electrochemical analysis of the corrosion …
Buildings Of The Persian, Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Kabar, In The Northern Hebron Hills (Hebrew, Pp. 49*–71*; English Summary, Pp. 205–207), Yuval Baruch
'Atiqot
Two buildings were exposed. The northern building comprised rooms surrounding a central courtyard; the pottery finds from this building date from the Persian period, and chiefly, to the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods (first century BCE). Only two rooms survived of the southern building, which apparently opened to a courtyard. Many storage-jar sherds were found, seemingly in situ. On two of them, Aramaic letters were incised before firing. An Achaemenid-style conical glass seal was unearthed, depicting a hero or a ruler holding flanking lions. This building may have had an administrative or storage function. Three tombs were uncovered in proximity …
The Persian-Period Archaeozoological Finds From Tel Ya‘Oz (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–47*), Moshe Sade
The Persian-Period Archaeozoological Finds From Tel Ya‘Oz (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–47*), Moshe Sade
'Atiqot
The archaeozoological finds comprised the bones of domesticated sheep/goat and cattle, and mollusks.
Drinking Vessels (Rytha) From Tel Ya‘Oz (Hebrew, Pp. 25*–37*; English Summary, Pp. 203–204), Irit Ziffer, Raz Kletter, Orit Segal
Drinking Vessels (Rytha) From Tel Ya‘Oz (Hebrew, Pp. 25*–37*; English Summary, Pp. 203–204), Irit Ziffer, Raz Kletter, Orit Segal
'Atiqot
Three drinking vessels (rytha) were found in the Persian-period building at Tel Ya‘oz: an almost complete human-headed rython and two animal heads, of a ram and a lion. The anthropomorphic rython is undoubtedly the most extraordinary of the three. It is a local adaptation of an Achaemenid vessel that was used at royal banquets. Its Egyptian appearance might suggest that is was created by an Egyptian working on the Levantine coast, or by a Levantine trained in Egyptian iconography.
Petrographic Analysis Of The Persian-Period Ceramic Assemblage From Tel Ya‘Oz (Hebrew, Pp. 39*–44*; English Summary, Pp. 204–205), Amir Gorzalczany
Petrographic Analysis Of The Persian-Period Ceramic Assemblage From Tel Ya‘Oz (Hebrew, Pp. 39*–44*; English Summary, Pp. 204–205), Amir Gorzalczany
'Atiqot
Thirty-nine samples of Persian-period wares were selected for analysis, and five petrographic groups were identified. The overwhelming majority of the assemblage was of non-local provenance. Several ranges of import were discerned, and it seems that the import-trade-exchange patterns at the site were oriented overseas or toward the Phoenician coast.
A Persian-Period Building From Tel Ya‘Oz (Tell Ghaza) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–24*; English Summary, P. 203), Orit Segal, Raz Kletter, Irit Ziffer
A Persian-Period Building From Tel Ya‘Oz (Tell Ghaza) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–24*; English Summary, P. 203), Orit Segal, Raz Kletter, Irit Ziffer
'Atiqot
Thirty-nine samples of Persian-period wares were selected for analysis, and five petrographic groups were identified. The overwhelming majority of the assemblage was of non-local provenance. Several ranges of import were discerned, and it seems that the import-trade-exchange patterns at the site were oriented overseas or toward the Phoenician coast.
Chemical Study Of Basaltic Hopper-Rubber (Olynthus) Mills From Naḥal Tut And ‘En Hofez (Pp. 197–200), Irena Segal
Chemical Study Of Basaltic Hopper-Rubber (Olynthus) Mills From Naḥal Tut And ‘En Hofez (Pp. 197–200), Irena Segal
'Atiqot
Four basalt stones of hopper-rubber (Olynthus) mills were sampled for chemical analysis; two were found at Naḥal Tut and two, from ‘En Hofez. All were dated on the basis of stratigraphy to the second half of the fourth century BCE. The chemical examination established that the millstones from Naḥal Tut were manufactured in the area of Nisyros, in the Aegean region.
Naḥal Tut (Site Viii): A Fortified Storage Depot From The Late Fourth Century Bce (Pp. 131–189), Yardenna Alexandre
Naḥal Tut (Site Viii): A Fortified Storage Depot From The Late Fourth Century Bce (Pp. 131–189), Yardenna Alexandre
'Atiqot
Excavations at the site revealed a large building complex, comprising casemate walls built on bedrock around a large central courtyard with corner towers. It was a well-planned and well-fortified complex, located at a strategic point. The complex was occupied for a brief period of time, at the very end of the Persian (Achaemenid) period and the very beginning of the Hellenistic period (c. 350–325 BCE). It was destroyed by a violent destruction, which claimed human victims. The destruction was dated by a single bronze coin of Alexander III to 336–323 BCE. The pottery finds at the site were homogenous, including …
Petrographic Analysis Of The Pottery From Naḥal Tut (Pp. 191–195), Amir Gorzalczany
Petrographic Analysis Of The Pottery From Naḥal Tut (Pp. 191–195), Amir Gorzalczany
'Atiqot
Nine samples of Persian-period wares were selected for analysis. Five petrographic groups were identified, pointing to the presence of local wares, close-range imports from the Carmel shore and long-range imports from the Aegean area or western Cyprus. It seems that the trade or exchange patterns at Naḥal Tut Site VIII were oriented overseas
The Kurkar And Hamra Genesis Of The Northern Hill Of Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 127–130), Eldad Barzilay
The Kurkar And Hamra Genesis Of The Northern Hill Of Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 127–130), Eldad Barzilay
'Atiqot
The geological environment of the site is composed of mobile sand, kurkar, hamra and grumosols (swelling and cracking clay soils) sediments of the Quaternary Hefer formation.
The Archaeozoological Finds From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 121–125), Moshe Sade
The Archaeozoological Finds From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 121–125), Moshe Sade
'Atiqot
Archaeozoological remains from the Middle Bronze Age and Persian period were discovered in the 1996 excavations at Tel Mikhal.
The Flint Tools From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 117–119), Hamoudi Khalaily
The Flint Tools From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 117–119), Hamoudi Khalaily
'Atiqot
The Early Bronze Age is represented at Tel Mikhal by three Canaanean sickle blades and retouched blades, products of the Canaanean industry.
A Lead Amulet Of Nefertem From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 109–111), Amir Gorzalczany
A Lead Amulet Of Nefertem From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 109–111), Amir Gorzalczany
'Atiqot
A lead amulet representing the Egyptian god Nefertem (nfrtm) was found at Tel Mikhal, very close to the edge of the northern hill, in a fill over what seems to have been a small circular Persian-period shrine
The Stone Anchor From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 113–115), Jacob Sharvit
The Stone Anchor From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 113–115), Jacob Sharvit
'Atiqot
The anchor is a triangular shaped flat slab of limestone with rounded corners and one unfinished elliptical hole. It seems to belong to the ‘weight anchors’ group.
Persian-Period Metal Finds From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 93–107), Sariel Shalev, Kamil Sari
Persian-Period Metal Finds From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 93–107), Sariel Shalev, Kamil Sari
'Atiqot
More than 100 metal objects dating to the Persian period (fifth–fourth centuries BCE) were unearthed in the excavations at Tel Mikhal. The assemblage included weapons (arrowheads); tools and implements (e.g., knives, needles, nails and tacks); weights; jewelry (bracelets, fibulae, pins and spatulae); a Tanit figurine; and an Egyptian amulet. The arrowheads were of the Irano-Scytic type, made of tin-bronze. All the arrowheads were left as cast, without mechanical treatment. Among the tools and implements, nails form the largest group; they were made of unalloyed copper and tin-bronze. The ten fibulae found at the site were made of tin-bronze; all underwent …
Stamped Amphora Handles From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 89–91), Donald T. Ariel
Stamped Amphora Handles From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 89–91), Donald T. Ariel
'Atiqot
Three stamped amphora handles were recovered from the excavations at Tel Mikhal. Two are Rhodian, while the third is most likely the handle of a Samian amphora.
Petrographic Analysis Of Two Ballast Stones From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 67–69), Amir Gorzalczany
Petrographic Analysis Of Two Ballast Stones From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 67–69), Amir Gorzalczany
'Atiqot
Both ballast stones were reused in a Persian-period installation. Their analysis revealed that they were of plutonic material, thus pointing to a distant provenance, perhaps in the Cyprus area. The stones were probably loaded on a merchant ship on its way from the eastern Mediterranean to the Tel Mikhal anchorage.
Coins From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 71–88), Donald T. Ariel
Coins From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 71–88), Donald T. Ariel
'Atiqot
Thirty-eight coins were found in the excavation on the Northern Hill at Tel Mikhal, 33 were identified: 18 isolated coins, and 15 coins that formed part of a Persian-period hoard. The isolated coins are mainly of the Persian period, probably deriving from one phase of occupation that began in the second quarter of the fourth century BCE. The war between Ptolemy I and Antigonus possibly marks the end of the Persian stratum. The later numismatic evidence at the site indicates that the Northern Hill may have been occupied only during the Seleucid period. The hoard comprises Athenian-style tetradrachms, dating to …
Petrographic Analysis Of The Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) Pottery (Pp. 57–65), Amir Gorzalczany
Petrographic Analysis Of The Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) Pottery (Pp. 57–65), Amir Gorzalczany
'Atiqot
Thirty-six vessels were submitted for petrographic analysis, most of them from the Persian period and several from Middle Bronze Age II. Several wasters from the kilns were analyzed as well. The results point to a large variety of pottery types in the Persian period, which were divided into three main groups: local products; short- to medium-range distance imports; and long-distance imports. These finds parallel those identified at other southern coastal sites, which show an overwhelming amount of imported pottery.
The 1996 Excavations Along The Northern Hill At Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 1–19), Amir Gorzalczany
The 1996 Excavations Along The Northern Hill At Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 1–19), Amir Gorzalczany
'Atiqot
Excavations on the Northern Hill at Tel Mikhal revealed rich finds, in stark contrast with the poorly preserved and scant architectural remains. The earliest settlement here dates to prehistoric times, continuing into the Middle Bronze Age, when a ceramic industry operated at the site. In the Iron Age, settlement was sporadic, and mainly winepresses were unearthed. Toward the end of the Persian period, the area functioned as an industrial area for pottery production and a metal industry, as well as an area for storage and commerce. In the Hellenistic period, the site was also used for industry and storage. No …
The Pottery From The Iaa Excavations At Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 21–56), Lev Arie Kapitaikin
The Pottery From The Iaa Excavations At Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 21–56), Lev Arie Kapitaikin
'Atiqot
Three main assemblages were identified in the pottery from the IAA excavations at Tel Mikhal: Persian coarse wares, imported pottery and pottery from three kilns (Area B1). The Persian wares, including mortaria, stands, kraters and jars, date to the later part of the Persian period (450–300 BCE). The imported Persian-period wares include decorated sherds of Cypriot or Eastern Greek origin, Attic pottery and undecorated imported vessels, such as amphorae and mortaria, dating to the last three quarters of the fourth century BCE. The pottery from Kiln 461 includes forms typical of the Persian period and miniature-sized (votive?) Persian-period vessels. Kilns …
Newe Shalom And Tarum: Two Intermediate Bronze Age Sites In The Judaean Shephelah, Benyamin Storchan
Newe Shalom And Tarum: Two Intermediate Bronze Age Sites In The Judaean Shephelah, Benyamin Storchan
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Two salvage excavations were conducted at Newe Shalom and Tarum in the Judean Shephelah. The excavations revealed architectural remains indicating the existence of two settlements dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age. At Newe Shalom, a complete multiroom structure was uncovered. The absence of additional architectural remains in the vicinity indicates that it functioned as an isolated structure. At Tarum, the remains of a single structure were uncovered. These structures share common characteristics and fit well within the general architectural, ceramic and flint repertoire of the Intermediate Bronze Age in the region.