History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

Waterways Utilisation In New Kingdom Warfare, Ola Fouad Elaboudy

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This paper tackles the question of waterways in ancient Egyptian military role during the New Kingdom. It aims to present a complete overview of the most important waterways: the Nile River and the Mediterranean Sea, in an attempt to consolidate its role by analyzing the text sources and track the forms in which it was portrayed in military scenes, since so far there has been no study tackling their usage in military aspects. Hence, this paper tries to fill this research gap.

The researcher attempts to provide answers for several questions on the effect of waterways on New kingdom …

Three Unpublished Roman & Byzantine Coins From Oxyrhynchus, Mona Gabr Abd El Naby

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This article tackles studying and publishing three coins for the first time; two Roman and a single Byzantine, from the 2015 excavation of the Spanish Expedition in El-Bahnasa (ex. Oxyrhynchus) in Minya Governorate, Middle Egypt.

These three pieces carry the numbers: N.1173, N.1174 and N. 1175, and are preserved now in the Museum journal in El-Bahnasa, Hall 8. They could be respectively dated from approximately the 4^th century A.D. for the first two coins, unearthed in the site of High Necropolis, and from amidst 7^th century A.D., i.e. Late Byzantine till the dawn of the Arab Conquest …

The Cryptographic Cartouche Of Nectanebo Ii From The Great Temple Of Pr-Bastt, Mohamed Elbayoumi

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Rosenow refers to unusual cartouches discovered in the "Nectanebo II" temple at "Tell Basta" written in cryptographic form, and suggests that these cartouches may be for Nectanebo "Nxt-Hr-Hbt-mry-In-Hr-sA-BAstt".([1])However, the deities onto these cartouches are not the same. This notice attracted my attention to study these cartouches and other fragments that were found in the same area, comparing them with others belonging to the same king. Thus, the aim of this paper is to introduce the cryptography system([2]) that was used in writing these unique cartouches. Through this writing system, the paper interprets the religious and …

Aulos And Crotals In Graeco-Roman Egypt, Marwa El-Kady

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Aulos and crotals are two totally different musical instruments. Aulos is a wind instrument, while the crotals are of percussion type. They were preferably played in Egypt during the Graeco-roman period.

Aulos αὐλός was widely used in Graeco-roman Egypt and connected with cults of Egyptian deities like Bes, Hathor, Bastet and Harpocates; and Greek and Roman divinities like Dionysus (Bacchus), Athena (Minerva), and Apollo. This can be attested by historians, scenes, terra-cotta figurines and daily writings. However, the oboe (the double pipe musical instrument) had already been known in Pharonic Egypt and represented in many musical scenes in the …

Freedom Of Worship As Warranted In Islam - In Light Of Manuscripts And Documents (Historical And Archaeological Study), Boussy Zidan

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Recently, extremists entitled “ISIS” have been committing unusual behaviors, including persecution, severe punishment, killing, slanting, and burning people alive in the name of Islam. These aggressions are committed against non-Muslims, e.g. Christians and Yazidis, for no reason but believing in other creeds. Furthermore, they act as the exponent of Sunnah, persecuting Muslims of different sects as well. Thus, an inquiry emerges as follows: is the term "Human Rights" in general, and freedom of worship in particular, as principles, confined to mankind of Western origin, or is it rooted in Islam as a first handler? Proceeding on this paper; …

A Case Study Of Copper-Arsenic Ewer From The Egyptian Museum In Cairo, Egypt, Abeer Gharib, Manal Ahmed Maher

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En)This paper presents an analytical study and treatment of an Arsenical Copper ewer from old kingdom stored in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Examination and analysis were carried out by using optical microscopy (OM), metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Results indicated that ewer was made of copper-arsenic alloy; it had intended black layer which referred to the fertile soil. The ewer was made by cold-working and the spout was joined mechanically; it has three layers of alteration products with various compositions and morphology covering the substrate of the alloy. …

Xkr (Kheker) Frieze In Ancient Egypt, Naglaa Fathy Shehab

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) A frieze is either a "frame / border" that involves a picture or "structure" that contains fragments and refers to a perception, imagination or idea. The Egyptian frieze is one of the most beautiful works of Egyptian civilization from the Early Dynastic Period until the end of the Late Period. The development of the imagination of the ancient Egyptian artist was inspired by his love of nature and his history and beliefs. He influenced the formation of different units, including the "friezes" in all fields of art, such as architecture or fine arts such as sculpture, engraving and drawing, …

The Rock Art Of The Saharan Atlas (Algeria): A Spatial Analysis Essay, Dr. Merouane Rabhi, Mr. Hocine Bellahreche Bellahreche

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Rock art represents one of the most important archaeological remains in the Algerian Saharan Atlas. The various classical attempts for its study and interpretation led to the proposal of a methodological framework based on the description and classification of this archaeological record in chronological stages. The spatial distribution of rock art in the landscape as well as the related geographical context required the application of new and innovative approaches such as spatial archaeology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The main goals of this paper are to illustrate the impact of the geographic, topographic and the environmental context on these …

The Dogs In Three Theban Private Tombs, Prof. Magda Abdalla

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) In ancient Egypt, it was known that dogs were considered as ones of several Canidae. Since predynastic period, dogs were the earliest animals to be known and pictured. The main point of this article is to reveal the difference in use between the dogs used in hunting and those seated under the chairs of their owners especially in three Theban private tombs( TT.Nr.21,20,154 ), where dogs were considered to be more than pets for their owners. Further we will try to answer the question: why dogs in many tombs were seated under the chairs of their owners?

(Ar)
عرفت …

Unpublished Late Period Statue, Cairo Museum Je. 36978, Eman Ahmed Abu-Zaid

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The statue that form the subject of this paper is in the collection of the Egyptian Museum, (Cairo Museum JE. 36978. This statue date back to Late Period, and found by Georges Legrain in the Karnak Cachette. A full publication of the statue, scenes and the inscriptions that carved on its surface are included here.

(Ar)
لا تزال خبيئة الکرنک والتي تم الکشف عنها بواسطة لجران عام 1904م تحتوي علي العديد من التماثيل الغير منشورة والتي تعود بصفة خاصة الي العصر المتأخر, ومن احدي هذه التماثيل تمثال للکاهن والاب الالهي نس – با- نب- جد والمحفوظ حاليا بالمتحف المصري …

A Door Lintel With Cartouches At The Egyptian Museum (Je.59895), Bassem Mohamed Sayed

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This paper deals with a New Kingdom limestone door lintel from Medinet Habu, which is currently housed in the Cairo Museum. It bears three royal names of three kings of the New Kingdom; Amenophis I, Thutmosis IV and Ramsses II, who were worshiped as local deities at Deir El-Medina because of their roles in establishing and developing the Valley of the Kings and the society of artists and workers at Deir El-Medina. There is no owner’s name on this door lintel, but from the royal names we can assume that it was made after the reign of Ramses II. …

Iat The Milk Goddess In Ancient Egyptian Theology, Ayman Mohamed Ahmed

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This paper tackles the question of the deity (IAt) in ancient Egyptian theology. It aims at presenting a complete overview of the deity in ancient Egyptian art and scripts in an attempt to consolidate its origin and track the forms in which it was portrayed as well as accounting for its features, symbol and role in ancient Egyptian theology since so far there has been no study tackling this deity. The researcher attempts to provide answers for questions concerning how the name is written, differentiating the male and female forms of the deity as well as their link to …

Publishing And Studying Of A Group Of Stirrups Preserved In The Gayer-Anderson Museum In Cairo With Its Comparison With Models From Paintings Of The Ottoman Manuscripts, Amin Abd Allah Rashaidy

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

( En ) This study highlighted a group of masterpieces which are known as “stirrups” preserved in the Gayer-Anderson Museum in Cairo. The study has clarified its function which it is the helping of the persons in riding the horse, and the horsemen’s stability of their back. The study also dealt with the Linguistic semantics, in addition to the beginning of the appearance and development of the stirrups historically, especially the role of Muslims by Al-Muhallab Ibn Abi Sufra in making it out of iron. The study also focused on the iron that was used as a raw material in …

Le Génie Nb-Sgr "Seigneur Du Silence" Et Les Dieux Qui Portent Le Titre Nb-Sgr Dans Les Lieux S(, Salwa Kamel

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

( FR)
Nb-Sgr"Seigneur du silence" est un génie-gardien du monde infernal, Il joue un rôle tutélaire dans l'Égypte entière, car il était"le maître du silence, qui éloigne le désordre, qui chasse la turbulence d'Égypte (sur lequel on compte pour chasse le secret d'Égypte".
Il garde le soleil comme un être astral, ayant une étoile au-dessus de sa tête dans la douzième heure du jourdans le Livre du jour et de la nuit qui représente la voûte céleste sous la forme d'une déesse dénommée Nout qui recouvrait de son corps le monde habité. Ses jambes étaient …

Fan Bearer To The Right Of The King- Using The Example Of Biographical Study Of High Officials In The 18th Dynasty., Dr. Sahar Samir El-Badrawy

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

( En) Dieser Artikel mit dem Titel „Wedelträger zur Rechten des Königs“ – Am Beispiel von Lebensläufen hoher Beamten in der 18. Dynastie handelt sich um eine Untersuchung zur Eigenschaften dieses Ehrentitels. Welche Sozialklasse und welche Ämter waren verlangt um diesen Titel tragen zu dürfen. Waren besondere Leistungen und persönliche Eigenschaften verlangt? Wie waren die politische Stellung eines Titelträgers und seine Beziehung zum König? Waren diese wichtige Persönlichkeiten Beamten, die der Bürokratie angehörten, oder Höflinge? Der Artikel übernimmt eine vollständige Untersuchung zum Lebenslauf der Personen, die den Ehrentitel trugen. Haben „Wedelträger zur Rechten des Königs“ in den Darstellungen einen Wedel …

The Celestial Ferryman In Ancient Egyptian Religion "Sailor Of The Dead", Dr.Radwan Abdel-Rady Sayed Ahmed

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

( En ) In the ancient Egyptian religion, the ferryman was generally called (¡r.f-HA.f) and depicted as a sailor or a boatman standing in the stern of a papyrus boat.
The Egyptian ferryman is known from the funerary texts: Pyramid Texts of the Old Kingdom, Coffin Texts from the Middle Kingdom, Book of Dead from the New Kingdom, texts from Greco-Roman temples and other textual resources in about 21 names and titles.
It was necessary for the deceased to summon a ferryman at his crossing, that he would navigate the soul through the winding waters of the Underworld, naturally by …

The Veiled Faces Of Prophets In The Islamic Miniatures - Application On Illustrated Manuscripts Of Xvi Century In Konya Mawlānā Museum., Dr. Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim Elassal

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

( En ) The study aims to recognize interpretations of veiling the facial features of divine characters like prophets in Islamic Miniatures, various designs are appeared of such veils and an obvious development had been occurred from one school of art to another. Miniaturists in religious representations were keen to give the divines remarkable features like divine halos or usage of veils. Several researches mentioned veils' existence to cover faces of divine imagery, including prophets, but none of them made suitable analysis for such veils, with no classifying its forms, nor giving interpretations of its usage. Islamic illustrating production is …

The Sacredness Of Some Seals And Its Relationship To God Thoth, Dr.Hayam Hafez Rawash

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

( En ) Seals played an important role in ancient Egypt. They were not only used as administrative securing devices for the state bureaucracy, private individual, documents, containers, places, but also as amulets during daily life and in the netherworld. There are some features confirmed the sacredness of seals such as:
•Seals as devices of protection.
•The crime of breaking the seal.
•The seal and sacredness of the place.
•The sacredness of the process of sealing.
Beside the sacredness of seals, there are some texts confirmed the relationship between seals and the god Thoth, the relationship …

The Refusal Of Minting Ottoman Silver Para Multiples In Egypt As A Reflection Of The Political Relation With The Ottoman Sultanate, Eman Mahmoud Arafa

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

( En ) During the Ottoman reign in Egypt (918-1222 A.H/1520-1807A.D), while the mint of Istanbul –the capital of the Ottoman Sultanate- was responsible for minting the multiples of the Para, Egypt refused to follow this coinage tradition, despite the fact that it was a state of the Ottoman Empire. This practice on behalf of Egypt reflects some important political events that may show the concealed reaction of refusal and opposition to the Ottoman reign in being against minting through the silver coins as a secondary coin, and not through the golden coins which were the essential ones. In addition, …

Investigation Of Environmental Impacts On Sandstone Blocks At Luxor Temple And Concepts For Conseration, Dr. Elashmawy Abd -Elkareem Ahmed

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Sandstone blocks were used in the construction of Luxor temple. However, they, especialy cement materials, were at a great risk because of being affected by various deterioration factors. Groundwater started to rise in and around the temple, causing serious deterioration aspects of the blocks. Therefore, the current study was conducted to focus on the role of pores and cement regarding the deterioration process of sandstone blocks in the temlpe. In order to conduct systematic investigation, it adopted SEM – EDX, PLM and XRD. Also, physical and mechanical properties were examined to evaluate the components of the sandstone, under the …

The Mayors Of Wah-Swt In Late Middle Kingdom, Dr.Anwar Ahmed Selim

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

( En) In the late Middle Kingdom, Senowesert III established his funerary complex at Abydos, and built an important town adjacent to this complex. This town, which was closely associated with Senowesert III''s funerary complex, was called WAH-swt. Mayors of WAH-swt were responsible for the administration of the funerary complex of Senowesert III in addition to their town. They have additionally overseen the estates located in the vicinity of the complex and the town of WAH-swt. As such, this paper aims at spotting lights on the mayors of the town of WAH-swt, their titles, and their role in the late …

The Effect Of Money Supply(M2) On Real Magnitudes In The Economy Of Jordan A Rational Expectations Approach_X000d_, Hussain Talafha, Monther Share

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study applies a neo-classical model to test the impact of anticipated and un anticipated growth in money supply (M2) on some key economic variables in the Jourdan economy for the period (1968:1-1988:4). The model consists of four equations: (i) the money supply growth equation;(ii) the growth in unemployment rate equation; (iii) the real growth in GNP equation; and (iv) the growth in price level equation (inflation rate). The study investigates the relationships and hypotheses using two stage least square method which is applied at the first difference logarithm structural equations. The first stage is applied to the money supply …

Analysis Of Construction Industry In Jordan 1980 - 1990, Mohammed A.S. Hiyassat, Hasan M. Tantawi

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the performance of the construction industry in Jourdan during the past decade. For this purpose, the authors addressed the following issues: 1- The size of the industry which is expressed in terms of volume and contribution to gross domestic products (GDP). In this section, the causes and effects of fluctuations are discussed. 2- Contribution of the industry to the country’s fixed asset formations, and finally 3- The structure of construction contractor_x000D_ _x000D_

Eliminate The Harassment Of Putting Shame On Someone For Something, Mr. Subhi Al-Bassam

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

Some old linguistics said that the verb Aiyara (Reproach) with the preposition Al-Ba a (of) is not a good language. But some of them said it is not a very good language, this article proves, through the investigation of classic Arabic prose and poetry, and through grammar, that the verb Aiyara (Reproach) with the preposition Alba a (of) is highly correct. And is better than to be without the preposition Alba a (of).

Acoustic Factors In Forming Arabic Structure, Dr. Mohammed Jawad Al Nouri

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This paper is a study of the sound factors, which control the mechanism of sound changes, affecting Arabic sounds, when they hold adjacent positions, in certain morphological structural formations. It becomes clear to us, through linguistic patterns and examples in this paper, which are more influential than other adjacent sounds, that those sounds are characterized by certain features which make them dominant in the process of structural formation, most important among them are features of sibilant, velarization, voicedness, plosion, nasalization, being rolled, length of place of articulation, and the vowel characteristics called, in Arabic, (madd and liin). Moreover, it becomes …

The Perceptions Of Al-Yarmouk University Students To Practice Global Announcement Materials Which Are Concerned Human Rights In Jordanian Society., Amin Mohanna, Muhammad Al-Khawaldeh

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study tries to reveal the university students viewpoint in practicing the article of the international declaration of human rights in Jordanian society > this was done through a random sample consisting of 192 students of facilities of arts and education in Yarmouk University > to measure this viewpoint the researchers designed an instrument for this purpose which included all the articles of the international declaration of human rights and monitored the responses of the members of this samples to these articles according to an evaluative scale consisting of four levels (4) being the highest and (1) the lowest . Eight independent …

Rain In The Modern Arabic Poem, Dr. Hussein Yousef Kharyush

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This research discusses the domains and the implicature of rain in the modern Arab poetry. Since the rain is connected to the origins of life, and is a symbol of renewal, the use of rain in the Arab poetry, in this way is considered among daring usages because it recaptures the historical symbols. And it’s used to express something about the Arab situations in this age. Finally, the new meaning dedicates new implicature of rain that is connected to the truth and reality when the poet loses this reality and seeks salvation.

Punishment In International Relief Agency Schools At Jordan As Teachers And Students See It., Dr. Muhammad Mustafa Abu Alia

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

The purpose of this study is to know the viewpoints of teachers and pupils in UNRWA schools in Jordan towards punishment. A specially designed questionnaire was given to (862) pupils and (315) teachers from a random sample taken from five areas in Jordan. The Questionnaire consists of (34) items covering the following five domains: causes, aims, kinds, consequences of punishment as well as alternative and attitudes to punishment. The data obtained from the questionnaire were subjected to x2 (chi square) for the purpose to determining significant differences – in the above domains- between the teachers and pupils. The present study …

Critical Vision Of Novel By Abed Al- Mohsen Bader, Dr.Yousef Abu Al-Odoss

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This paper investigates Abdul-Muhsin Bades methodology in study and criticism of the novel. The paper concentrates on the following points: 1-The conditions necessary for the writer’s vision. 2- Abdul-Muhsins view of the Idealism, romanticism and Aestheticism. 3-The character and its role in writing the novel. 4- Importance of time and place in the structure of the novel. 5-language and style of the novel. 6-Some general comments.

Vowels Between Theoretical Standards And Pronunciation Characteristics, Dr. Samir Stitiah

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This research aim at classifying the theoretical and practical principles of vowels. Some of these principles are related to the acoustic features. The acoustic features can be observed in sonority and friction. The contextual criteria are observed in the phonological usages and practical linguistic level. However, the practical criteria can be easily observed in the articulatory features such as narrowing and the obstruction of the air- system. Cardinal vowels represent the duality of vowels, they represent the theoretical and practical aspects of vowels. Cardinal vowels are divided into: primary, secondary, and additional vowels. All cardinal vowels are defined according to …