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Articles 1231 - 1260 of 2327

Full-Text Articles in Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies

Gender Mainstreaming And Gender Policies In Contemporary Taiwan, Doris T. Chang Aug 2018

Gender Mainstreaming And Gender Policies In Contemporary Taiwan, Doris T. Chang

Journal of International Women's Studies

In 1995, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (hereafter referred to as the Platform for Action) promulgated during the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women called for the use of gender mainstreaming as a strategy in policy formulations for pursuing the goals of gender equality. Feminist leaders of NGOs who joined the Taiwanese government in the mid-1990s were strategically positioned to contribute to policy formulations that would integrate gender-mainstreaming perspectives into policies and institutions in the Taiwanese government. Among the various approaches to gender-mainstreaming, taking positive actions to set pro-women policy agendas have been the predominant approach deployed …

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Family-Work Conflict And Performance Of Women-Owned Enterprises: The Role Of Social Capital In Developing Countries--Implications For South Africa And Beyond, Ngek Brownhilder Neneh Aug 2018

Family-Work Conflict And Performance Of Women-Owned Enterprises: The Role Of Social Capital In Developing Countries--Implications For South Africa And Beyond, Ngek Brownhilder Neneh

Journal of International Women's Studies

One critical issue that is highly overlooked in developing regions is the family embeddedness of women entrepreneurs, even though the women in developing countries simultaneously hold several roles in the family and their businesses. As such, this study focused on evaluating the impact of family-work conflict (FWC) on the performance of women-owned businesses in a developing world context. The findings indicate that FWC negatively influenced the performance of women-owned businesses. Additionally, the moderating effect of social capital in this association was examined. The findings suggest that both bonding social capital and bridging social capital buffers the negative effect of FWC …

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Using A Model Of Economic Solvency To Understand The Connection Between Economic Factors And Intimate Partner Violence, Heidi Gilroy, Judith Mcfarlane, Nina Fredland, Sandra Cesario, Angeles Nava, John Maddoux Aug 2018

Using A Model Of Economic Solvency To Understand The Connection Between Economic Factors And Intimate Partner Violence, Heidi Gilroy, Judith Mcfarlane, Nina Fredland, Sandra Cesario, Angeles Nava, John Maddoux

Journal of International Women's Studies

Poverty is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV); however, little is known about the economic state at which women are no longer at risk for IPV due to their economic status, which is economic solvency. A Model of Economic Solvency in women has been developed from the literature that includes four factors: human capital, social capital, sustainable employment, and independence. The purpose of this research is to validate the model in a sample of women reporting IPV. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the model using data from 280 abused women. Examination of the model yielded …

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How Children Of Lgbq Parents Negotiate Courtesy Stigma Over The Life Course, Rebecca Dibennardo, Abigail Saguy Aug 2018

How Children Of Lgbq Parents Negotiate Courtesy Stigma Over The Life Course, Rebecca Dibennardo, Abigail Saguy

Journal of International Women's Studies

Drawing on in-depth interviews with 28 U.S. adults who have at least one lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer (LGBQ) parent, we examine how this group negotiates the courtesy stigma of a parent’s sexual identity over the life course. Respondents reported less control over revealing courtesy stigma during childhood, when they were closely linked to their parents, but increased ability to conceal parents’ sexual orientation as they aged. During childhood and adolescence, parents’ gender presentation and choice of partner(s) impacted the visibility and degree of courtesy stigma, as did their peer networks and social environments. As adults, respondents continued to face …

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Exploring Women’S Perspectives Of Family Planning: A Qualitative Study From Rural Papua New Guinea, Sari Andajani-Sutjahjo, Zuabe Manguruc Tinning, John F. Smith Aug 2018

Exploring Women’S Perspectives Of Family Planning: A Qualitative Study From Rural Papua New Guinea, Sari Andajani-Sutjahjo, Zuabe Manguruc Tinning, John F. Smith

Journal of International Women's Studies

Papua New Guinea has one of the highest fertility rates and lowest usage rates of modern contraceptives in the Pacific, especially in rural areas. Provision of modern family planning services in rural indigenous communities is challenged by geographic distance, organizational logistics, sparse human service resourcing issues, and lack of integration and understanding of the diversity of PNG’s indigenous knowledge and practices around reproductive health. Face-to-face interviews followed by two focus group discussions were held with 14 purposively sampled indigenous women and two community volunteers, aiming to explore their experiences of what were termed “modern family planning practices” and the perceived …

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Speaking And Silence As Means Of Resistance In Alifa Rifaat's Distant View Of A Minaret And Bahiyya's Eyes, Sumaya M. Alhaj Mohammad Aug 2018

Speaking And Silence As Means Of Resistance In Alifa Rifaat's Distant View Of A Minaret And Bahiyya's Eyes, Sumaya M. Alhaj Mohammad

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study aims at investigating the dilemma of creating a counter discourse that speaks against the dominant androcentric one in Alifa Rifaat’s fiction. The study explores the characterization of the protagonists of two short stories: “Distant View of a Minaret” and “Bahiyya’s Eyes,” culled from Rifaat’s collection Distant View of a Minaret and Other Short Stories (1983). These stories present two different paradigms of resistance that the female protagonists use, which are speaking and silence. The study argues that both speaking and silence are attempts to heal women’s cyclic trauma, as they are means of representing women’s experience and oppression …

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Similarities And Contrasts Of The Culture Of Women’S “Otherness” In English And Persian Languages: Analysis Of Bhutto's Daughter Of The East, Mahboubeh Hosseini Daragheh, Vida Rahiminezhad Aug 2018

Similarities And Contrasts Of The Culture Of Women’S “Otherness” In English And Persian Languages: Analysis Of Bhutto's Daughter Of The East, Mahboubeh Hosseini Daragheh, Vida Rahiminezhad

Journal of International Women's Studies

Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex portrayed how the concepts of Self and Other are being shaped, created or reinforced in a text. The concept of Otherness is portrayed conspicuously in Benazir Bhutto’s autobiography entitled Daughter of the East. Benazir Bhutto was the first democratically elected female leader of Pakistan and she was assassinated in December 2007. Bhutto talked about her personal life, strength and her political activity in the twentieth century. Alireza Ayari translated this autobiography into Persian in 2009. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of women’s Otherness in Daughter of the East …

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El Saadawi Does Not Orientalize The Other In Woman At Point Zero, Luma Balaa Aug 2018

El Saadawi Does Not Orientalize The Other In Woman At Point Zero, Luma Balaa

Journal of International Women's Studies

El Saadawi’s work in translation has been widely read in the West. On the one hand, she has been criticized for writing for the West, and many Arab critics argue that El Saadawi is famous in the West not because she “champions women’s rights, but because she tells western readers what they want to hear” (Amireh, 1996). In addition, when Woman at Point Zero is taught in the Western classroom, some students, reviewers, and critics tend at times to read the novel as a window “onto a timeless Islam instead of as [a] literary [work] governed by certain conventions and …

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Vulnerabilities Of Women Workers In The Readymade Garment Sector Of Bangladesh: A Case Study Of Rana Plaza, Humayun Kabir, Myfanwy Maple, Syadani Riyad Fatema Aug 2018

Vulnerabilities Of Women Workers In The Readymade Garment Sector Of Bangladesh: A Case Study Of Rana Plaza, Humayun Kabir, Myfanwy Maple, Syadani Riyad Fatema

Journal of International Women's Studies

The Bangladeshi readymade garment (RMG) sector is an important feature of the country’s economic development, as it is the highest contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh. This industry initiated a revolution in the employment sector particularly through involving women in the workplace, in a culture where employment of women remains rare. While offering new opportunities to women, this sector has failed to ensure a secure and safe working environment for female employees. Consequently, women workers are vulnerable to multiple hazards, frequent disasters, and adverse occupational health outcomes. These vulnerabilities have become a prime concern for national and international …

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Intersectionality And An Intra-Household Analysis Of The Freedom To Make Decisions On The Use Of Household Products: Evidence From Rural Tanzania, Christina Mwivei Shitima Aug 2018

Intersectionality And An Intra-Household Analysis Of The Freedom To Make Decisions On The Use Of Household Products: Evidence From Rural Tanzania, Christina Mwivei Shitima

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study uses intra-household and intersectionality theories to analyze the relative benefit that household member’s gain from the use of goods produced by households living along the Simiyu River in Tanzania’s Meatu District. The ability to benefit from the use of goods produced by a household is defined as the freedom that a person has concerning decision-making about the goods that are produced within the household. Data were collected from different household members, including household heads, spouses and children who were 18 years and older and who were involved in the production of goods. The study findings highlight that the …

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Biblical Moral Inquest Into Tradition Of Suspicion Of Treachery On African Women Upon Husband’S Death, Magezi Elijah Baloyi Aug 2018

Biblical Moral Inquest Into Tradition Of Suspicion Of Treachery On African Women Upon Husband’S Death, Magezi Elijah Baloyi

Journal of International Women's Studies

The 16 days which South Africa dedicates to the fight against the abuse of women and children every December is a reminder of the effects of gender inequalities in this country. Even though this suspicion is inferred to other family members like parents, brothers or other relatives, this study confines itself to the suspicion towards wives when their husbands have died. This has resulted in widows being targeted in many African communities. Harmful traditional practices are part of the plights that widows are compelled to undergo if ‘suspected’ to prove their innocence. It is therefore the intention of this article …

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Undoing The ‘Madwoman’: A Minor History Of Uselessness, Dementia And Indenture In Colonial Fiji, Margaret Mishra Aug 2018

Undoing The ‘Madwoman’: A Minor History Of Uselessness, Dementia And Indenture In Colonial Fiji, Margaret Mishra

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article sets out to undo colonial constructions of the ‘madwoman’ in Fiji during the indenture period. It will critique how lunacy, or more specifically the condition of dementia, was sometimes presented as the colonial response to ‘uselessness’ in the sugarcane plantations. When archival fragments relating to an indentured woman named Dhurma, are retrieved and situated within a historical context they demonstrate how unproductivity was perceived as a signifier of an ‘unsound mind’ because it conflicted with the utilitarian logic of universal and individual economic advancement espoused by the British colonial administration. The article will also present brief accounts of …

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The War On Terror Is A War On Women: The Impact Of Terrorism And Counter-Terrorism On Women's Education In Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwah (Pakistan), Shabana Shamaas Gul Khattak Aug 2018

The War On Terror Is A War On Women: The Impact Of Terrorism And Counter-Terrorism On Women's Education In Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwah (Pakistan), Shabana Shamaas Gul Khattak

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article was derived from the author’s Postdoctoral Study, ‘The War on Terror is a War on Women in Swat Valley: Women’s Education under Terror and Displacement (2006-2011). Women’s education was affected the most during periods of terrorism in Swat Valley. The main targets of the militants were women’s educational institutes. The situation further worsened when the state government launched military operations in the name of the war on terror (counter-terrorism), which forced a huge number of local inhabitants to leave the valley and utterly blocked their educational accessibility for a long time. This study addresses how those women …

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Defying Marginalization: Emergence Of Women’S Organizations And The Resistance Movement In Pakistan: A Historical Overview, Rahat Imran, Imran Munir Aug 2018

Defying Marginalization: Emergence Of Women’S Organizations And The Resistance Movement In Pakistan: A Historical Overview, Rahat Imran, Imran Munir

Journal of International Women's Studies

In the wake of Pakistani dictator General-Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization process (1977-1988), the country experienced an unprecedented tilt towards religious fundamentalism. This initiated judicial transformations that brought in rigid Islamic Sharia laws that impacted women’s freedoms and participation in the public sphere, and gender-specific curbs and policies on the pretext of implementing a religious identity. This suffocating environment that eroded women’s rights in particular through a recourse to politicization of religion also saw the emergence of equally strong resistance, particularly by women who, for the first time in Pakistan’s history, grouped and mobilized an organized activist women’s movement to challenge Zia’s oppressive …

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Apology Or No Apology: Indigenous Models Of Subjection And Emancipation In Pakistani Women’S Fiction, Aroosa Kanwal Aug 2018

Apology Or No Apology: Indigenous Models Of Subjection And Emancipation In Pakistani Women’S Fiction, Aroosa Kanwal

Journal of International Women's Studies

This survey paper focuses on Pakistani Anglophone literary narratives that examine the multiple identities of victimized women as opposed to the commonly endorsed essentialist and reductive argument that is too easily conscripted into post-9/11 global discourses surrounding women of colour. In the context of the global hegemony of Western scholarship, my purpose in this paper is to foreground the simultaneous liberation and subjection, centricity and marginality, of Pakistani women. I argue that it is important to situate third world women’s subjection as well as agency in relation to the class, regional, ethnic and religious diversities that inform the degree and …

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Gendered Portrayals Of Domestic Work In Indian Television, Ruby Jain, Surbhi Pareek Aug 2018

Gendered Portrayals Of Domestic Work In Indian Television, Ruby Jain, Surbhi Pareek

Journal of International Women's Studies

Despite the entry of women into the labour force in India, women still participate in paid employment at a low rate; the rate even fell recently from 31% to 24% (ILO, 2013). This represents an alarming need for change in gender roles. The present article focuses on how electronic media content portrays men’s and women’s roles in performing housework. In a study of 30 TV serials that aired from 1990-2016 and 14 old and new TV advertisements, the findings show that mostly women are depicted doing domestic work. Media demonstrates gender disparities between men and women in performing domestic work, …

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Corporate Social Responsibility And Gender Commitments Of Commercial Banks In Bangladesh, Musammet Ismat Ara Begum Aug 2018

Corporate Social Responsibility And Gender Commitments Of Commercial Banks In Bangladesh, Musammet Ismat Ara Begum

Journal of International Women's Studies

The growing field of Corporate Social Responsibility includes gender equality issues as a corporate commitment to society as well as the organization. It emphasizes equal opportunities for males and females in every sphere of organizational practice. However, the practices are most relevant to economic gains and political and regulatory purposes instead of demands for society, ethics and human rights. This research paper finds that the commercial banks of Bangladesh practice their gender commitments within a Corporate Social Responsibility framework and concentrate more on economic and political gains than mainstream gender practices from an ethical point of view. Incorporating gender issues …

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Australian Women’S Anti-Nuclear Leadership: The Framing Of Peace And Social Change, Yulia Maleta Aug 2018

Australian Women’S Anti-Nuclear Leadership: The Framing Of Peace And Social Change, Yulia Maleta

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article addresses a gap on hegemonic masculinity/emphasized femininity and essentialism/constructivism within the Environmental New Social Movement (eNSM). Utilizing my interviews with Australian women members of environmentalist New Social Movement Organisations (eNSMOs), including eNGOs, academic institutions and the Greens party, I adopt a constructivist approach towards emphasized femininity, arguing that women-led strategies, strengthened through agentic competence contributes to global peace, whilst challenging the patriarchal control of environmental governance (Cockburn 1988, 2012). My feminist sociopolitical model is framed by resistance to ruling class masculinity, emphasizing participants’ gender performativity, advocating anti-nuclear agendas (Warren 1999, Gaard 2001, Butler 2013). Constructivism is relayed by …

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'Playing It Right?’: Gendered Performances Of Professional Respectability And ‘Authenticity’ In Greek Academia, Maria Tsouroufli Aug 2018

'Playing It Right?’: Gendered Performances Of Professional Respectability And ‘Authenticity’ In Greek Academia, Maria Tsouroufli

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper draws on the career narrative interviews with 15 female academics to unravel the performative politics of gender in Greek Medical Schools. I explore the gender positioning and embodied performances of Greek women as they relate to the contingencies of participation, recognition, and esteem in academic medicine and framed within the wider gendered discourses and structures of the increasingly neo-liberal Greek academia and society. Drawing on Butler’s notion of performativity, I illustrate the possibilities of making the successful Greek female academic subject through subjection to normative, gendered discourses of respectability, encompassing integrity, respectable aesthetics, and affective work and scripted …

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Building Resilient Societies: The Relevance Of Unscr 1325 In Egypt’S Political Transition, Salma Nasser Aug 2018

Building Resilient Societies: The Relevance Of Unscr 1325 In Egypt’S Political Transition, Salma Nasser

Journal of International Women's Studies

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 and 1820 and the more recent 1888, 1889, 1960, 2106, 2122 and 2242 reflect a rights-based approach to human security with a focus on the prevention of violence against women and girls and fostering their active and meaningful participation in public life in conflict and post conflict contexts. This is a particularly important framework in the African context where, over the past 5 years alone, conflict has plagued over 18 countries and has had devastating socio-economic impacts on women and led to the weakening of justice systems and social norms, which at the best …

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Fighting Prejudice: Campaigns On Gender Violence In Spain, Isabel Cepeda Aug 2018

Fighting Prejudice: Campaigns On Gender Violence In Spain, Isabel Cepeda

Journal of International Women's Studies

As in almost every country, Spanish society tends to trivialize cases of violence against women. There is little chance that this violence is perceived as a problem, not only by men, but also by women themselves. Some women have come to accept domestic violence as normal and internalized their oppression to the extent that they expect this as a pattern of acceptable, normative behavior imposed by society. Some social norms and institutions can ensure the perpetuation of violence against women since they are rooted in the culture and traditions that legitimize it. Awareness campaigns that address violence against women serve …

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Ecofeminist Therapy: From Theory To Practice, Alyson Pompeo-Fargnoli Aug 2018

Ecofeminist Therapy: From Theory To Practice, Alyson Pompeo-Fargnoli

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article establishes a basis for an ecofeminist approach to counseling and therapy by reviewing the roots, theoretical foundations, related conceptual frameworks, and context of ecofeminism. It suggests a rationale and guidelines for adopting an ecofeminist perspective in the helping professions, and describes how it can be applied in various settings with diverse client populations.

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Initiation Of Sexual Behaviour And Early Childbearing: Poverty And The Gendered Nature Of Responsibility Amongst Young People In South Africa, Monde Makiwane, Ntombizonke A. Gumede, Lien Molobela May 2018

Initiation Of Sexual Behaviour And Early Childbearing: Poverty And The Gendered Nature Of Responsibility Amongst Young People In South Africa, Monde Makiwane, Ntombizonke A. Gumede, Lien Molobela

Journal of International Women's Studies

Childbearing is an important life course event and a decision to give birth has significant implication in contemporary society, especially if it occurs before the completion of schooling and predating the start of being gainfully employed. Globally, teenage pregnancy is more common among young people who have been disadvantaged in childhood and have low expectations of education or opportunities in the job market. Literature shows that youth living in poverty have higher teen pregnancy rate than the average population. Socio-economic circumstances seem to play a major role in the rates of teen pregnancy. Poor access to contraception and inconsistent or …

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A Theoretical Perspective On Women And Poverty In Botswana, Gwen N. Lesetedi May 2018

A Theoretical Perspective On Women And Poverty In Botswana, Gwen N. Lesetedi

Journal of International Women's Studies

Botswana has made remarkable progress in terms of economic and social development. The position of the government is that policies and programmes should benefit all citizens equally. More specifically, the government of Botswana has recognised women’s role in economic development and efforts have been made to integrate gender in the development process. Access to economic opportunities for everyone to development is an overall goal clearly stated in the various national development plans, policies and programmes. Gender plays a major role in the formulation and implementation of these intervention strategies. For instance, the National Gender Programme Framework implemented and monitored by …

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Defying The Odds, Not The Abuse: South African Women’S Agency And Rotating Saving Schemes, 1994-2017, Mark Nyandoro May 2018

Defying The Odds, Not The Abuse: South African Women’S Agency And Rotating Saving Schemes, 1994-2017, Mark Nyandoro

Journal of International Women's Studies

Employing a feminist lens that places emphasis on women’s agency South African feminists have challenged the dominant narrative of hapless women who need external saviours to climb out of poverty. In particular, black South African feminists have drawn attention to the appropriation and deployment of both indigenous and other concepts and practices by women to fight poverty. This article employs these perspectives to interpret the importance of rotating saving schemes in South Africa. It explores the debate about women’s economic, community-participation and entrepreneurship strategies with reference to the Stokvel and other rotating saving-schemes (e.g. mashonisa) to improve the status of …

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Women And Renewable Energy In A South African Community: Exploring Energy Poverty And Environmental Racism, Khayaat Fakier May 2018

Women And Renewable Energy In A South African Community: Exploring Energy Poverty And Environmental Racism, Khayaat Fakier

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper argues that the rights of women to be included in decisions about energy use and their experiences with energy use are ignored. Using an eco-feminist perspective this article explores how the rhetoric of ‘renewable energy for the poor’ which bypasses women’s voices and experience in domestic uses of renewable energy result in reverse outcomes of pro-environmental policy for the poor, as well as, for society in general. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 20 women in Lwandle, in South Africa, the article identifies three themes reflecting on how the women experience the installation of solar water heaters. The first …

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Women Entrepreneurship In Kwazulu-Natal: A Critical Review Of Government Intervention Policies And Programs, Obianuju E. Okeke-Uzodike, Ufo Okeke-Uzodike, Catherine Ndinda May 2018

Women Entrepreneurship In Kwazulu-Natal: A Critical Review Of Government Intervention Policies And Programs, Obianuju E. Okeke-Uzodike, Ufo Okeke-Uzodike, Catherine Ndinda

Journal of International Women's Studies

Entrepreneurship is considered one of the key drivers of economic development. It is widely recognized that female entrepreneurs in formal and informal sectors play crucial roles in building and sustaining economic growth and development. In South Africa, however, women’s participation in entrepreneurial activities remains on the periphery of formal government policy. This is despite formal pronouncements and recognition that women’s integration and role in the economy is vital for both the economic and socio-political development of the country. Indeed, the South African government has introduced various policies and programmes in line with the Sustainable Development Goal 5 – achieve gender …

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Gender Differences In Water Access And Household Welfare Among Smallholder Irrigators In Msinga Local Municipality, South Africa, Sithembile A. Sinyolo, Sikhulumile Sinyolo, Maxwell Mudhara, Catherine Ndinda May 2018

Gender Differences In Water Access And Household Welfare Among Smallholder Irrigators In Msinga Local Municipality, South Africa, Sithembile A. Sinyolo, Sikhulumile Sinyolo, Maxwell Mudhara, Catherine Ndinda

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study investigates the gender differences in water access and its welfare effects using a sample of 291 irrigators from two irrigation schemes in the Msinga Local Municipality, South Africa. The data were analysed using the Blinder Oaxaca (BO) decomposition method and the instrumental variable (IV) regression approach. The study findings highlight unequal access to irrigation water between male and female farmers, with women accessing irrigation water more frequently than women. The results also indicate a positive and significant effect of water access on incomes per capita, and that men had higher welfare than women. The results suggest that women …

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The ‘Stigma’ Of Paid Work: Capital, State, Patriarchy And Women Fish Workers In South India, P. Aswathy, K. Kalpana May 2018

The ‘Stigma’ Of Paid Work: Capital, State, Patriarchy And Women Fish Workers In South India, P. Aswathy, K. Kalpana

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper explores the changing dynamics of women’s labor in a Muslim fishing village in the South Indian state of Kerala in the back drop of two global processes viz., state-initiated capitalist modernization of the fisheries sector and state-sponsored livelihood promotion programs. It traces the shifting contexts in which Muslim fisherwomen, alternately, engaged in and disengaged from, paid work outside the household and shows how women experienced different kinds of paid work, as self-employed fish vendors and wage earners of employment guarantee schemes. Changes in women’s labor force participation were mediated by the social institutions of family and religion, community …

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Determinants Of Female’S Employment Outcomes In Vietnam, Ngo Quynh An, Yamada Kazuyo May 2018

Determinants Of Female’S Employment Outcomes In Vietnam, Ngo Quynh An, Yamada Kazuyo

Journal of International Women's Studies

In the context of reducing female labor demand and restructuring female work in integration, determinants of women's employment are studied using data of 2010 VHLSS with 11,085 women aged 15 and older who were working in the Vietnamese labor market. The economic and care needs, values and opportunities of women working are important. At the region-level, economic development and equality will give women opportunities for better work. Women's education and training clearly take a key position. The analysis shows the effect of education and training are strongest and positive for women with employment in the group of "Leaders, managers, and …

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