European Languages and Societies Commons^™

Kings And Tyrants: Leonardo Bruni's Translation Of Xenophon's "Hiero", Brian Maxson

ETSU Faculty Works

Leonardo Bruni published one of his most widely copied translations, Xenophon's pro-monarchical Hiero, shortly before he penned his more famous original works, his Dialogues and Panegyric to the City of Florence. Scholars have traditionally focused on the political ideas present in these original treatises; yet, despite the centrality of political ideas to the Hiero, its temporal proximity to these works, and its enormous popularity (the work exists in 200 fifteenth-century manuscripts), scholars have neglected to offer a full assessment of Bruni's translation in the context of these works. Bruni's translation of Xenophon's Hiero fit into a debate …

Burials In The Tomb Of The Swiss-American Society New Orleans, John Geiser Iii

Swiss American Historical Society Review

On July 3, 1871, an improved constitution was adopted and a burial ground in Greenwood Cemetery was purchased. The yellow fever epidemic of 1878 caused the entire plot of ground to be filled and compelled action on the building of a suitable vault, which was completed and consecrated with appropriate ceremonies on October 5, 1879.

The Swiss And The Nazis: How The Alpine Republic Survived In The Shadow Of The Third Reich, Stephen P. Halbrook

Swiss American Historical Society Review

While surrounded by the Axis powers in World War II, Switzerland remained democratic and, unlike most of Europe, never succumbed to the siren songs and threats of the Nazi goliath. This book tells the story with emphasis on two voices rarely heard. One voice is that of scores of Swiss who lived in those dark years, told through oral history. They mobilized to defend the country, labored on the farms, and helped refugees. The other voice is that of Nazi Intelligence, those who spied on the Swiss and planned subversion and invasion. Exhaustive documents from the German Military Archives reveals …

Whose Memory Is It After All?, Inger M. Olsen

The Bridge

The EU (European Union) constitution was issued May 2005 and its preamble states that the writers have "let themselves be inspired by Europe's cultural, religious and humanistic inheritance which is the foundation for the development of the universal values: the individual human being's inviolable and inalienable rights as well as freedom, equality and constitutional state"1 2 The preamble goes on to mention the painful experiences that Europe has undergone and the fact that Europe is once again united. The final note states that Europe "wishes to develop further the public life's democratic and open character and work for peace, justice …

The Danish Emigration Archives, Birgit Flemming Larsen

The Bridge

The Danish Emigration Archives was founded in 1932 as the DanAmerica Archives.

Max Henius, a native of Aalborg and an enterprising businessman in Chicago, was the immigrant behind the Archives. It might be seen as flexibility by Danish Americans and their descendants to place their own ethnic group's source materials at a distance to themselves. It did cause some discussions at that time.

The purpose of the Archives is to preserve the history of those Danes who left Denmark to settle in foreign countries. Through the years The Danish Emigration Archives has suffered under several changes due to World War …

The Archive And History: Reflection And Anticipation, Niel Johnson

The Bridge

Engraved on the front of the Truman Library in Independence, Missouri, is this statement: This Library will belong to the people of the United States. My papers will be the property of the people and be accessible to them. And this is as it should be. The papers of the President are among the most valuable sources of material for history. They ought to be preserved and they ought to be used.

The Christmas Tree And The Two Churches, Johannes V. Knudsen

The Bridge

Part of the Danish American heritage is the fact that there were, unfortunately, some believe, two separate Danish American Lutheran Church groups. Because of theological differences (and perhaps personality conflicts, as well) between these two groups, they remained separate entities from their complex beginnings in the latter half of the nineteenth century until mergers took place with a number of other ethnic Lutheran church groups in the early 1960s, culminating in the formation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America in 1988. The histories of and differences between the two synods, the American Evangelical Lutheran Church and the United Evangelical …

The Bridge Builders Of Luther Memorial, Wilber J. Williamson

The Bridge

The congregation of Luther Memorial Church in Des Moines, Iowa, celebrated its centennial anniversary in 1999, during which time there was a good deal of reflection concerning the historical roots and activities of the church during the preceding one hundred years. Much of the early history of the congregation was closely associated with Grand View College. During the first decades, the school provided worship facilities as well as the pastor services for the emerging congregation. With financial support from the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church, a building was erected in 1917, which has served as the home for the congregation since …

Introduction: Emigration From Vejle Amt

The Bridge

Picture postcard regions of Denmark like Vejle Amt, "with idyllic little towns, without any new factories and workshops, usually produced a great number of emigrants," according to the Danish historian of emigration, Kristian Hvidt. Vejle Amt was a verdant land of deep fjords, rolling wooded hills, and ancient villages, giving way to wide stretches of heath and bog in the west. It remained an idyllic, old-fashioned area throughout the period of emigration. People streamed to America because the population of Vejle Amt was growing but few new jobs were being created. They also left out of discontent over life in …

Jens Christian Jensen And Family: The Story Of An American Pioneer From Denmark And His Family, Lois Eagleton

The Bridge

Family stories, by their very nature, never stop being a work in progress. My mother had kept her family tree for many years, as had her mother before her. When I decided to update what they had done and bring it into the electronic age, I really had no idea what I was getting into. My mother had attempted to keep everything organized over the years. It was organized, sort of, here and there, in drawers, in boxes, on shelves, in closets, stacked on tables, you name it. She had kept everything! Thank goodness she did, for I have found …

Religion And Identity In Modern France: The Modernization Of The Protestant Community In Languedoc, 1815-1848, John B. Roney

History Faculty Publications

Book review by John B. Roney.

Deming, J.C. (1999). Religion and identity in modern France: The modernization of the Protestant community in Languedoc, 1815-1848. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

Marcus Lee Hansen's Approach To The History Of Scandinavian Immigration, J.R. Christianson

The Bridge

Marcus Lee Hansen (1892-1938) has been called "the first serious student of the history of American immigration," and he was a very good one, but that was long ago.2 His major scholarship appeared after his death at the age of forty-five in 1938. Few authors have written about American immigration with Marcus Lee Hansen's literary grace and historical brilliance, but huge amounts of ethnic and immigration history have been written since his day. Old history often goes stale and out of print. What about Marcus Lee Hansen? Is there anything in his view of immigration that still speaks to us …

Book Review: The New Switzerland Problems And Policies, Nicole Butz

Swiss American Historical Society Review

This volume, edited by Rolf Kieser and Kurt R. Spillmann, consists of twentyeight essays written by a group of Swiss scholars and officials. Originally intended as a new edition of the 1978 volume Modern Switzerland (edited by J. Murray Luck, Lukas F. Burckhardt, and Hans Haug), The New Switzerland nonetheless differs significantly in content and perspective from its earlier counterpart. As noted by the editors in the preface, the book does not attempt to provide its readers with a comprehensive account of Switzerland; rather, it seeks to inform a broad international audience through "a discussion of the present and future …

Switzerland And Burgundy In The Late Middle Ages, H. Dwight Page

Swiss American Historical Society Review

In the late Middle Ages Switzerland's principal rival was the Duchy of Burgundy. Although the medieval Kingdom of Burgundy has long since vanished, in the fifteenth century Burgundy was one of the most powerful states of Europe.2Its territories included present day Belgium, Holland, the French provinces of Flanders, Alsace, Lorraine, Franche-Comte, Savoy and Burgundy, as well as the three Swiss cantons of Geneva, the Vaud and the Valais. For nearly two millennia, these territories of the old Kingdom of Burgundy have been among the most progressive in Europe. The "loi gombette" of the ancient Burgundians was the most humane of …

Call For Papers

The Bridge

Marcus Lee Hansen Immigration Conference. The University of Copenhagen (Denmark), Institute for Economic History, announces a conference on immigration in August, 1992, recognizing the centennial of Hansen's birth.

Sylvia Pio, A Danish-American Livewire, Kristian Hvidt, J. R. Christianson, Editor And Translator

The Bridge

This is the story of an unusual Danish-American woman, Sylvia Pio, who was born 1876 in Copenhagen, grew up in Chicago, and died 1932 in Hellerup, a suburb of her native city.

Her childhood in Chicago had a complicated background. Sylvia was the daughter of a famous figure in Danish political history, Louis Pio, who founded the Danish Socialist Party in Copenhagen in 1871. After serving in the army during the Schleswig-Holstein war of 1864, he had entered the Copenhagen postal service, where he is said to have constructed the first red Danish mailbox of the type still in use.

Marcus Lee Hansen Returns To His Roots, John Robert Christianson

The Bridge

Marcus Lee Hansen (1892-1938) was the founder of modern immigration history. He established new frameworks in time and space for the study of the peopling of North America.

Enok Mortensen As Archivist, Thorvald Hansen

The Bridge

One cannot say with any degree of finality why Enok Mortensen became the historian and archivist of the Danish, later the American Evangelical Lutheran Church. This much, however, is obvious--he was interested in it. Only a genuine interest could have caused him to work diligently at it for a long period of time and to write the history of the church with which he had become intimately familiar. The records do not indicate that he received any monetary reward for his efforts, nor that he sought any. He hoped that others would share his interest and do whatever was in …

Reflections On Denmark As It Was, And Emigration To America, Arlow W. Andersen

The Bridge

In the late medieval and modern periods the histories of Denmark and Norway paralleled each other. During much of that interval the Union of Kalmar (1397-1523), which included also a dynastic tie with Sweden, practically insured common political, economic, and religious development. On the threshold of the modern age Sweden broke away from the Union (1523), but Norway was obliged to remain under Danish rule until 1814.

Niels Sorensen Lawdahl

The Bridge

The brief autobiography of Niels S0rensen Lawdahl is dated January, 1925, the day following his 61st birthday. It was written in the last days of his life, a little each day, as his health permitted after he became ill. He died March 4, 1925, in Des Moines, Iowa.

Iv. Maurice E. Perret's Les Colonies Tessinoises: A Summary View, H. F. Raup

Swiss American Historical Society Newsletter

Recently a major contribution to the field of knowledge of California's diverse population was published in Switzerland by Dr. Maurice-Edmond Perret, with the title Les Colonies Tessinoises en Californie.¹ Unlike most studies of a similar nature, Perret had access to source materials in the Swiss archives as well as to those in California libraries.² But he went further: he conducted his study by means of actual field investigation both in Switzerland and in California, and it is this which gives his work particular interest to historical geographers.

Iii. Swiss Industrialization: Its Social Dimensions, Jürg K. Siegenthaler

Swiss American Historical Society Newsletter

Under this heading I would like to bring together two different emphases in the study of industrialization that too often have remained separate: (a) the historical measurement of economic growth, undertaken by economic historians who have looked at industrial output and similar indicators in order to gauge a country's economic performance; and (b) the study of social policy measures such as workers' protection and social insurance, to which social and political historians have paid major attention in assessing a nation's reaction to the ups and downs of economic growth in the course of industrialization.

Review: Ronald G. Fick, Ed., 'San Francisco Is No More': The Letters Of Antoine Borel, Jr., 1905-1906. San Mateo, California: Wilmac Press, 1963, 32 Pp., Leo Schelbert

Swiss American Historical Society Newsletter

Although not a recent publication, this rare and little known work deserves to be featured. Some time ago the Arthur H. Clark Company offered Number 18 of the 200 printed copies for sale; the little book is beautifully crafted, signed by the printer J. Wilson McKenney, and reproduces on the front cover a letter in facsimile that was written by Borel on Tuesday, April 24, 1906, right after the devastating earthquake. The work contains a photograph of Antoine Borel, Jr. (1879-1958), an elevenpage, carefully annotated introduction, six letters of Borel to his parents who were at that time in Europe, …

Review: Giorgio Cheda, L'Emigrazione Ticinese In California. Locarno: Armando Dado Editore, 1981. 2 Vols., 880 Pp., Laurette Fiocchi

Swiss American Historical Society Newsletter

What were the social mechanisms of emigration to the United States? What made people leave or remain behind? What did they encounter en route and upon their arrival? What effects did their exodus and the money they were able to send back have at home? What was the fabric of traditional artisan and peasant life? What was the interplay between it and the far from homogeneous culture of the United States? What were the effects of the Ticino on California and vice versa? This collection of letters written by and to Italian-Swiss emigrants from the Ticino presents us with the …

Ii. Karl Herzog, The Historian As Activist: An Episode From The Time Of The Sonderbund, Sabine Jessner

Swiss American Historical Society Newsletter

The Swiss historian Karl Herzog was one of the innumerable middle-class intellectuals who exercised an influential role on European liberal politics in the first half of the nineteenth century. Many scholars have analyzed the participation of the bourgeoisie in political life, and they reach novel definitions concerning membership of this intellectual group within the middle class. Historians such as Robert R. Palmer, Alfred Cobban, L.C.B. Seaman and Lenore O'Boyle have devoted particular attention to this concern. For example, the British historian Seaman has cautioned his readers to substitute the expression "professional classes" or "liberal professions" wherever he encounters the word, …

Reminiscences From A Long Life, Ane Helena Paulsen

The Bridge

My maiden name was Ane Helene Nielsen and I was born in Yestergaard, Lendum Sogn close to Frederickshavn on January 22, 1866. My father's name was Ole Christian Nielsen, Kirkerod, Skaerum Sogn. He died early of tuberculosis. I can scarcely remember him. My mother's name was Mariane Jensen. She was the daughter of Jens Nielsen, Sondergaard, Lendum Sogn, and his wife Johanne Marie Larsdatter of Vang, S4,ndergaard, Tirslev Sogn.

The Partridge, Martin A. Hansen, Inga Wiehl, Translator

The Bridge

"Martin A. Hansen is considered one of the best and most influential Danish writers of the century. Despite his premature death in 1955 at the age of forty-six, he left a rich artistic legacy of novels, short stories, and travel descriptions as well as essays and books dealing with historical, cultural and philosophical themes.

'The Partridge' ('Agerhonen') is the title story of a collection of twelve short stories, all of which emphasize artistic expression as self-revelation. It is the means whereby the artist transforms the world and makes it new. The twelve stories are divided into three parts, childhood, adolescence …

Hands Across The Sea: Soren Qvist In Danish And American Literature, 1625-1947, Otto M. Sorensen

The Bridge

Anno 1632. Severinus Jani Qvist, pastor in Weilbye and Homme in Aarhus Bishopric, was innocently beheaded and his innocence afterwards established, and this transpired in such a way that the footprints of divine providence, as the precious stones of history, can clearly be perceived.

Book Review, Peter L. Petersen

The Bridge

Located in downtown San Antonio, the Institute of Texan Cultures is a publicly-financed research and information center focusing on the diverse cultural heritage of Texas. More than a million visitors annually crowd its large exhibition hall - originally built as a part of HemisFair '68 - to view on-going displays and presentations on more than two dozen national, cultural, and racial groups who have contributed to Texas history. In addition to the exhibits, the Institute has an extensive publication program. The Danish Texans is the nineteenth work in its ethnic series on The Texians and The Texans. Written by John …

"Heinrich Tonnies", Egon P. Bodtker

The Bridge

Heinrich Tonnies has been known to Danish archivists and photo-historians primarily for his topographical views of Aalborg. His pictures made Aalborg the second most photographed city in Denmark in the 19th century. Alexander Alland has ensured Tonnies a place among recorders of social history by the exhibit in Aalborg he arranged in 1975. For this redirection of our attention we in D.A.H.S. and others are indeed thankful.