European Languages and Societies Commons^™

Approaching Contemporary Terrorism, Jonathan Marcus

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This paper aims to analyze how governments of the modern era can better engage with contemporary terrorist organizations. It argues that nations and governments must alter their strategy on terrorism in light of its increasing prevalence and lethality in the modern era. Proclamations of non-negotiation, made with false perceptions that terrorists are simply irrational radical actors, are no longer viable if governments truly seek to reduce terrorist violence. In fact, it’s the ambiguity of terrorism and the major differentiation in the practices of various organizations which necessitate a more flexible strategy. Simply, the one-size-fits all solution of unequivocal no-negotiation is …

Coming And Going: Identity, Institutions, And The United Kingdom's Resistance To The European Union, Lauren Bruning

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

In 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union, a decision widely known as ‘Brexit’. This analysis compares two competing theories – institution and identity – to explain why. Four historical events, chronologically ordered from 1945 to 2016, are examined with both identity and institution analysis to explain British integration and its subsequent withdrawal from the European Union. Through this analysis, one can conclude the United Kingdom’s decision to withdraw in 2016 stemmed from a variety of reasons, but each of these can be explained by identity (a sense of nationalism), or institution (EU relationships).

Nationalism around …

Six Word Stories Through Spain And Morocco, Pola Isabelle Bonete, Astrid Gaytan, Jessica Cannon

Student Engagement Posters

Pola Isabelle Bonete, Astrid Gaytan, and Jessica Cannon discuss student engagement at Linfield College with regard to intercultural competence and cultural sensitivity gained through their January Term 2019 course in Spain and Morocco.

Contributors

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Full Issue

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Front Matter

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An Everyday Story, Thomasine Gyllembourg, Troy Wellington Smith

The Bridge

Translator’s Note: For most readers outside of Denmark, the Danish Golden Age begins and ends with Hans Christian Andersen and Søren Kierkegaard. At the time, however, both Andersen and Kierkegaard were outsiders in respect to the dominant cultural circle, that of the actress Johanne Luise Heiberg, her husband Johan Ludvig Heiberg, and his mother Thomasine Gyllembourg. Gyllembourg, along with Steen Steensen Blicher and Bernhard Severin Ingemann, is credited with giving Denmark its first canonical prose fiction. Despite her importance to Danish Golden Age literature and the history of European women’s literature, Gyllembourg is virtually unknown outside of Denmark, except among …

Trying To Disappear: One Translator Among Many Authors, Michael Favala Goldman

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A literary translator ought, as much as possible, take on the voice of the author, or the author’s characters, in much the same way an actor takes on a role in a play. The goal is that the reader forget that the words they are reading have been translated at all. The new work needs to stand on its own as a legitimate work of literature, hopefully bearing successfully the unspoken attitudes and inferences of the original author, but in the new language. The artifice involved ought to be invisible.

Front Cover

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Contents

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Eve! Eve! Eve Serves Her Term As A Child A Two-Act Comedy, Kjeld Abell, Kristi Planck Johnson

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Translator’s Note: I was asked to translate Kjeld Abell’s play EVE! EVE! by my Danish language professor Norman Bansen at Dana College years ago. Given Abell’s unique style and subject matter, the translating process has not been without challenges, but it has also been a delight. I particularly enjoy the comical text of the play and the subject matter that, to my knowledge, has never been explored. Who knows anything about Eve’s childhood? What about the romantic side of Adam and Eve’s relationship, their family life, or their presence on the wall of a museum? Comedy, especially, takes on not …

Intergenerational Caregiver Loss And Successful Aging Opportunity Disruption Of Bulgarian Elderly, Daniel Georg Habermann

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Identified by European research as an aging crisis, vulnerabilities in the rural Bulgarian elderly population such as intergenerational caregiver loss, are sociohistorical consequences and barriers to successful aging. This transcultural study investigated the aging crisis in rural Bulgaria to create a contextual definition of successful aging and to address successful aging and the identification of challenges and barriers faced by social workers and elders to support successful aging. Guided by continuity theory in aging and contextualized by overarching ecological systems theory, the research questions examined Bulgarian social workers' perceptions and expectations of successful aging and barriers to it. A collaborative …

Translation: Active Decision-Making In Any Language, Mark Mussari

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“Do translators try to produce exact copies of famous novels?” Someone asked that question in an Ask Marilyn column that appeared in the Sunday Parade Magazine.1 “No,” replied Marilyn Vos Savant. “If they did, the result would be only an awkward impression of the real thing, given the differences in grammar, syntax, etc.”

Julie K. Allen. Danish But Not Lutheran: The Impact Of Mormonism On Danish Cultural Identity, 1850-1920, J. R. Christianson

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In Denmark and America, fear of immigrants seems to feed the ferocity of what Julie K. Allen calls “today’s struggles over national belonging and cultural identity” (246). Maybe by looking to a past era, when thousands of Danes converted to the Mormon religion and emigrated to Utah, it can help us understand the struggles we face today.

Voices From The Modern Breakthrough. Danish Writing 1870-1930. Volume 1: Male Voices And Volume 2: Women’S Voices. Ed. And Trans. David Young, Poul Houe

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In 2017, the small and little-known Freyja Press in Odense (www. freyjapress.dk) issued two volumes of Danish short stories from 1870- 1930 in English translation, all “available for free download in three formats: EPUB, Kindle, PDF” (and with an additional PDF file “for those people interested in the original Danish text” freely accessible as well). Editor and translator David Young writes in forewords to both volumes about his background as an English expat, who came to Denmark in 2002 and soon enrolled in “two History of Literature short courses run by Folkeuniversitetet” in Odense, where he now lives and practices …

Like A Jar Of Flies? A Study Of Self-Control In An Organizational Social Dilemma With Large Stakes, Matthew W. Mccarter, Jonathan R. Clark, Darcy Fudge Kamal, Abel Winn

Business Faculty Articles and Research

We study the practice of self-control in an organizational social dilemma when the stakes are large, using 47 years of vital census data from 18^th century Sweden. From 1750 to 1800, eighty percent of Sweden lived in a simple-structure organization called a bytvång or village commons. The amount of resources a village family received was a function of their size. During this period, crop failures left the population facing starvation. Using autoregressive time-series modeling, we test whether the people of Sweden continued to take steps toward increasing the stress on the commons by marrying and birthing children or practiced …

A Life Absolutely Bare? A Reflection On Resistance By Irregular Refugees Against Fingerprinting As State Biopolitical Control In The European Union, Ziang Zhou

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

In a legally transitory category, irregular refugees- experience a double precariousness. They risk their lives to travel across treacherous seas to Europe for a better life. However, upon the long-awaited embarkation on the European land, they are exposed once again to the precariousness of the asylum application. They are “powerless”, “with no rights” and “to be sacrificed” as Giorgio Agamben and Hannah Arendt suggested in their respective understanding of a “bare life”, la nuda vita. In light of the administrative difficulties in managing asylum application, the European Union introduced the “Dublin Agreement”, which stipulates mandatory biometric data collection for …

Forgive, Forget Or Feign: Everyday Diplomacy In Local Communities Of Polish Subcarpathia, Iuliia Buyskykh

Journal of Global Catholicism

The paper is based on my ethnographic fieldwork in Przemyśl, Poland and several surrounding villages in 2015-2017. While conducting my research on a set of religious practices and pilgrimages in confessionally and ethnically mixed localities, I faced many challenges that changed the main course of my initial research plan. During my interaction with people here themes came to light that seemed little related to religiousness. My status as a researcher from Ukraine and even more so, my being a young single woman from Ukraine, gave rise to a number of other topics that my interlocutors, both of Polish and Ukrainian …

Natura Sanat: On Ecological Aspects Of Healing Miracles In Kalwaria Pacławska, Poland, Kamila Baraniecka-Olszewska

Journal of Global Catholicism

The subject-matter of my article is a change affecting the discourse on miraculous healings in a Catholic Marian sanctuary – Kalwaria Pacławska – run by Franciscan friars in the South-Eastern Poland and a way in which those changes affect pilgrims’ bodies. In Kalwaria Pacławska there meet, intersect and compete various religious and secular discourses and they all influence emotions and bodily sensations accompanying pilgrimage to this sacred site. One of those discourses has been introduced to Kalwaria just recently. The central element of the sanctuary is the miraculous image of Virgin Mary which is the goal of numerous pilgrimages from …

Authors' Introduction, Kamila Baraniecka-Olszewska, Magdalena Lubanska

Journal of Global Catholicism

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The Presbyterian Enlightenment: The Confluence Of Evangelical And Enlightenment Thought In British America, Brandon S. Durbin

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Eighteenth-Century British American Presbyterian ministers incorporated covenantal theology, ideas from the Scottish Enlightenment, and resistance theory in their sermons. The sermons of Presbyterian ministers strongly indicate the intermixing of enlightenment and evangelical ideas. Congregants heard and read these sermons, spreading these ideas to the average colonist. This combination helps explain why American Presbyterians were so apt to resist British rule during the American Revolution. Protestant covenantal theology, derived from Protestant reformers like John Calvin and John Knox, emphasized virtue and duty. This covenant affected both the people and their rulers. When rulers failed to uphold their covenant with God, the …

“The Important Fact Is That I Always Felt Danish”: Preserving Ethnic Memory In Virginia Sorensen’S Mormon Novels, Sarah C. Reed

The Bridge

American author Virginia Sorensen (1912–91) grew up a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Manti, Utah, in Sanpete Valley, a place known as “Little Denmark” because it was a major center for the Danish immigrant community in Utah. In 1956 she described her hometown like this: even now if you go to see the fine white Mormon Temple that dominates the landscape night and day you will likely be shown about the grounds by somebody with a Danish name, perhaps even with a Danish accent. he will tell you about the famous spiral staircases in …

Grundtvig In America, Joy Ibsen

The Bridge

Who was Nicolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig? how can we describe this very complex person—as an educator, poet, politician, seer, bishop, theologian, philosopher, hymnwriter, or rebel? We can acknowledge the interesting facts beginning with the alignment of the dates of his life (1783–1872) with those of the Age of the Enlightenment, which might explain why he eventually came to deeply distrust rationalism as the definition of truth. he is known as the father of folk schools and even public education in Denmark. extremely prolific, he wrote or adapted fifteen hundred hymns. his multiplicity and depth as a hymnwriter, poet, and thinker, …

Sing Your Ethnicity Aloud! Grundtvigian Danes At The Intersection Of Denmark And America, Tina Langholm Larsen

The Bridge

Most people familiar with Danish American history have encountered a narrative about the allegedly quick and unproblematic assimilation of Danish immigrants in the US, as presented here on the website of the Museum of Danish America: “Danes assimilated quickly, aided by the fact that they were white, northern european, and Protestant. Furthermore, Danes are practical and believed that assimilating into American society promised greater rewards than hanging onto their Danish identity and traditional ways.”1 even though this master narrative does, to some extent, capture the larger trajectory of the Danish immigrant experience, it disregards those Danish immigrants who played a …

Language Usage In Non-Lutheran Danish Immigrant Religions, Robert Olsen

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The first worship services conducted in the Danish language on American soil were conducted among the men who traveled with Jens Munk from Denmark in 1619–20 in search of a passageway to the Orient. They traveled in two small ships called the Unicorn and the Lamprey. Little did they know that in their attempt to find the Northwest Passage to the Orient they would instead journey down the St. Lawrence Seaway and settle on the banks of hudson Bay. here they would spend the long, very harsh winter. Cold and disease ultimately claimed the lives of all of the men …

Preserving Nordic Heritage Churches: A New Project Highlights The Architecture, Decorative Arts, And Ethnic Traditions Of Sacred Places In The Upper Midwest, Laurie Kay Sommers

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engaging Artists and Communities to Preserve Nordic heritage Churches is a new initiative of Partners for Sacred Places (PSP, www. sacredplaces.org). Founded in 1989, PSP is the only national, nonsectarian, nonprofit organization focused on building the capacity of congregations of historic sacred places to better serve their communities as anchor institutions, nurturing transformation and shaping vibrant, creative communities. The Nordic heritage churches project represents the first broad inventory of Nordic American churches and seeks to raise the profile of Nordic cultural heritage in North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (a geographic area determined by the …

Intervention And Reinvention: Rethinking Airport Amenities, Jens Vange

The Bridge

Over the past eight years, I’ve had the rare opportunity to explore in excruciating detail one of the most mundane spaces that most of us have experienced: airport restrooms. My immigration experience influenced the outcome of this exploration. My father, erik Vange, immigrated to the US from Denmark during World War II and never moved back. My mom, Lissi, and my sister, Katrine, came over about ten years later. They settled in the Chicago area, and after a few years my parents decided to adopt a child from Denmark. Fortunately, that turned out to be me. I immigrated to the …

Danish Folk Life Influence In The Appalachian Region, Sune Frederiksen

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Physical education instructor Oscar Gunkler of Berea College was perhaps the first person from Kentucky to travel to Denmark to study the unique Danish folk school model. In 1924, he travelled to Ollerup Gymnastikhøjskole to better understand this educational phenomenon and find ways to implement it in the curriculum at Berea College, which was the first college in the south to integrate black and white students back in 1853. The slogan of Berea College, which was at one time very provocative, is “God has Made of One Blood All the Peoples of the earth.” The college was founded by the …

Appendix

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Back Cover

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