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Articles 91 - 120 of 1362
Full-Text Articles in East Asian Languages and Societies
"Asked Of Everyone As If A Duty": On Immanuel Kant's Question About The Idea Of A Common Sense, Chen Chen
"Asked Of Everyone As If A Duty": On Immanuel Kant's Question About The Idea Of A Common Sense, Chen Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Whence the feeling in the judgment of taste is asked of everyone as if a duty" is a question that Kant asked at the end of Section 40 of Critique of Judgment. The answer to this question is related to one's understanding of the relationship between two parts that are ostensibly irrelevant – Sections 31-40 and Sections 41-42 of "Deduction of Judgments of Taste". Although scholars raised numerous explanations to unite these two parts and to interpret the latter part, they have not reached an agreement due to the difficulty in understanding Kant's question. In order to solve this problem, …
Natural History And The "Scientific Discourse Community" Of The Three Zhou Brothers, Jianrong Liao
Natural History And The "Scientific Discourse Community" Of The Three Zhou Brothers, Jianrong Liao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
As the mainstream of modern science, natural history has developed from Foucauldian epistemological discourse to the important discourse of "scientific discourse community," which has become the basis of legitimacy for a new culture and new thought that promoted the New Culture Movement. As the scientific discourse of the three Zhou brothers, natural history influenced Lu Xun's (Zhou Shuren) "saving the nation through science" and "biological truth", Zhou Zuoren's "biological reference" and "naturalization of ethics", as well as Zhou Jianren's "national evolution" and related ideas of new culture. Zhou Brothers' scientific discourse of natural history witnessed the unremitting exploration of Chinese …
On Death And Hope In Lu Xun's "Upstairs In The Tavern", Hong Zhang
On Death And Hope In Lu Xun's "Upstairs In The Tavern", Hong Zhang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Lu Xun's short story "Upstairs in the Tavern" brings to a new phase the problematic of soul in the modern man, which is first addressed in his "New Year Sacrifice". Through the reunion between the narrator "I" and his old friend Lü Weifu in the tavern, the problematic of soul in modern intellectuals resurfaces. Lü, a modern rationalist, was exposed to two events of death, which shook the ground of his materialistic view of life, making him feel sinking and bored as love and hopes were shattered. This is also the fundamental theme of Lu Xun's works during the period …
On Liu Yin's Idea Of "Relaxing In The Study Of Cultural Arts" And Literary Thoughts, Wanli Yang
On Liu Yin's Idea Of "Relaxing In The Study Of Cultural Arts" And Literary Thoughts, Wanli Yang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Liu Yin (1249—1293), a Neo-Confucian scholar in the early Yuan dynasty, had achievements not only in the Neo Confucianism, but also in literature, calligraphy, painting, zither and chess. He proposed the concept that "arts are fundamental practices", and for the first time compared literature and arts to the "six arts" in the ancient times, enhancing the status of arts in Neo-Confucianism. In his practice of cultural arts, Liu connected the thought of "observing things" with the spirit of "acquiring knowledge through observations of things". Furthermore, he expressed a desire for secluded life in the artistic world, showing a relaxed attitude …
Shock And Immersion: The Complex Aesthetic Experience Of Chinese New Mainstream Film, Xiaofang Lu
Shock And Immersion: The Complex Aesthetic Experience Of Chinese New Mainstream Film, Xiaofang Lu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The new mainstream cinema in China, instead of providing a simple mixture or hybrid of artistic styles and genres, advocates that audiovisual spectacles created by film technologies should "break into" the established experience of audiences and their customary protective mechanism of consciousness so as to produce a psychological strike. Meanwhile, new mainstream cinema also creates an aesthetic experience, through which the audience are drawn deeply into the film thanks to their surrealistic sensory and emotional engagement. The surrealistic sensory experience brings "shock" to the audience, while emotional identification results in "immersion." Provided with such aesthetic effects, the new mainstream film, …
The Significance Of Concept Differentiation, Dakang Chen
The Significance Of Concept Differentiation, Dakang Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Concept is a fundamental element in literary studies, and concept differentiation may influence the content, methods and judgment of the studies. This article discusses three kinds of concept uses, which determine the research direction, value estimation and time connotation, and further expounds on the significance of concept differentiation.
The Establishment Of Modern Art Law Of "Do Whatever You Want" And The Reconstruction Of Pan-Art Category: Case Study Of The Ready-Made Works Of Marcel Duchamp, Weisheng Xiao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The ready-made works of Marcel Duchamp made it impossible to define art, which actually implied the possibility of "artistic freedom." This was the new artistic principle determined by the ready-made, a principle that has established the modern art law "do whatever you want." This law makes art a judicial "precedent" event. It only stipulates a form consistent with the universal, so its judgment is a reflective aesthetic judgment. By restoring the tradition of pan-art, Duchamp brought language art back into the category of fine art so that paintings once again served the human thought. This particular strategy of returning to …
Views On Yuefu Among Literati In The Song Dynasty And Volumes Of Yuefu In Their Collected Works: A Case Study Of Wen Tong's Yuefu Zayong, Haiyan Liang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Wen Tong's Yuefu Zayong from Collected Works of Danyuan demonstrated his art of yuefu with old titles. Using the old titles from yuefu poems of the Han, Wei, and Six dynasties, the poet paid special attention to guci (extant lyrics of yuefu before the Song dynasty), benshi (content of yuefu, namely, historical legends and folk tales) and historical situations that gave rise to tunes, which were all his sources of inspiration. Some of his works featured deliberately unpolished simplicity, following the poetic ideal promoted by such intellectual movement as fugu (return to the ancients), while some featured elaborate depiction and …
"Writers Should Learn Philology First": The Genesis Of A Common Sense In Literature, Feng Lin
"Writers Should Learn Philology First": The Genesis Of A Common Sense In Literature, Feng Lin
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Writer should learn philology first" was first presented by the Tang writer official Han Yu (768-824), and became an influential proposition of literature in the Qing dynasty. Qing textualists' effectively reinterpretation of it enabled the proposition to become a classic statement to demonstrate philology’s importance to literary creation, and the position gradually developed into a common sense recognized by various literary schools in the late Qing period and finally entered the literary history and textbooks during the Republican period. To describe the course of how the proposition emerged, disseminated and developed into a common sense will illuminate the understanding of …
Deleuze's Affect Theory And Becoming-Literature, Yue Ge
Deleuze's Affect Theory And Becoming-Literature, Yue Ge
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Despite the multi-disciplinary scholarly attention it has drawn, affect theory is subject to various contestations. An in-depth examination of Spinoza's and Deleuze's respective theory of affect reveals that Spinoza's concept of affect is a reflection upon the passive reactions of the body and mind, whereas Deleuze de-contextualizes the concept of affect so as to construct an approach to breaking down the power discipline and restoring the potentials of life. Deleuze opines that symbols are the primary vehicle for power transfer. From the perspective of "affect," he captures multiple effective ways of power disintegration in the field of literature, creatively proposes …
From Commitment To Uselessness: On Georges Bataille's Concept Of Literature, Tianshu Zhao
From Commitment To Uselessness: On Georges Bataille's Concept Of Literature, Tianshu Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
This article aims to analyze George Bataille's concept of literature by comparing it with Jean-Paul Sartre's opposite view of committed literature. Sartre considered commitment to the world as core of literature, requiring literature to serve society, convey meaning, and advance the progress of society and history. In response to Sartre's view, Bataille argued that literature is useless. He recognized literature as a sovereign activity of expenditure and argued that it should only present the unknown of the world, which sheds light on unemployed negativity as the core of literature. In this sense, Bataille's concept is a reflection on modernity. Literature, …
The Image Of Characters In Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction, Zidong Xu
The Image Of Characters In Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction, Zidong Xu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Scholars generally believe that the most important characters in modern Chinese literature are intellectuals and peasants, and their relationship is central to the literary theme of "reforming national character". However, in the late Qing Dynasty and contemporary fictions, officials become the third important image of characters. The complicated triangular relationship between intellectuals, peasants and officials in fictions is since formed. If the relationship between intellectuals and peasants can be summarized as "enlightenment and national salvation", the process of "mutual transformation" between intellectuals and officials in twentieth-century Chinese fictions and the historical evolution of the "contradictory and interdependent" relationship between peasants …
The Literati Identification Of Wang Shizhen And Its Significance, Xiang Xiong
The Literati Identification Of Wang Shizhen And Its Significance, Xiang Xiong
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Wang Shizhen (1526-1590) had a strong reaction to the stigmatic identification of literati. Wang's stance towards literati transformed gradually from a critique on "literati being impractical" to the lament for literati's fate as well as an appeal to sympathy for literati among his peers. . Faced with the claim that literati were not virtuous, he emphasized that literary talent should be the inherent measurement in identifying literati. This idea was distinctive from the view of Tang Shunzhi (1507-1560), and the theory of emotion. Wang Shizhen’s literati identification and consciousness of community were driven by the intertwining but also conflicting constellations …
The Modern Origin Of Animation And The Intermediality Of Animation Art, Xueqin Feng
The Modern Origin Of Animation And The Intermediality Of Animation Art, Xueqin Feng
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Giannaberto Bendazzi, an Italian historian of animation, believes that Emile Cohl and his Fantasmagorie are the origins of animation art. Bendazzi's view is problematic as he considered the origins of animation and film share the same genealogy, ignoring the significant differences on media basis. From the perspective of intermediality of art, Emile Reynaud's Luminous Pantomimes presents the media difference between animation and film, representing a heterogeneous origin of animation in the modern era. Analyses of this origin will provide an insight into the ontology of animation, which is a cross-media art.
Triple Dimensions Of The "Temporal Turn": Theories Of "Contemporaneity" In Western Contemporary Art And Their Problems, Lihui Dong
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In recent years, contemporaneity, a term with specific and changing connotations, has stirred up continuing debates in the West, as part of the attempt to theorize contemporary art. Although these theories have different ways of argument focusing on different aspects, discussions on contemporaneity are all based on the Latin word tempor, which means time, with an attempt to escape from the modern concept of time and to launch a contemporary "temporal turn". Among these theories, Giorgio Agamben, Boris Groys and Peter Osborne's arguments exemplify three typical approaches to explore the “temporal turn”, and they claim that contemporaneity lies in its …
Early Reading Theories Of Louis Althusser And The Misjudgment Of Surface Reading, Jianzeng Zhou
Early Reading Theories Of Louis Althusser And The Misjudgment Of Surface Reading, Jianzeng Zhou
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
There are three reading theories in Louis Althusser's early works: intuitive reading, expressive reading, and symptomatic reading. Intuitive reading puts emphasis on the intuitiveness of the mind towards given content, which tends to make the text transparent and shallow. The second is the theory of expressive reading, which stresses the revelation of a single meaning on the surface of the text through rational thinking, insisting on an exclusive and closed distinction between surface and depth. Symptomatic reading promotes a dialectical thinking that analyzes the dual content hidden beneath the textual surface in pursuit of an open adjoining distinction between surface …
Feminist Perspectives On Gender And The Sublime, Rong Chen
Feminist Perspectives On Gender And The Sublime, Rong Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The paper reinterprets the conceptual history of sublime theory from a feminist perspective. Besides exposing the deep imprint of patriarchal discourse in the classical version of the sublime, contemporary feminists make great efforts to remold the aesthetical category to incorporate the female experiences, subjectivity and ethics. Therefore, the concept of the sublime enjoys an expansion to include possibilities of transgressing borders, embracing emotion, upholding heterogeneity and advocating intersubjectivity. This is the new dynamic that feminism brings to the theoretical field of sublime aesthetics.
Ideas Of Photography Studies In France: Reflections On Three Contemporary Paradigms, Yichen Lu
Ideas Of Photography Studies In France: Reflections On Three Contemporary Paradigms, Yichen Lu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The ideas of photography, different from photography, are constituted by a network of concepts that emerges out of its dissemination and reception, and features the regularity of the indicative discourses of photography as a practice and an image. The shift from photography to the concept of photography is not only a change in concepts, but also one in photographic historiography. This shift constantly questions and deconstructs the traditional history of photography, whose models closely follow technical progress or the beautiful images produced by great photographers, emphasizing the spectators/recipients of the photographic image that were marginalized in the mainstream history of …
The Perceptional Foundation Of Impressionism, Haiyan Li
The Perceptional Foundation Of Impressionism, Haiyan Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
As a revolutionary painting school, impressionists develop a special plane configuration that deserves phenomenological description and critical reflection over the philosophical assumptions behind it. Impressionists claim to represent impressions as they are, so it strictly restricts the object to be represented within the field of the physical world, and in the process of painting, they try to remove all the processing activities that are external to the original impression and to use separate color blocks and rough brushstrokes so that they may represent the instant impression in the picture. By analyzing this plain configuration, this article explores the special concept …
Tongcheng School's Criticism Of Anti-Order Writing: On Annotative Criticism In Classical Prose Anthologies, Xinping Yang
Tongcheng School's Criticism Of Anti-Order Writing: On Annotative Criticism In Classical Prose Anthologies, Xinping Yang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Anti-order" is an important theoretical category in Chinese traditional culture, often compared with the category of "fro-order." As the categories of "anti-order" and "fro-order" develop, two value orientations are formed in the process, that is, the orientation that favors "fro-order" over "anti-order" and that puts more merit on "anti-order" than "fro-order." The preference to "anti-order" has exerted greater influence and given rise to the concept of "anti-order writing" in theoretical criticism of classical Chinese literature. It is a common aesthetic aspiration in literary criticism of the Qing Dynasty that values the "anti-order." The Tongcheng school, for instance, makes detailed comments …
On The Edition Criticism Of New-Era Novels And Its Academic Value, Xianhai Luo
On The Edition Criticism Of New-Era Novels And Its Academic Value, Xianhai Luo
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Different versions of novels in the new era through the writers' revision or rewriting has not been paid due academic attention. Different versions of novels are produced in three periods particularly. Among these revisions and rewritings, the "substantive textual variants" center round expressions that are politically sensitive or that are concerned with sex scenes. Other changes are made concerning artistic perfection and socio-historical requirements. Apart from political factors, literary awards, commercialization, film and television adaptation, copyright, regional culture, network and new media, as well as changes in the context of globalization, are also contributing reasons for textual modification and variation. …
Physical Instruments And Image Art, Tian Li
Physical Instruments And Image Art, Tian Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
From cavern fresco to easel painting, from photograph to computer-generated imagery (CGI), the physical instruments for capturing and creating images have constantly evolved thanks to the progress of technology. Accordingly, the development of image art has undergone three stages, that is, those of simulation, reproduction, and generation. Following the popularization of painting software and the Internet is the seamless integration of simulation, reproduction, and generation, which gives rise to an unprecedented prospect of visuality as well as more profound aesthetic thinking. This article, with a reference to the changes in drawing tools and a focus on the relationship between technical …
Pleasure And Aesthetic Experience From The Perspective Of Neuroaesthetics, Jun Hu
Pleasure And Aesthetic Experience From The Perspective Of Neuroaesthetics, Jun Hu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The study of the relationship between cognition and emotion in the common aesthetic mechanism of human brain is subject to debates. Oshin Vartanian, among others, suggests that cognition and emotion play an equally important role in the aesthetic process. He brings the concept of "pleasure" to the forefront in aesthetic experience and attempts to build a theoretical framework of neuroaesthetics that can link the study of emotion and that of cognition. Based on the aesthetic experience processing patterns, the emotional experience theory, as well as aesthetic experiential cases, Vartanian speculates and illustrates how "pleasure" plays a role in aesthetic experience. …
Some Issues Concerning The "Chorus" In Nietzsche's The Birth Of Tragedy, Youfeng Hu, Mian Wu
Some Issues Concerning The "Chorus" In Nietzsche's The Birth Of Tragedy, Youfeng Hu, Mian Wu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche, starting from the Satyr chorus and the original phenomenon of drama with a connection to his own aesthetic experience, offered a provocative aesthetic explanation of the origin and the development of tragedy. Tragedy, according to Nietzsche, originated from the Dithyramb and evolved in the form of "Dionysian chorus heading towards Apollo." The chorus, in which the tragic effect of "metaphysical comfort" was embodied, enabled tragedy to engage in the existence of Greek as a kind of primitive aesthetic experience. As the musical spirit of the chorus diminished, tragedy gradually declined. Nietzsche attempted to revive …
T. J. Clark's Logic Of "Negation" And The Practice From An Opposite Perspective In Social Art History, Haoyang Li
T. J. Clark's Logic Of "Negation" And The Practice From An Opposite Perspective In Social Art History, Haoyang Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Social art history is one of the most popular approaches to writing art history in the English-speaking context. T. J. Clark, who has been viewed as the leading scholar of social art history, introduced such discourses as "ideology", "class," and "production" into the writing of early French modern art history, seeking to interpret the relation of "vision-context" between ideology and social context. It is interesting to note that, when the social art history was in its heyday, Clark did not continue on its path, but proposed to "negatively" evaluate modern art. Once published, this view immediately triggered in the field …
The Compilation Of Anthologies And The Theoretical Issues In Constructing Contemporary "Study Of The Literary Selection", Yong Xu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In order to construct a contemporary "study of literary selection", we should center on the compilation of anthologies while taking into consideration of other mechanisms concerned with the selection of literary works, so as to construct a multi-dimensional system through multi-layered analysis of the "study of literary selection". The multi-layered structure of contemporary "study of literary selection" allows for its departure from the study of "The Selection of Refined Literature", and manifests as the important features of its modernity as well the anxiety of modernity. An investigation of contemporary "study of literary selection" informs our understanding of literary canonization.
The Crisis And Future Of National Memory In The Digital Age, Jingrong Zhao
The Crisis And Future Of National Memory In The Digital Age, Jingrong Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The concept of national memory can be interpreted in two ways, either as "memory about a nation" (or "a nation as a kind of memory") or as "a nation that remembers" (or "a nation's memory"). With a reference to nation which could be understood as country, native land, nation, and state, the national memory also unfolds as memory of China in geopolitical sense, memory of the native land in cultural and psychological sense, memory of nation in ethnographic sense, and memory of the state in political sense. The signification of the national memory changes in different contexts. There are two …
Transformation In Women's Ci-Poetry Towards The Su-Xin Style In The Mid-And Late Republican Period And Its Significance In The History Of Ci-Poetry, Yanting Xu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The mid- and late Republican period witnessed a transformation in ci-poetry initiated by a group of female poets, drawing on the style of Su Shi and Xin Qiji (Su-Xin hereafter). This transformation had its origins in the female poets who, due to their experience of modern education and particularly systematic education on ci-poetry, gradually formed a new practice to write under the guidance of certain thought on ci-poetry. The direct reason for this transformation was the emphasis on literature's social function brought about by the dramatic changes since the late 1920s, and the indirect reason was to use the Su-Xin …
Towards "Post-Critique": A Debate Over The Future Of Western Literary Studies, Hansong Dan
Towards "Post-Critique": A Debate Over The Future Of Western Literary Studies, Hansong Dan
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In the era of "after theory", it is always a heated scholarly issue to debate over the future of Western literary studies. Recently, Rita Felski and Joseph North respectively advance their arguments as to how literary studies as a discipline can overcome its methodological and disciplinary impasse. After a scrutiny of the inherent flaws of contemporary criticism, Felski suggests that we choose to practice "post-critique" so as to avoid the restraints of the "hermeneutics of suspicion". She is much in favor of Latour's "Actor Network Theory", which in her view is a significant new tool to reorganize literary criticism. North's …
"Re-Theatricalization" And "Re-Totalization": The Historical Influence Of Japanese Touring Troupes On The "Revitalization" Of Western Theatre In The Early 20th Century, Yang Gao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
From the turn of the century to the 1930s, three Japanese theatre troupes successively toured the West spanning a long period of time and a large geographic area. During their overseas tours, the various "theatrical" and "total" qualities identified in the troupes' stage performances highly fascinated and impressed the Westerners. Although the Westerners' reception of the Japanese touring troupes' performances was inevitably accompanied by some "(mis)interpretations". Nonetheless, these "(mis)interpretations" could be regarded as a kind of positive "self-affirmation", which greatly strengthened and reinforced the ideals and visions of some innovative Western theatre practitioners who had been aspiring to "revitalize" Western …