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2026

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Articles 91 - 120 of 169

Full-Text Articles in Classics

Rex Gothorum, Patres Conscripti, Et Senes Barbarorum: Balancing Monarchical And Aristocratic Power In The Ostrogothic Kingdom, Max Deloach Apr 2026

Rex Gothorum, Patres Conscripti, Et Senes Barbarorum: Balancing Monarchical And Aristocratic Power In The Ostrogothic Kingdom, Max Deloach

Honors Theses

The fourth and fifth-century migrations of “barbarian” peoples from beyond the Roman frontier to the heart of the Empire exacerbated an already unparalleled crisis of self in Roman society. With the settlement of these “barbarians” in the West, the facade of Roman dominion over its own territory and institutions had crumbled. In Italy, the Roman Senate, along with the Catholic Church and the Eastern Roman Emperor, became essential to the peninsula’s “barbarian” kings. At the same time, post-Roman monarchs were obliged to patronize their own nobility—the elite military class. This work evaluates the trilateral negotiation of power between post-Roman monarchs, …

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Karme Qatif: A Villa From The Second Temple Period In The Judean Shephelah / כרמי קטיף: וילה משלהי ימי בית שני בשפלת יהודה, Daniel Varga, Yigal Israel Apr 2026

Karme Qatif: A Villa From The Second Temple Period In The Judean Shephelah / כרמי קטיף: וילה משלהי ימי בית שני בשפלת יהודה, Daniel Varga, Yigal Israel

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

Three seasons of salvage excavations conducted at Karme Qatif uncovered a villa from the Second Temple period. The villa comprised four wings: a central courtyard; a western residential wing; an eastern wing containing a bathhouse; and a northern wing, which probably included the entrance to the villa. Finds from the building include a few locally made pottery vessels attributed to the Roman period, along with ceramic pipes used to convey water to the bathhouse. Several hiding complexes, soft limestone vessels, coins from the time of the Bar Kokhba Revolt and a miqveh uncovered in the vicinity of the villa may …

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An Alignment Of Absences: The Medicalization Of Death And Its Implications On Archaeological Methodology, Makayla J. Bowman Apr 2026

An Alignment Of Absences: The Medicalization Of Death And Its Implications On Archaeological Methodology, Makayla J. Bowman

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

Absence describes something that is "expected, wanted, or looked for [but] is not present or does not exist," (Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2026). The archaeological discipline interacts with absence in many profound ways, largely in its study of the past dead. This paper focuses on the ways in which the medicalization of death has influenced, limited, and misaligned archaeological methodology, and how the result of those methodologies produces archaeological analysis that is absent of or misrepresents our understanding of life, personhood, and our position within a greater, interconnected biosphere. Thus, I present an anthropological critique of the ways in which death and …

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Final Report For Clas 485 Capstone Vōx Antīqua, Aaron Moreno Apr 2026

Final Report For Clas 485 Capstone Vōx Antīqua, Aaron Moreno

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

This report summarizes and details the process of creating the capstone project Vōx Antīqua, a Greek and Latin pronunciation web course. The site layout, methodology, and creative process are all covered with detailed endnotes, followed by a complete bibliography of all primary and secondary sources consulted. This Digital Humanities resource contains hundreds of audio files covering Greek (in Classical Attic and Post-Classical) and Latin pronunciation, along with sixteen examples of Greek and Latin literature with full audio and original translations. Introduction to syllabification, accentuation, and prosody in both languages is also included.

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Prometheus The Trickster: Prophecy, Power, And Deception, Chris Griglack Apr 2026

Prometheus The Trickster: Prophecy, Power, And Deception, Chris Griglack

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

This article interprets Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound through the lens of trickster mythology, arguing that Prometheus functions as an atypical trickster deity whose primary tool is not deception of appearance but foreknowledge of fate. Rather than opposing Zeus through force, Prometheus manipulates divine power by controlling access to prophecy, transforming knowledge itself into a means of resistance. His gift of fire to humanity and his refusal to disclose the prophecy of Zeus’s downfall are shown to be parts of a single strategy: the calculated use of foreknowledge to constrain a tyrannical ruler. In this reading, prophecy operates less as an immutable …

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Cupid And Psyche: How Stories Reflect Cultural Norms, Maia Porter Apr 2026

Cupid And Psyche: How Stories Reflect Cultural Norms, Maia Porter

Honors Projects

Stories, as a whole, are retold time and time again, changing slightly with each retelling and interpretation. The story of Cupid and Psyche follows this pattern, changing as it is retold to fit the norms and values of the culture it is told within. This project examines three versions of the story: Apuleius’s “Cupid and Psyche” which is told within his larger novel Metamorphoses, Till We Have Faces (1956) written by C. S. Lewis, and Luna McNamara’s Psyche and Eros (2023). This project examines Psyche’s characterization and how much autonomy or agency she is given, how the inequality inherent in …

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The Power Of A Woman’S Charm: Analyzing The Presence Of Onahal In Oroonoko, Kristyn Haney Apr 2026

The Power Of A Woman’S Charm: Analyzing The Presence Of Onahal In Oroonoko, Kristyn Haney

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko is a story that places great emphasis on the importance of the power of beauty, but it isn’t perhaps the strongest force at work in the novel. Onahal is a minor character in the story who contrasts the idea that beauty is the only way to obtain power. As a former wife of the King, it is noted that while she once possessed beauty, she is now older and has therefore lost her beauty to the passage of time. Though her beauty is diminished, she still has her charm, which grants her power within her space. In …

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What Bombs Cannot Occupy: Memory, Heritage, And War In Ukraine, Dalton D. Conden Apr 2026

What Bombs Cannot Occupy: Memory, Heritage, And War In Ukraine, Dalton D. Conden

The Penguin Review

Air-raid sirens have become part of the daily soundscape in Ukrainian cities. They interrupt meals, classes, conversations, and sleep. When they blare, people gather what they can and move quickly sometimes to shelters, sometimes to basements, sometimes nowhere at all. Families lock their doors without knowing whether they will ever turn the key again. Children carry backpacks filled with whatever seemed important in the moment: a photograph, a stuffed animal, a book pulled hastily from a shelf. Around them, buildings that once anchored everyday life—churches, museums, historic neighborhoods— have been damaged or destroyed.

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An Etruscan Life And Death: 2025 Findings From The Valle Gianni Archaeological Site, Skye Mccord Apr 2026

An Etruscan Life And Death: 2025 Findings From The Valle Gianni Archaeological Site, Skye Mccord

Exceptional Scholarship & Artistry

The site of Valle Gianni, part of The Northwest Bolsena Archaeological Project, is located on the northwest lakefront of Lake Bolsena, and harbors many Roman and Etruscan archaeological findings dating back to the late Iron Age. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the cultural traditions of the Etruscans, their place in the wider Mediterranean during the late Iron Age into Classical antiquity, and the changes to both physical landscapes and cultural landscapes after their conquest by the Romans. The site of Valle Gianni acts as a case study in the dynamics of colonization and the repurposing of sacred …

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Highway 3: Microscopic And Elemental Analyses Of Plaster From The Byzantine Levigation Pool Complex, Svetlana Gasanova, Davida Eisenberg-Degen Apr 2026

Highway 3: Microscopic And Elemental Analyses Of Plaster From The Byzantine Levigation Pool Complex, Svetlana Gasanova, Davida Eisenberg-Degen

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

Microscopic and elemental analyses were employed on two plaster samples from the Byzantine levigation pools uncovered in the Highway 3 excavations. While the mineral composition of the samples was broadly similar, differences in flakiness and aggregate content imply variations in materials and techniques, indicating different construction or repair phases.

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Highway 3: Modern Ammunition, Assaf Peretz Apr 2026

Highway 3: Modern Ammunition, Assaf Peretz

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

This article presents an analysis of modern ammunition artifacts connected to World War I military operations, uncovered during excavations along Highway 3 near es-Sawafir el-Gharbiya. The finds include British and Ottoman cartridges and spent cartridges and an Ottoman hand grenade, linked to troop movements and engagements during the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force’s pursuit of retreating Ottoman forces following the third battle of Gaza in November 1917. The study contextualizes these artifacts within the operational history of the Australian Mounted Corps and Ottoman defensive actions. Additionally, the article discusses ammunition from the 1948 War of Independence found at the site, highlighting …

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Highway 3: Mollusks From Byzantine–Early Islamic Contexts, Inbar Ktalav Apr 2026

Highway 3: Mollusks From Byzantine–Early Islamic Contexts, Inbar Ktalav

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

This report discusses 24 bivalve remains retrieved from various fills. Most of the assemblage (twenty specimens) is comprised of the Nilotic bivalve Chambardia rubens, followed by two valves of the Mediterranean bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, one local freshwater bivalve Unio mancus and one Scaphopoda Antalis inaequicostata. The malacological evidence implies geographical connections with both the Mediterranean coast and the Nile region during the Byzantine–Early Islamic period. Most of the assemblage consists of nacreous shells, which may have been used in the inlay industry or as food items.

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Highway 3: Faunal Remains From Byzantine, Byzantine–Early Islamic And Ottoman Contexts, Lee Perry-Gal Apr 2026

Highway 3: Faunal Remains From Byzantine, Byzantine–Early Islamic And Ottoman Contexts, Lee Perry-Gal

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

A faunal assemblage of 174 identified animal bones was recovered from excavations along Highway 3, mainly from Byzantine and Byzantine–Early Islamic and Ottoman contexts, with a small contribution from Late Roman strata. The remains originate primarily from refuse pits and from industrial-agricultural installations, including reservoirs, ovens and silos. The assemblage was analyzed using a diagnostic zone recording system, standard osteological identification, age-at-death assessment and detailed taphonomic analysis. The Byzantine and Byzantine–Early Islamic assemblages are dominated by caprines, mainly sheep, followed by pigs, equids and cattle, with minor representation of chicken and camel. Caprine mortality profiles indicate mainly mature individuals, suggesting …

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Highway 3: The Coins, Gabriela Bijovsky Apr 2026

Highway 3: The Coins, Gabriela Bijovsky

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

This is a modest group of coins that span interruptedly a period from the first century CE to the first half of the sixth century CE. The earliest coin, dated to Antiochus IV, is a residual find, and the latest coin is an Abbasid fals. Most coin types are conventional. The fact that four chi-rho pentanummia imitations were discovered strengthens the suggestion that these poorly-preserved coins were minted in the area of modern Ashqelon.

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Highway 3: The Glass Finds, Tamar Winter Apr 2026

Highway 3: The Glass Finds, Tamar Winter

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

The glass finds from the excavation along Highway 3 include a single cast bowl of the late Hellenistic–Early Roman periods and vessels dated to the Late Roman−early Byzantine, Byzantine and late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. Additionally, the excavation yielded Late Islamic–Ottoman-period glass bracelets, as well as various beads. Especially noteworthy are a Byzantine-period cylindrical beaker, which complements the only other documented example from Israel, and a trough-shaped bar, for which no analogous examples from other excavations have been located so far. Furthermore, the number, variety and quality of the Late Islamic–Ottoman-period bracelets are notable, as not many such finds have been …

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Highway 3: The Late Ottoman Ceramics, Anna De Vincenz Apr 2026

Highway 3: The Late Ottoman Ceramics, Anna De Vincenz

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

A small, ceramic vessel assemblage dated to the late Ottoman period is presented here. The assemblage consists of household ceramics, including a variety of Black Gaza Ware vessels and handmade cooking pots. A rather large number of probably locally made ceramic smoking pipes are also part of this assemblage.

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Highway 3: Late Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Pottery, Ilan Peretz Apr 2026

Highway 3: Late Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Pottery, Ilan Peretz

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

The pottery in this report was recovered from the salvage excavation along Highway 3, at the former Ottoman villages of es-Sawafir el-Gharbiya and es-Sawafir esh-Sharqiya. The finds presented here date from the late Persian, Hellenistic and Roman period. The Roman pottery is attributed to the late first–second centuries CE and includes fine wares (mainly ESA), cooking vessels and imported amphorae and lamps.

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Highway 3: The Iron Age Pottery, Svetlana Talis Apr 2026

Highway 3: The Iron Age Pottery, Svetlana Talis

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

The excavations along Highway 3 yielded pottery from the Iron Age. The finds were retrieved from fills without clear stratigraphic context, and no architectural remains from the Iron Age were identified. The vessels are therefore presented chronologically, dating from the Iron Age IIA and IIB (tenth–eighth centuries BCE), based on parallels from sites in Judaea, the Shephelah and the southern coastal plain, such as Tel Lakhish, Tel Batash, Tel es-Safi and Tel Ashdod. The Iron Age IIA pottery comprises Philistine-style kraters and chalices, while the Iron Age IIB artifacts include open, rounded and carinated bowls, cooking pots and holemouth jars. …

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Highway 3: Architectural Remains From The Late Hellenistic, Late Roman–Early Islamic And Late Ottoman Periods, Davida Eisenberg-Degen Apr 2026

Highway 3: Architectural Remains From The Late Hellenistic, Late Roman–Early Islamic And Late Ottoman Periods, Davida Eisenberg-Degen

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

Excavations along Highway 3 revealed intermittent occupation, with remains from the late Hellenistic, Late Roman, Byzantine–Early Islamic and Ottoman periods, as well as earlier unstratified pottery from Iron Age II. The late Hellenistic period is represented by a winepress, likely associated with a rural farmstead. A winepress and a hypocaust, dated to the Late Roman–early Byzantine periods, may reflect the expansion of the settlement exposed in previous excavations to the east of the present excavation. Byzantine–Early Islamic remains include pottery-production facilities comprising potter’s wheels, levigation pools and slags. The latest remains date to the eighteenth–nineteenth centuries (late Ottoman period), reflecting …

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The Story Game: Dissuading The Abolition Of Man With Narrative Intellectual Virtue & The Hunger Games, Camille Bewley Apr 2026

The Story Game: Dissuading The Abolition Of Man With Narrative Intellectual Virtue & The Hunger Games, Camille Bewley

Harding Undergraduate Research Conference

Relativism in modern America is leading society toward the fruition of C.S. Lewis’ warning of the abolition of man. This nation once founded on freedom inches closer to the dystopia which Suzanne Collins depicts in her Hunger Games series. This paper recognizes the growing need for humanity to realign with truth and universal values, first by reorienting itself to narratives. Through intellectual virtues of understanding and prudence as defined by Aristotle, society can translate stories into their inherent purpose; seeing truth and reality within the bottle of imagination. Stories contain the answers, narratives are the way humanity subscribes to reality. …

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“I Care For Nothing Else”: Prayer In Purgatorio And Paradise Lost, Clara Kernodle Apr 2026

“I Care For Nothing Else”: Prayer In Purgatorio And Paradise Lost, Clara Kernodle

Ex Sapientia Loqui

In Dante's Purgatorio, the penitent souls reform themselves through physical penance and constant prayer. Dante depicts the power of sincere, repentant prayer, as God is more merciful than the earthly institution of the Church, and participates equally with the sinner in the soul's salvation. The efforts of souls in Purgatorio are like our own lives; we too ought to engage in the holy sacrifice of constant, repentant prayer. Further, in Paradise Lost, Milton demonstrates how honest prayer is imperative to salvation.

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Beasts Of Burden: Human Dignity And Roman Slavery In The Silver Age Latin Literature, William Deloach Apr 2026

Beasts Of Burden: Human Dignity And Roman Slavery In The Silver Age Latin Literature, William Deloach

Ex Sapientia Loqui

This article evaluates rhetoric used to describe enslaved persons in Petronius's Satyricon and Statius's Silvae through the lens of human dignity. Human dignity is evaluated through ancient and modern lenses, drawing upon Cicero's conception of civilitas and contemporary views by luminaries such as George Kateb and Michael Rosen. Silvae and Satyricon utilize conceptions of dignity to uplift the value of slaves, though in some cases the opposite is also observable. Overwhelmingly, the two works lean towards recognizing enslaved persons' dignity rather than rejecting it.

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The Red Bag Of Distance: A Scene Analysis Of Anna Karenina’S Suicide, Camille Bewley Apr 2026

The Red Bag Of Distance: A Scene Analysis Of Anna Karenina’S Suicide, Camille Bewley

Harding Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

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Historians At War: A Comparative Analysis Between Thucydides And Xenophon's Accounts Of The Peloponnesian War, Juleeanna S. Fuller Apr 2026

Historians At War: A Comparative Analysis Between Thucydides And Xenophon's Accounts Of The Peloponnesian War, Juleeanna S. Fuller

Caroliniana Undergraduate Research Journal

This essay analyzes Thucydides and Xenophon's accounts of the Peloponnesian War, reflecting on the intersection of historical narratives, personal bias, and political perspectives. Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War presents Athens’ decline through the lens of moral and political collapse, emphasizing human nature, rationalism, and realism. Despite his reputation for objectivity, his reconstruction of speeches and selective focus revealed an underlying critique of Athenian democracy, shaped by his own life experiences. However, Xenophon's Hellenica continues the narrative with a pronounced Spartan bias, depicting Spartan hegemony and the Thirty Tyrants in a largely favorable or justified light, while minimizing their brutality …

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The Hypocrisy Of The Wizards—A Proposal To Correct Incentives In Higher Education Loan Financing, Caden Benedict Apr 2026

The Hypocrisy Of The Wizards—A Proposal To Correct Incentives In Higher Education Loan Financing, Caden Benedict

School of Public Policy Capstones

This paper explores the origins of the student loan debt crisis and proposes tying university incentives to graduates' repayment plans and disclosing median earnings for degrees before students apply. Specifically, while there are numerous factors explaining why the price of education has increased dramatically since the 1970s, this paper proposes solutions that will specifically target university moral hazards by requiring universities fund: (1) the current subsidies to federal student loan repayments under income-driven plans as the House of Representatives intended before the Senate removed "risk-sharing," and (2) bankruptcy law discharge amounts. Moreover, requiring universities to disclose the median earnings of …

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Playing Hard To Get: Limerence And The Psychology Of The Amator In Latin Love Elegy, Carson Carpenter '26 Apr 2026

Playing Hard To Get: Limerence And The Psychology Of The Amator In Latin Love Elegy, Carson Carpenter '26

Honor Scholar Theses

This thesis seeks to further bridge the gap in the literature between the fields of psychology and Latin literature. Specifically, it examines Latin love elegy through modern psychological frameworks of limerence. Limerence is a descriptive psychological condition in which an individual experiences an involuntary, often uncontrollable obsessive attachment to another person known as the limerent object. Drawing from the works of Ovid, Propertius, Tibullus, and Catullus, the thesis argues that the elegiac amator consistently parallels the cognitive andemotional patterns associated with limerence, including idealization, uncontrollable ruminative thinking, emotional volatility, and fixation on reciprocated attention. Using Verhulst’s five stage model and …

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Harriet Hosmer: Femininity And Stone, Savannah V. Parrish Apr 2026

Harriet Hosmer: Femininity And Stone, Savannah V. Parrish

Undergraduate Theses

Harriet Hosmer was an American woman sculptor who studied in Rome, Italy, from 1853 to 1900. Hosmer led her own cohort of women artists and inspired other artists in Rome. Hosmer’s sculptures and the controversies surrounding them exemplify her experiences as a career woman of her time. Hosmer made sculptures of women who defied the will of men, both mythical and historical. Hosmer’s sculptures show how she felt restricted in the world, particularly in the field of sculpture as a woman and how like the figures of her sculptures she found freedom in stone, where she could tell the stories …

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Odysseus: From Homer To Sophocles, Jonas Hammond Apr 2026

Odysseus: From Homer To Sophocles, Jonas Hammond

Undergraduate Theses

In two of his plays, the Ajax and Philoctetes, the tragedian Sophocles uses and alters Homer’s Odysseus to augment the moral message he is trying to instill in his audience. His use of Odysseus changes between these two plays as his moral outlook shifts in the face of changing Athenian fortunes. As the focus of his praise moved away from guiles and sophia to focus more on the “noble ideal,” the ubiquity of Homer’s version of Odysseus meant that Odysseus’ character had to be actively altered when Sophocles wished to encourage the Athenians to follow the noble ideal instead of …

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Time And Actual Infinity In Aristotle's Physics, Atanas Georgiev Iliev Apr 2026

Time And Actual Infinity In Aristotle's Physics, Atanas Georgiev Iliev

Classics Undergraduate Senior Theses

This thesis examines the relationship between the existence of infinity and the nature of time as presented in Aristotle’s Physics, arguing that his two theories come into tension at two points. The Introduction sets out the purpose and methodology of the study and offers an overview of the historical reception and influence of Aristotle’s teaching on the infinite. Chapter I outlines this teaching, examining Aristotle’s reasons for categorising instances of the infinite through several dichotomies, most notably the distinction between actual and potential existence, before presenting his arguments for rejecting the existence of an actual infinity. Chapter II turns to …

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Flos Gari: Experiments With The Flower Of The Ancient Romans In A Modern Kitchen, Austin M. Pritchett Apr 2026

Flos Gari: Experiments With The Flower Of The Ancient Romans In A Modern Kitchen, Austin M. Pritchett

SPARK Symposium Presentations

This paper examines a condiment popular among the ancient Romans which might seem off-putting to modern people: the fermented fish sauce garum. A brief history of the garum as well as an analysis of its chemical composition are given, before the author describes his experiments with the sauce in his own kitchen, conducted in an attempt to determine its suitability for the modern palate.

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