Classics Commons^™

'And Your Name Will Be Remembered... ": The History Of John Alexander Clark's Turkish Mission, Daniel J. Pingree

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

Thousands of miles from the arid deserts of rural Utah in the coastal city of Haifa, Israel, stands a small German cemetery known only to few. Surrounded by a weathered wrought-iron fence and situated near the shipping docks, the cemetery borders the Mediterranean Sea and is overshadowed by ML Carmel. A marble and sandstone monument inside the fence honors the final resting place of a valiant missionary who died while laboring among a people he loved. This gravestone marks the burial plot of John Alexander Clark, a young elder who died while serving in the Turkish Mission for The Church …

Creation Of The Evil Empire: How American Newspapers Molded Perceptions Of The Soviet Union, Mary Dickson

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

Feelings of apprehension and mistrust toward the Soviet Union were very familiar to those born during the cold war era. However, many baby-boomers were probably unaware that as recently as 1945, the Soviets were considered comrades-in-arms American allies. This drastic change in perception had several causes by a number of ingredients. Predominant among these were media voices that tended to encourage fear of Soviet aggression, promote certain policy positions, reinforce negative stereotypes, and influence consumers' purchases; a review of relevant events covered by the American newspaper media in different areas of the United States revealed the changing attitudes toward the …

Germany's War For World Conquest And The Extermination Of Jews, Gerhard L. Weinberg

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

Fifty years ago the war between Germany and the Allies was coming to its final stage. In the East, the Red Army had broken through the German central front in Poland, had driven deeply into Germany itself, had taken much of the Silesian industrial area, had established a bridgehead over the Oder River, and was eliminating pockets of German resistance isolated by the winter offensive, even while preparations were beginning for the final assault on Berlin. In the South, all Soviet territory once occupied by the Germans had been freed almost a year earlier, and the Red Army occupied Romania, …

The Russel B. Swensen Lecture

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

After graduating from Brigham Young University in 1926, Russel B. Swensen taught seminary in Mesa, Arizona, and later in Kamas and Hurricane, Utah. In 1930,Joseph F. Merrill, then LDS Church commissioner of education, invited Swensen, along with two others, to attend the University of Chicago Divinity School. There, he received an M.A. and Ph.D. in New Testament Studies.

Acknowledgments

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

The Thetean received generous donations from the following affiliates of Brigham Young University:

• History Department
• College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences
• Office of Graduate Studies
• Multicultural Education
• General and Honors Education
• Charles Redd Center for Western Studies
• Women's Research Institute
• David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies

Preface, Heather M. Seferovich, Christopher Oscarson

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

The Thetean is an annual publication of the Beta Iota Chapter of Phi Alpha Theta, an international honorary society of history. Students at Brigham Young University submit scholarly historical papers for publication. The annual Russel B. Swensen lecture is also published.

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The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

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The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

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"Uncle Sam Meets John Bull':· American Fur Traders' Attitudes Toward The Hudson's Bay Company, 1821-1832, Andrea Gayle Radke

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

The disgruntled British trapper cocked his rifle and shoved it into the chest of Mr. Lucien Fontenelle. Feeling that the American rivals had instigated the desertion of a fellow English trader, the gun-wielding Brit planned on taking out his frustrations on Fontenelle, the American Fur Company leader. Immediately, Fontenelle's men sprang from their horses with rifles ready, "prepared to give them Battle, should they presume to offer any further show of hostility." Cooler heads prevailed, however, and the companies parted without additional conflict.

The Bomb In Political Cartoons Of The 1950s, Cory B. Stokes

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

Cartoons are irresistible. No other printed medium conveys its message to a wider range of people. Hebert Block (Herblock) and other popular syndicated cartoonists provided a substantial slice of the cartoons Americans saw each evening as they opened their newspapers. Their themes represent discourse on a national level as opposed to regional or local cartoonists. Examining the intent and content of 1950s editorial cartoons sheds light on society's reaction to the nuclear threat and what part the opinion pages played in shaping the public perception of the nuclear weapons race. Herblock's cartoons emphasized the unknown and uncontrollable nature of atomic …

The Influence Of The Council On Foreign Relations In American Foreign Policy Initiatives, Walter Kenneth Lovell

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

United States Foreign policy has generally followed common themes since the nation's birth. Ideally, in a democratic society, the prevailing views of the mass of people create the policies guiding the government both domestically and abroad. It is in this vein that former Secretary of State Dean Rusk spoke when defining foreign policy as constant. Foreign policy ought not change according to political climate, but rather take its basis from the values the people ostensibly hold sacred.

"Seein' Is Believin "': Spiritualism Among Civil War-Era Mississippian And South Carolinian Slaves, Westley Follett

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

When asked if she believed in ghosts, Minerva Wells of Simpson County, Mississippi replied, "Ise lak my race, I jes' sorter can't help from a believing in haints jes' a little bit." For many former slaves such as Minerva, spiritualism (a belief in ghosts, spirits, and "haints"), superstition, and magic were accepted facts of life. They held a profound influence over the actions of believers and they also formed an integral part of the Southern slave culture.

Faith In Europe: De Gasperi, Adenauer And Their Visions Of Postwar Europe, Michael Griffitts

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

G ermany and Italy faced exceptional challenges after World War II. Their culpability in the outbreak of this devastating war made recovery an especially difficult task. Konrad Adenauer (1876-1967) and Alcide De Gasperi (1881-1954) had the unenviable jobs of rebuilding their respective nations after Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini had fallen from power. Both were Chri~tian Democrats who believed that the Christian tradition could provide an important foundation for Europe's rebirth. For both, the ennobling principles of Christianity and the transnational solidarity promoted by the religious tradition offered a refreshing possibility for peace and stability. Their commitment to greater European …

'A Mighty Woman In Zion": The Roles Of Mary Jane Dilworth Hammond As An Lds Missionary Wife In Nineteenth-Century Hawaii, Julia Ann Oldroyd

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

Mary Jane Dilworth, the twelfth of thirteen children of Caleb and Eliza Wollerton Dilworth, was born on 29 July 1831 in Uwchlan, Chester, Pennsylvania. By 1846, her mother, brother, and eight sisters had joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and had moved to Nauvoo, Illinois, to gather with the other Church members. The inhabitants of Nauvoo were later driven from their homes to Winter Qyarters, Nebraska, and on 17 June 1847 most of the Dilworth family headed farther west with the Jedediah M. Grant Mormon pioneer company and arrived in the Salt Lake Valley almost four months …

Tripping The Iron Feet Of Oppression: The Montgomery Bus Boycott As The Starting Point Of The Civil Rights Movement, Val J. Heyer

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

Many historians hold that the landmark Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision was. the starting point of the modem Civil Rights movement, because it showed that blacks could legally protest segregation and win. However, as Edgar French stated, "history refutes any claim that this date marked the beginning of their struggle." Today, disproportionate emphasis on Brown is displayed in history textbooks. Historians Paul Escott and David Goldfield wrote that the Civil Rights movement was a "religious crusade" and that Martin Luther King,Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) were the epitomes of this crusade. They did not mention …

Empires And Multi-Ethnic Identities, Beatrice Forbes Manz

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

The last fifteen years have brought an upsurge of the national and ethnic unrest that many had hoped was past. The disintegration of the Soviet Union and its alliance system poses new challenges and questions, and deprives us of the easy frame of reference within which we regarded the confusion of a small and contentious world. U oder these circumstances, it is natural that the study ofidentity should find appeal, and since the late 1970s a number of illuminating studies have appeared. Most of these studies explore the phenomenon of nationalism, seen as the most modern and widespread form of …

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The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

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The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

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Teenage Terror: Blackboard Jungle (1955) And The Spirit Of The Fifties, Mark Cordner

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

So violent it gained reference in the United States Congress, so extreme it caused the U.S. Ambassador to Italy to force its banning from the Venice Film Festival, so explicit it brought widespread disapproval from educators, Richard Brooks' Blackboard Jungle (1955) exploded across the silver screen with an intensity and honesty that was frightening as well as controversial. Released at a peak in the U.S. Congress' investigation into the mass media's influence on juvenile delinquency, Blackboard Jungle set off a fury of protest from enraged parents and teachers. The film also marked the beginning of a new Hollywood fascination with …

The Techniques And Applications Of Hitler's Propaganda, Kelly Stone

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

In March of 1924, Adolf Hitler and forty of his associates were convicted of treason for attempting to overthrow the Weimar government in the failed "Beer Hall Putsch." Hitler was sentenced to five years in the Landsberg fortress, but was released in less than a year. During his eight month incarceration, Hitler wrote a remarkable book, Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"), in which he recounted his life, proclaimed his ideology, and described in detail his plans (upon attaining power) for Germany's future. Mein Kampf is not a literary masterpiece. Winston Churchill describes it as "turgid, verbose, [and] shapeless." Mein Kampf's importance …

Christiaan Huygens' Wave Theory Of Light: A Major Contribution To Seventeenth Century Science, Cari Petersen

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

The phenomena of light have been subject to much speculation and controversy throughout history. The ancient Hebrews believed that light was formed by God's command on the first day of creation. The ancient Egyptians worshipped the sun, the source of light, and called it Ra; the Persians worshipped the sun as Mithras. By the fifth century B.C. the Greek's quest to comprehend light came under natural investigation instead of a supernatural mysticism. Through logic, the ancient Greek philosopher, Empedocles, reasoned that light must have a measurable speed since it takes time for light to get from one place to another. …

"History Ceases To Exist": Gettysburg And The American Memory, 1865 To 1985, Gary Daynes

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

John Brinkerhoff Jackson, the foremost historian of American landscapes, concluded his essay "The Necessity for Ruins" by stating that for most modern Americans "History ceases to exist." By this, Jackson did not imply that Americans have no interest in the past, for each year millions flock to historic sites. Rather, for Americans, the past is a plaything serving no purpose beyond bolstering their national self image.

From Initial Opportunities To The Awakening: A Paradoxical View Of The Rise Of Women's Literature, Rebecca Christensen

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

The 1800s saw the broadening of the female press with an expanded audience and increasing numbers of women writers. These women, following the admonition of Sarah Hale, emphasized the role of women as defenders of morality. Women, they believed, functioned in a separate sphere and their writing stressed women's proper place in family and home environments. The strong literary foundation created by the success of these women, however, paradoxically lead to the emergence of Kate Chopin, whose works reject the conventional model of women as the ideal of virtue and demonstrate women's needs as an individuals.

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The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

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The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

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The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

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John Dickinson's "Falling Away In Politics," 1774-1776, Matthew Harris

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

Of all the Founding Fathers, recorded Benjamin Rush, "few men wrote, spoke and acted more for their country from the years [of] 1764 to the establishment of the federal government than [John] Dickinson." He was one of the only Founding Fathers to play a leading role in most of the significant events surrounding the birth of the American republic-from the Stamp Act Congress in 1765 to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Yet his standing today compared to that of his fellow revolutionaries is shamefully obscure in view of his contributions.

Another Look At Japanese Relocation During World War Ii, Anna Maria Allen

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

The U.S. government's rationale for relocating people of Japanese ancestry during World War II is seldom explained. Most attention since President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued the order permitting the relocation of individuals of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast to areas in the interior of the United States has naturally been placed on the plight of the people involved. Present popular historical perspective usually interprets this relocation as a constitutional violation worthy of redress from the United States government although historical evidence suggests that at the time the order was issued the action was considered a critical part of U.S. …

Anglo-Saxons And The Irish Sea, Ryan Patrick Crisp

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

Recently, Peter Brown described the Irish Sea in the early Middle Ages as "a Celtic 'Mediterranean of the north."' That assessment may be more than this small sea can measure up to, but sufficient evidence concludes that there was substantial naval activity in this area during the early Middle Ages. Interestingly, the Anglo-Saxons, though they had access to the Irish Sea, never ventured forth upon these waters in great numbers. This fact makes their few voyages upon this Celtic lake worth examining.

Prague Spring, Prelude To The Velvet Revolution, Travis Mueller

The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing

In the late 1980s, the world watched communism topple. Political and economic reforms started by Gorbachev in the Soviet Union caused a chain reaction in the Soviet Eastern European satellite states. These countries finally felt able to initiate their own reforms and for the first time in decades the people could collectively voice their opinions. Particularly notable was the Czechoslovak popular movement of the late 1980s chat froze the power of the Soviet-supported government and forced its leaders to resign. This revolution, known as the Velvet Revolution, is unique among ocher political revolutions in chat it was almost entirely peaceful, …