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Articles 61 - 90 of 100
Full-Text Articles in Classics
Roman Criminal Law In A Berlin Papyrus Codex (Bgu Iv 1024–1027), James G. Keenan
Roman Criminal Law In A Berlin Papyrus Codex (Bgu Iv 1024–1027), James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Of the statuary that has survived from Egypt's ancient dynasties, a familiar pose, whose prototype dates back to the Old Kingdom, is that of the scribe, sitting cross-legged with a papyrus roll spread open between his knees. Through Egypt's Ptolemaic and into its Roman period, although the scribe's position and posture may have changed, his use of the papyrus roll remained as before. But, beginning in the second century of Roman rule in Egypt, a new book form, the codex, identical in general design to the modern book, began to be developed and its use began to spread. Papyrus continued …
Review: Seneca: Moral Epistles, John F. Makowski
Review: Seneca: Moral Epistles, John F. Makowski
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Here is a handy selection of forty of Seneca's most important Epistulae Morales presented in an attractive format with running and end vocabularies, notes, and a brief introduction to the author's life, thought, and style. Designed as "a rapid reader", the volume is geared toward the college student and provides a well chosen sampling of letters illuminating Senecan epistolary technique, late Roman Stoicism, and the social history of the Neronian age. The book is very different in tone and purpose from Summers' edition of 1910 and does not mean to provide a commentary of either depth or sophistication. One will …
A Christian Letter From The Michigan Collection, James G. Keenan
A Christian Letter From The Michigan Collection, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The papyrus edited below, P.Mich. inv. 3999, was purchased for the University of Michigan in 1925. It belongs to lot IV of the Nahman papyri, all of which come from Oxyrhynchus. The papyrus measures (roughly) 12 cm. (width) by 25 cm. (height). Margins are small at top (0.8 cm.) and (until line 19) at left (0.5 cm., discounting the vertical strip whose partial remains appear opposite lines 8-13). The prayer (lines 20-24) below the letter's body is indented at the left ca. 2.5 cm. inward from the mu of mhd°no!, the first word in line 19 (therefore ca. 3.0 cm. …
P. Cair. Masp. Ii 67135, James G. Keenan
P. Cair. Masp. Ii 67135, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The rent receipt, P.Cair.Masp. II 67135, was revised and re-edited by Gertrude Malz, Studi in onore diA. Calderini e R. Paribeni, II, pp. 351-52. The revision was based on parallel texts in P.Cair.Masp. III 67327 and PSI VIII 935 and facilitated by plate II at the back of P.Cair.Masp. II. Unfortunately, an important fragment of the papyrus as reproduced in the plate was positioned too high, see plate (a) below. It is of course possible visually to reposition the fragment when attempting to compare the text--as Malz did with good effect, and as I myself tried when proposing further revisions …
A New Solidus Of Julian Caesar, Jacqueline Long
A New Solidus Of Julian Caesar, Jacqueline Long
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
This coin is the first Constantinopolitan issue in a precious metal for Julian as Caesar. As such, it poses certain questions: first its authenticity, then its date and significance.
Tacitus, Roman Wills And Political Freedom, James G. Keenan
Tacitus, Roman Wills And Political Freedom, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
In a well-known letter to his friend Rufinus (8.18), Pliny the Younger opens with, and then develops, a remark about the will of one Domitius Tullus. There seems to have been a popular belief (quod creditur vulgo), formulated as an aphorism, to the effect that "men's wills are a mirror of their characters" (testamenta hominum speculum esse morum). But Tullus, a man of low repute who had assembled his estate by shady practices and who had tempted the legacy hunters, turns out to have made a fine will, characterized by pietas toward his adopted daughter whom he named heir, by …
Confidential Business: P. Col. Inv. 316, Jacqueline Long
Confidential Business: P. Col. Inv. 316, Jacqueline Long
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The papyrus is a medium buff color. Almost complete, the page misses its lower right corner (approximately 7 x 3.5 cm. along the margins), and grows increasingly worn and gappy towards the bottom edge. It was folded twice vertically about 4 cm. In from the margins: the righthand fold is particularly worn. No horizontal fold is evident. The papyrus is written along the fibers on both sides, having been rotated 90° for the address on the back. The front looks neat and professional. The top margin measures 2cm., the left .5 cm. and the right 1 cm.; continuation-strokes keep the …
Review: Ancient Fiction: The Novel In The Graeco-Roman World, John F. Makowski
Review: Ancient Fiction: The Novel In The Graeco-Roman World, John F. Makowski
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
In this book the author of Eros Sophistes hopes to afford laymen an introduction to the ancient novelist as serious artist, while to specialists he addresses technical discussions about the novel's origins and its relation to far older texts as well as about the impact of recently discovered papyri and cuneiform tablets upon our understanding of the genre's development. It is difficult to write a study which will speak simultaneously to both neophyte and scholar, doubly difficult when the subject matter until recently has been neglected even by the professional, who tended to assign Longus, Achilles Tatius, and Heliodorus to …
Georgic 3.41: A Vergilian Wordplay At The Expense Of Maecenas, John F. Makowski
Georgic 3.41: A Vergilian Wordplay At The Expense Of Maecenas, John F. Makowski
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Vergil mentions Maecenas by name in the opening lines of each book of the Georgics (1.2, 2.41, 3.41, and 4.2). While there may or may not be some special significance to the symmetrical positioning of the name, it seems likely that at least in one of the instances Vergil is making a word-play whose purpose it is to poke some good-natured fun at the personality of his dedicatee.
Persephone, Psyche, And The Mother-Maiden Archetype, John F. Makowski
Persephone, Psyche, And The Mother-Maiden Archetype, John F. Makowski
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
While the figure of the Mother Goddess has always fascinated students of Greek myth and religion (Vernant, 1965, 102-31), the subject has in recent years generated an enormous amount of scholarly literature which has illuminated the goddess’ role from a number of perspectives (Harding, 1971).* This expanding interest is due in part to exciting new developments in the fields of psychology, anthropology, and women’s studies, whose findings underscore the prominence of the Great Mother in the psychic and cultural life of humanity. Among the schools of thought that have produced some of the most provocative though not unchallenged ideas about …
Notes On Absentee Landlordism At Aphrodito, James G. Keenan
Notes On Absentee Landlordism At Aphrodito, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
In two recent articles, I tried to establish the existence in 6th-century Aphrodite of a cadre of local worthies who, in the system of village land management, while owners and acquirers in their own right, served also as middlemen for absentee landowners and for landowning churches and monasteries. One article centered on Aurelius Phoibammon, son of Triadelphus, the other, on Apollos, son of Dioscorus; but it was suggested in the second article that more than just these two Aphroditans filled this middleman role. A more limited case--because there is less evidence--might be made for Apollos' brother, Besarion; a stronger case, …
P.Laur. Iv 169: Fragmentary Constitution Of Constantine?, James G. Keenan
P.Laur. Iv 169: Fragmentary Constitution Of Constantine?, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The editor in introducing the text points out the interest of its consular dating (A.D. 326) and the difficulty of making much out of the first two lines. It appears that the fragment's third and fourth lines are being construed as the dating clause from an otherwise ordinary Arsinoite document (intro. with nn, to lines 3 and 4); but there are some oddities that suggest that this is not so, and, further, that there is more to the fragment than first meets the eye.
The Aphrodite Papyri And Village Life In Byzantine Egypt, James G. Keenan
The Aphrodite Papyri And Village Life In Byzantine Egypt, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The nearly one thousand years during which Egypt was characterized by a Greek-speaking elite have by papyrologists and historians traditional;y been divided into three periods: the Ptolemaic, which marks its beginning with Alexander’s invasion in 332 B.C.; the Roman, which begins with Octavian’s reduction of Alexandria in 30 B.C.; and the Byzantine, which starts with Diocleatian’s accession in A.D. 284 and ends with the Arab invasion of A.D. 639. The Greek papyri recovered from ancient Egypt’s cemeteries and waste heaps, whether by supervised excavations or by the less formal ‘excavations’ of the sebakh-diggers, especially toward the end of the nineteenth …
An Afterthought On The Names Flavius And Aurelius, James G. Keenan
An Afterthought On The Names Flavius And Aurelius, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
It has been ten years since publication in zpe (11 [1973] 33-63; 13 [1974] 283-304) of the long article on "The Names Flavius and Aurelius as Status Designations in Later Roman Egypt." During the past decade, papyrological colleagues seem to have approved, by word and in print, the article's theses; at the same time they have been kind enough not to throw too glaring a light on the occasional anomaly that requires attention or the occasional modification in detail that must be made. The general system by which the name Flavius was restricted to definite categories of Egypt's population, with …
Victor, Son Of Psaios, And Three Aphrodito Rent Receipts, James G. Keenan
Victor, Son Of Psaios, And Three Aphrodito Rent Receipts, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
PSI VIII 935, a receipt acknowledging payment of rent for land near the village of Phthla, was published in 1927. The editor in commenting on the text sought to connect it with two other papyri, both of them Phthla land leases: P. Flor. III 281 (A.D. 517) and P. Cair. Masp. I 67113 (dating clause lost at top). A third, related land lease is P. Lond. V 1689 (527). These three papyri form a small archive not obviously integral to the main set of papyri issuing from Aphrodite (modern Kom Ischkaw) and preserved in the sixth-century archive of Flavius Dioscorus. …
R. Mayer, Lucan Civil War Viii, John F. Makowski
R. Mayer, Lucan Civil War Viii, John F. Makowski
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
This is a book review of R. Mayer's "Lucan Civil War VIII Edited with a Commentary."
Papyrology And Roman History: 1956–1980, James G. Keenan
Papyrology And Roman History: 1956–1980, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The papyri of the Roman Empire have not yet been subjected to the kinds of systematic scholarly enterprises to which the Ptolemaic papyri have been subjected. There is, for example, no comprehensive prosopography comparable to the Prosopographia Ptolemaica, and it is, I think, senseless to start one. What the student of the Roman imperial period has at his disposal is lists of assorted officials, functionaries, and military personnel. Among those compiled in the generation under discussion (1956-1980) there may be mentioned, by way of example, Bureth's collection of imperial titulatures; Mussies' supplement to Henne's 1935 listing of nome strategi; Reinmuth's …
Ptolemaic Account (P. Teb. 131), James G. Keenan, Michael Toumazou
Ptolemaic Account (P. Teb. 131), James G. Keenan, Michael Toumazou
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The papyrus is light yellow in color and well-preserved. The text of the front side of the papyrus is complete at top and bottom and on the left side. At its lower right it has suffered some losses, which presumably, though not with absolute certainty, correspond in proportion and extent to losses at the left of the reverse-side text. At 3.3 cm. from the left margin of the front page, which generally has horizontal fibers, ends the protocollon with its vertical fibers. Hence the present piece of papyrus was either cut from the beginning of a presumably used roll or …
Aurelius Phoibammon, Son Of Triadelphus: A Byzantine Egyptian Land Entrepreneur, James G. Keenan
Aurelius Phoibammon, Son Of Triadelphus: A Byzantine Egyptian Land Entrepreneur, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
It has since the early days of papyrology been noted, and hardly needs repeating before this assemblage, that the documentary papyri bring the scholar closer to the common man of antiquity than can ever be possible through the literary sources that have been transmitted through the medieval manuscript tradition. The papyri provide numerous, if scattered, unselfconscious testimonies to the everyday activities of life, while the literature tends to focus on the deeds and to reflect the biases of men of power, wealth and literary culture. An example of that truism, striking (paradoxically enough) because probably so ordinary, is furnished by …
On P.Oxy. Xxvii 2479, James G. Keenan
On P.Oxy. Xxvii 2479, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
P.Oxy. 2479 is an unusual document in that, while it concerns an ?vaixOYpacpoe yecopyo?, it does not fit into either of the two classes of documents to which mentions of evaTioypacpoi yecopyot are otherwise almost exclusively restricted ? sureties and receipts for parts of agricultural machinery. ' It is instead a petition to his landlord from an evajioypacpoQ yecopyo? who had absented himself from his farm for three years and who has now asked for re-instate ment. The body of the text is written, as the editor observes, "in a straggling sixth-century hand with a marked inclination to the right." …
Two Byzantine Papyri From The Michigan Collection, James G. Keenan
Two Byzantine Papyri From The Michigan Collection, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Purchased in the Fayûm in 1925, this papyrus contains the top part of a petition addressed by one Philoxenus possibly (far from certainly) to the governor of the province of Arcadia; see line 3 note. Surviving are (in part) the address (lines 1-4); a short proem (lines 5-8), virtually complete; and the beginning of the narrative of events leading up to the petition (lines 8-13). On palaeographic grounds I should be inclined to assign this piece to the sixth century. The address is written in a large, grand, up right hand, which decreases in thickness by the beginning and apparently …
From The Archive Of Flavius Eulogius And His Descendants, James G. Keenan
From The Archive Of Flavius Eulogius And His Descendants, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The trends in Byzantine papyrological documentation and the archival origin of much of the papyrus evidence for Byzantine Egypt were at the XIth International Congress of Papyrology subjects of an instructive discussion by Professor R. Remondon. Evidence for late Byzantine Egypt to no small degree consists of extensive archives of private origin, chief among these being the archives of Dioscorus of Aphrodito and of the Apiones of Oxyrhynchus. Study of these archives, the identifying of individual pieces as belonging to archives, and the reconstructing of smaller archives from scattered pieces are necessary and profitable fields of scholarly endeavor in Byzantine …
The Case Of Flavia Christodote: Observations On Psi I 76, James G. Keenan
The Case Of Flavia Christodote: Observations On Psi I 76, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Of the three periods into which the study of the Greek papyri from Egypt has been traditionally divided – Ptolemaic, Roman, Byzantine – it has become commonplace to note that the last named receives the least attention. An assortment of reasons has been offered to explain this lack of interest, including "un préjugé défavorable aux époques dites de décadence." But whatever the reason or reasons, and despite the truth of the commonplace, it is equally true that most of the Byzantine texts and archives have attracted at least some attention (much more rarely has the whole range of the Byzantine …
Oracula Mortis In The Pharsalia, John F. Makowski
Oracula Mortis In The Pharsalia, John F. Makowski
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Although it departs from epic convention in many ways, most notably in the rejection of the deorum ministeria, the Pharsalia adheres to tradition in the matter of oracles and contains three visitations to a seat of prophecy. Appius goes to Delphi (5. 67-236), Sextus Pompeius to the Thessalian witch Erichtho (6. 413-830), and Cato to the temple of Jupiter Hammon (9. 511-86). The obvious similarities of the situations invite comparison, but no one has as yet attempted to analyze them as a unit.' Such a study, however, will be fruitful because the three episodes have more in common than first …
F.M. Ahl, Lucan: An Introduction, John F. Makowski
F.M. Ahl, Lucan: An Introduction, John F. Makowski
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Frederick M. Ahl, well known to the scholar of Lucan through his recent articles on the Pharsalia, here undertakes to introduce the poet to a wider audience. He directs his work "to the Latinless reader as well as to the classicist." Both should welcome the effort, since even for the Latinist, Lucan's reputation has steadily declined from the time when Dante ranked him among the four great poets of antiquity. A book of an introductory nature has been long overdue, especially in the English speaking world where the last major study was Mark Morford's very fine The Poet Lucan.
A Papyrus Letter About Epicurean Philosophy Books, James G. Keenan
A Papyrus Letter About Epicurean Philosophy Books, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The J. Paul Getty Museum is housed in a successful recreation of the Villa dei Papyri in Herculaneum. Of the various types of artwork and artifacts bequeathed to the modern world by antiquity and now among the Museum's holdings, however, there was until recently a gap whose filling would have made the correspondence between the two buildings even more nearly complete. There were no papyri in the Museum's collection even though the original Villa was named after its rich library of papyrus rolls, containing mostly Epicurean texts. The first step to improve the situation in Malibu was taken by Mrs. …
Three Short Notes On Late Roman Documents From Egypt, James G. Keenan
Three Short Notes On Late Roman Documents From Egypt, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The observations printed below were made in the course of research on social mobility in late Roman Egypt conducted under a Summer Faculty Fellowship for 1976 from Loyola University Chicago.
Two Notes On P. Merton Ii 100, James G. Keenan
Two Notes On P. Merton Ii 100, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The papyrus now accessible as P. Merton II 100 was first edited by H.I. Bell as "A Requisitioning Order for Taxes in Kind," in Aegyptus, fasc.2 (1951) (Raccolta Vitelli), pp. 307-12, and subsequently reprinted as SB VI 9232. The document, written during the emirate of Jordanes (ca. A.D. 699-704), is dated 23 Phaophi of the thirteen indiction (21 October 699). Difficulties of decipherment are owed to the colors of the inks that were used (they fade into the color of papyrus itself), the frequent use of abbreviation, and the extreme cursiveness of the second hand (lines 5-8). Nevertheless, some improvements …
On Law And Society In Late Roman Egypt, James G. Keenan
On Law And Society In Late Roman Egypt, James G. Keenan
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Until recently, the Later Roman Empire was commonly judged to have been an age of severely restricted social mobility. Many individuals were bound to remain for life in their places of origin; others were compelled to take up their fathers' occupations or to perform services incumbent upon them by heredity. The traditional view, drawn largely from the evidence of the great imperial law codes, received its first broad challenge from Professor A. H.M.Jones, who on several occasions argued that society under the late Empire was actually more fluid than generally believed, even more mobile than it had been under the …
A Note On Lucan 8.860-1, John F. Makowski
A Note On Lucan 8.860-1, John F. Makowski
Classical Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works
As it now stands in current editions of Lucan, the sentence contained in 8. 860-61 makes little or no sense. In dealing with it editors have resorted to emendation and various manipulations of punctuation, while commentators and translators have unsuccessfully attempted to wrench some meaning out of it.' Two versions of these lines have gained overwhelming acceptance by editors of Lucan. The first reads es of manuscript U and takes Fortuna as vocative. Thus Hosius and Bourgery: "nunc es pro numine summo / hoc tumulo, Fortuna, iacens." The other version-and indeed the more popular of the two-reads est with manuscripts …