Classics Commons^™

The Necropolis Of Lattara: An Examination Into Gender, Socioeconomic, And Ethnic Identities In A Funerary Context Following The Roman Conquest Of Mediterranean Gaul, Heather Fusco

Student Publications

This paper investigated how material goods both represented and actively created ethnic identity, gender, and socioeconomic status in a funerary context during a colonial period. Relying on evidence collected from a Roman-period necropolis from Lattara in Mediterranean France, these results were then examined alongside funerary evidence from the necropolis of the nearby Iron Age settlement of Ambrussum to compare pre-Roman and Roman funerary practices. Specifically, within the two necropolises, the grave goods, inscriptions, and biologically sexed remains were the main points of comparison. This paper also utilized the ideas and concepts from the subdivision of funerary archaeology, as well as …

Leonardo’S Ancient Inspiration, Willem N. Roelandts

CAFE Symposium 2023

Investigating the hidden ancient inspiration in Leonardo de Vinci’s 'Battle of Anghiari' and it’s significance to the city of Florence. How and why Leonardo chose to incorporate Greco-Roman aesthetics into his art.

Desire In The Iliad: The Force That Moves The Epic And Its Audience, Rachel H. Lesser

Gettysburg College Faculty Books

This book is the first study to examine desire in the Iliad in a comprehensive way and to explain its relationship to the epic’s narrative structure and audience reception. It offers a new reading of the poem that shows how the characters’ desires, especially those of the mortal hero Achilleus and the divine king Zeus, motivate plot and keep the audience engaged with the epic until and even beyond its end. The author argues that the characters’ desires are primarily organized in narrative triangles that feature two parties in conflict over a third. A variety of desires animate these triangles, …

Secular Architecture: Domestic, Carolyn S. Snively

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

The geographic focus of this discussion of Byzantine domestic architecture, from the late fourth to fifteenth centuries, will be on the Balkans and Asia Minor. Although more dwellings exist than any other type of structure within a settlement or outside it, emphasis has often been on large public buildings or the peristyle house rather than the range of housing units and their multifunctional nature. Those who study domestic architecture tend to look at palaces and other grand and richly decorated structures; only recently has attention been paid to lower-class and rural dwellings.

The chances of excavation often dictate our knowledge …

Winning Hearts And Minds: Tactics Of Insurgency And Counterinsurgency In The Early Roman Empire, Wesley C. Cline

Student Publications

The most common strategy for "Romanizing" a province was through developing connections with elites in the indigenous society coupled with (in many cases) the inclusion of regional gods into the Roman pantheon. These ties were cemented as Romans adopted the provincial religious deities and the sons of prominent locals were sent to Rome for the finest education of the day. This system allowed for relative stability in the provinces, particularly when the Roman provincial governor was sensitive to local customs. What about those indigenous people whose goals conflicted with those of Rome? How does one combat a monolithic power with …

The Actions And Reactions Of Trajan And Decebalus: A Brief Reconsidering Of The Causation Of The Dacian Wars, Wesley C. Cline

Student Publications

While one camp of historians have followed the words of Cassias Dio, that Trajan began the war to avenge the defeats of his predecessor Domitian and put down the ever growing power of the Dacians and subsequently was forced to fight a second war which was inevitably for conquest, the other camp argues that Trajan aimed for military glory and sought to conquer Dacia from the onset of hostilities. Neither camp has yet to conclusively utilize Decebalus’ and Trajan’s actions as a way to definitively prove their argument. By analyzing these two military leaders’ orders and strategies, it becomes clear …

Review Of Arja Karivieri (Ed.), The Early Christian Basilica Of Arethousa In Macedonia. I: Production, Consumption And Trade, Carolyn S. Snively

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

This book is the first volume of a projected two-volume publication of the results of investigations in and around the basilica at the site of Paliambela near the modern village of Arethousa. It provides a great deal of valuable information about various aspects of the church and the settlement it served. The book is focused on production, consumption and trade, however, and says little about the architecture, mosaics, or liturgical implications of this intriguing church. [excerpt]

To Save A Soul? Analyzing Hieronymus Bosch’S Death And The Miser, Ryan Bilger

Student Publications

The Dutch painter Hieronymus Bosch remains to this day one of the most famous artists of the Northern Renaissance. His unique style and fantastical images have made him an icon beyond his years. Bosch’s painting Death and the Miser, now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., stands out as one of his most thematically complex paintings, packed with pertinent details and allusions to other works of his and those created by other artists. His inclusion of various demonic creatures, the figure of Death, and an angel and crucifix create a tense atmosphere surrounding the passing of the …

Within The Pillars Of Hercules, Grace L. Herron

Student Publications

The Kiona’s hull sliced neatly through the batting waves, her sails pulling forward with the ceaseless breath of the northwestern winds. The boards of the ship hummed beneath Carrice Leon’s feet, interlaced with the rhythmic beating of 170 oars against serene waters. In the distance, white spires were beginning to peak just above the starboard horizon, a shimmering beacon in the endless blue. They were making good time, despite the previous day’s storm. Carrice looked up to find the sun high in the sky. “Starboard side, in-oars!” Her voice boomed across the length of the deck, ringing clear over the …

Homeric Studies, Feminism, And Queer Theory: Interpreting Helen And Penelope, Rachel H. Lesser

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz and Amy Richlin’s Feminist Theory and the Classics (1993) and Barbara F. McManus’ Classics and Feminism: Gendering the Classics (1997) provided ground-breaking surveys of the feminist revolution in classical studies, and their work leads us to the question of the feminist impact on the study of Homer. In this essay, I review the contributions of feminist scholarship on Homer and explore queer theory as a new heuristic avenue for advancing the feminist interpretation of the Homeric epics. With this approach, I follow upon and revise McManus’ use of the concept of “dual-gendering” (a term that I employ …

Classics Department Newsletter 2017-18, Classics Department, Gailann Rickert, Carolyn S. Snively

Classics Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Wealth In The Pre-Roman Western Mediterranean: Pontós, Alorda Park, And Lattara, Colleen M. Maher

Student Publications

This paper focuses on discussing whether there were varying levels of wealth in three individual pre-Roman settlements in the western Mediterranean. The goal of this paper is to answer the question of if the different indigenous settlements of Pontós, Alorda Park, and Lattara in the Western Mediterranean experienced variable levels of wealth detectable via the archaeological remains of their prestige goods and houses in the last age or period of their occupation.

Spaces For Deposition Of Offerings In Early Byzantine Churches: Possible Sacristies At Golemo Gradište, Konjuh, Carolyn S. Snively

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

This paper is primarily a presentation of two recently excavated rooms in the 6th c. Episcopal Basili-ca at the site of Golemo Gradište, village of Konjuh. The location and furnishings of the spaces raise the possibility that they were used for the deposition of offerings, such as bread and wine for the Eucharist, by members of the congregation as they entered the church. Gifts of bread and wine immediately move the discussion into issues of liturgy. In order to set the church and these specific rooms in context and to avoid entanglement in difficult liturgical issues, some background will be …

Life—And Death—In The Late Antique City At Konjuh, Carolyn S. Snively, Goran Sanev

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

Death was a part of life, perhaps a frequent and highly visible aspect of daily life in a Late Antique town such as the anonymous city at Golemo Gradiste, village of Konjuh. The residents went about their daily activities of farming, crafts, food preparation, textile production, mining, and metallurgy The several skeletons found within the city, i.e., two children probably killed by falling debris and several cist burials on the northern terrace, indicate that death was frequent and familiar: for the residents of the city the threat of violent and unexpected death was always present.

Friends Of Musselman Library Newsletter Spring 2017, Musselman Library

Friends of Musselman Library Newsletter

From the Dean (Robin Wagner)

Library News

• "You do not have a minute to lose!"
• New Homes for Old Books
• Wikipedia Edit-a-thon (Melanie Fernandes '16)
• Share a Table (Sarah Nelson '17)
• A Note of Sadness (Jay P. Brown '51)
• Not Lost in Translation

Half a Million Downloads from The Cupola! (Janelle Wertzberger)

Revisit The Mercury

Mercury Stories of Note (Jerry Spinelli '63)

More Early College Publications Online

The Spectrum of Art

First German Print of the Declaration of Independence (Daniel DeNicola)

Hidden Beneath: Watermarks in the Early American Document Collection (Tyler Black '17)

Archaeological Students Dig Special Collections

Research Reflections …

Female Madness In Greek Tradition And Medicine, Caitlin T. Connelly

Student Publications

This paper considers the similarities and differences in Greek thought concerning female madness among both traditional views of madness and medical views. It identifies three broad types of female madness – Dionysian madness, most often associated with maenads and maenadism; desire-induced madness, associated with Aphrodite or Eros; and the medical views of madness of the Hippocratic Corpus, Plato, and other writers. Divinely-inspired madness was considered an assault on the individual from the outside, while the physicians considered madness to be an affliction from within. However, while desire-induced madness and medical madness were seen as the results of women avoiding men, …

Review Of "Homer's Iliad: The Basel Commentary, Book Xix", Rachel H. Lesser

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

Marina Coray’s commentary on Iliad 19, originally published in German in 2009, is part of the ongoing Basel commentary series on Homer’s Iliad, edited by Anton Bierl and Joachim Latacz. So far thirteen volumes of the series have been published in German, and five in English translation. Coray’s commentary is a work of great erudition and will be an indispensable resource for scholars of Homer. Here I focus on the utility of this slightly revised new English edition for anglophone readers at various levels, and consider how this commentary relates to and supplements Mark W. Edwards’ outstanding commentary on …

Virtus In The Roman World: Generality, Specificity, And Fluidity, Kyle W. Schrader

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

Virtus in the Roman world was often cited, by the Romans themselves, to be their defining attribute that allowed them to conquer the Mediterranean. Virtus’ meaning changed throughout the Roman Republic as different successful methodologies came into usage, and eventually the word virtus focused solely on those who were successful, rather than their own moral or practical character.

The Truth About Parmenides' Doxa, Christopher Kurfess

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

In a recent article in this journal, Néstor-Luis Cordero has offered an interesting account of how scholars may have been misreading Parmenides' poem for centuries, as well as some provocative suggestions on how to correct that misreading. He calls into question the prevalent notion of the Doxa as Parmenides' account of the phenomenal world, and he challenges the standard arrangement of the fragments that assigns lines featuring 'physical' topics to that portion of the poem. The 'Doxa of Parmenides', if that phrase is understood to imply that Parmenides himself embraced doxai of any kind is, Cordero claims, an imaginary …

Gettysburg Historical Journal 2016

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

No abstract provided.

Our Liberation And The Liberation Of Our Images: Friedrich Schiller And The Politics Of The Image, Peter W. Rosenberger

Student Publications

In this paper, I will compare the aesthetic philosophies put forward in Friedrich Schiller’s On the Aesthetic Education of Man and Plato's Republic. Using Schiller's more robust aesthetic philosophy and its political import, I will argue that the government of Plato's Republic would not create freedom for its citizens. Then, I will carry Schiller's aesthetics and politics forward to argue, using Freud and a number of thinkers who champion Freud’s work, that economic interests can also limit the freedoms of a nation's citizens. Finally, I will argue that Schiller's aesthetic philosophy can deliver a political freedom free from the state …

Imperial Electioneering: The Evolution Of The Election In The Holy Roman Empire From The Collapse Of The Carolingians To The Rise Of The Ottonians, Louis T. Gentilucci

Student Publications

The Holy Roman Empire had an electoral process for choosing the Holy Roman Emperor. The heritage of this unique medieval institution can be traced through from Charlemagne empire to the Ottonians. The Empire of Charlemagne had several serious problems that led to its collapse. In the wake of this collapse, the lords of Germany asserted their power and chose leaders for themselves. Between the fall of the Carolingians and the rise of the Ottonians, Germany moved toward an elected kingship with a ducal power base. Only when Otto I became emperor was there a marriage between the German electoral system …

Reflections On Reading Plato And Aristotle At Lancaster, Daniel R. Denicola

Philosophy Faculty Publications

While serving as a Visiting Fellow at Lancaster University, I was asked to lead an informal seminar on Classical Philosophy. It was to be a reading group of postgraduate students and staff, focusing on two foundational texts of Western civilization: Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. I happily accepted. The resulting two-hour, weekly sessions over Michaelmas Term were lively times of philosophical effervescence, full of probative questions, interesting interpretations, diverse evaluations, vigorous debates, and shared insights. Postmodernists engaged in the holy act of Interpreting the Text, we nonetheless strained to grasp the “true meaning” of the texts, to extend our …

The Rock-Cut Room On The Acropolis At Golemo Gradište, Konjuh: Date And Purpose, Carolyn S. Snively

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

The anonymous city at the site of Golemo Gradište at the village of Konjuh, R. Macedonia, belongs to the period of Late Antiquity; the evidence indicates that it was founded in the 5th century. The lower town on the northern terrace was reconstructed, probably during the second quarter of the 6th century, but the inhabitants abandoned it, for the most part, later in that century and fled for refuge to the acropolis, where a settlement continued to exist into the early 7th century. Earlier material, beginning with the Late Neolithic and continuing sporadically through Bronze Age to Hellenistic, has been …

Bridges, H. Paul Brown

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

This entry discusses the linguistic (prosodic) features of the Ancient Greek poetic phenomenon of the metrical "bridge," a position in a line of verse where a word division is either disallowed or strongly disfavored.

“Under The Seams Runs The Pain”: Four Greek Sources And Analogues For The Modern Monster In Anne Carson’S Autobiography Of Red, Joshua M. Carmel

Student Publications

This work seeks to explore the monster figure in its evolution from the Classical to the contemporary literary canons. Using Geryon, a three-headed and red-hued monster, as the central figure and Carson’s 1998 verse novel Autobiography of Red, it evaluates the underpinnings of the alienated “other” and attempts to shed light on its role in modern society.

Late Antique Residences At Golemo Gradište, Konjuh, R. Macedonia, Carolyn S. Snively, Goran Sanev

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

The systematic excavations that began at Golemo Gradište in 2000 were the first major, legal investigations on the site itself. Through survey of the site, researchers had reached a number of conclusions and hypotheses about lines of fortification walls, location of gates, and roads associated with the site. But almost nothing was known about the buildings or the internal arrangement of the site, and there were questions about dating. Therefore, both on the acropolis (2000-2004) and on the northern terrace (2005-present), the first step was to set trenches in several places, to investigate the architecture and the urban plan and …

Golemo Gradište At Konjuh: An Unidentified Late Antique City And Its Churches, Carolyn S. Snively

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

This article provides an overview of the city as we saw it in 2008. It gives a detailed discussion of the basilica found that year, with a postscript on discoveries in 2009.

Prometheus's Role Of The Poet, Sarah M. Connelly

Student Publications

This essay examines the characterization of Prometheus in the opening speech of Prometheus Unbound, by Percy Shelley, through the lens of Shelley’s “Defense of Poetry” in order to argue Prometheus’ existence as a poet. By giving humanity wisdom and bridging the gap between logic and compassion, Prometheus becomes the point from which imagination, beauty, art, and poetry stems. Prometheus’ role developed into a model of morality and love in contrast to the fear and spite of Zeus, whose influence is reflected in the evils of mankind. Yet, through the torturous reign of Zeus, Prometheus transcends his hate by retracting his …

The Episcopal Basilica, The Via Sacra, And The Semicircular Court At Stobi, R. Macedonia, Carolyn S. Snively

Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Faculty Publications

Stobi was the largest and best known city in northern Macedonia in Late Antiquity. Located at the confluence of the Erigon (modern Crna) and Axios (modern Vardar) rivers, now in the Republic of Macedonia, the city became the capital of the province of Macedonia Secunda in the second half of the 5th century. Bishop Budios from Stobi participated in the Council of Nicaea in 325, and several later bishops of the city are known. According to an inscription, Bishop Philip was responsible for the construction of his episcopal church.

The Episcopal Basilica at Stobi is the outstanding Early Byzantine church …