Chinese Studies Commons^™

A Friend Who Does Me No Good: Aphorism In Matteo Ricci’S On Friendship, Maximilian Chan Weiher

Asian Languages and Cultures Honors Projects

This paper argues that Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) designed his aphoristic compilation, Jiaoyou Lun 交友論–On Friendship (1595)–to serve the Jesuit mission of converting the Chinese to Catholicism and express the conflict he may have felt exploiting friends to forward the Jesuit mission. Utilizing friendships to allow for greater social influence was central to the Jesuit proselytization strategy in China. However, Ricci’s moral education from youth taught him to judge utilitarian friendships as immoral. The extant scholarship regarding Ricci’s On Friendship fails to acknowledge the significance of the aphoristic form to this work. To illuminate the value of aphorism …

'Taiwanization' In The Strait Conflict: Public Opinion's Effect On Peace Vs Conflict, Grant Smith

International and Global Studies Undergraduate Honors Theses

Since the election of Tsai Ing-wen, the Taiwan Strait Conflict has been rising in tension. Many scholars state that interdependence leads to peace; however, Taiwan and China extensively trade with one another, and peace has not occurred. To understand why the Taiwan Strait continuously suffers from conflict, one must explore mechanisms that can alter the effect of commercial interdependence on peace. In a democracy, this power would reside with the voting public. To understand why Taiwan’s trade relations have not led to peace, we must examine the Taiwanese public opinion. Most believe that peace has not come about because Taiwan …

Antioxidant Activity And Phytochemical Profile Of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts, Ashley Tai

Senior Honors Projects

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), specifically the extracts of Chinese medicinal plants, has been studied for thousands of years to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases. Our research group has initiated a program to systemically investigate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of a library of TCM medicinal plants. Herein, extracts of four commonly used TCM plants including broccoli (Brassica oleracea) seeds, horny goat weed (Epimedium brevicomu), houpu magnolia (Magnolia officinalis) bark, and golden root (Rhodiola rosea) were selected for this study. The antioxidant effects of these extracts were evaluated in a biochemical assay …

U.S.-China Trade War: Phase One Agreement And Self-Enforcing Contracts, Hameedullah Hassani

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Sino-American bilateral trade relations have increased significantly in the past four decades since China started its economic reforms in 1978. The bilateral expansion in trade has been accompanied by increased complexity and tensions, which emerged in the form of a trade war during the President Trump administration. After a series of tit-for-tat tariff increases, in an attempt to address concerns through negotiations, both sides reached a Phase One agreement. However, the commitments made in the agreement were not delivered. In my thesis, I use the “self-enforcing contracts” theory to analyze the status of Phase One deal. The examination indicates that …

Patterns Of Integration: A Network Perspective On Popular Religious Connections In China’S Lower Yangzi, 1150–1350, Song Chen

Faculty Journal Articles

The spread of cults from their original homelands in the Song dynasty (960–1279) created crisscrossing ties between local communities and fostered social and cultural integration in Chinese society that transcended class and geographic boundaries. Scholars have produced numerous case studies on these translocal cults and their implications, but the pattern of connections across space created by these cults is yet to be explored. Using the data collected from local gazetteers that have survived from the Southern Song and Yuan dynasties, this article takes a bird’s‑eye view of the spatial distribution of popular cults in China’s Lower Yangzi region between 1150 …

The Guangzhou Abolition Of Prostitution Movement And Thought In The Republic Of China From The 1920s To 1930s, Rui Li

Madison Historical Review

The 1920s and 1930s were the peaks of the abolition of the prostitution movement in Guangzhou during the Chinese Republican era. This paper will analyze articles from different sources of mass media and administrative reports of municipal government to restore public opinion and even specific measures to abolish prostitution in Guangzhou at that time. At the same time, the public opinion generated by different intellectuals and the actions taken by the Guangzhou city government to abolish prostitution is used to discuss the certainty of the existence of prostitution and the difficulties that would be encountered in abolishing it. In turn, …

從文化學視角探討《爾雅．釋天》, Yazhou Chuang

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

《爾雅》不僅是十三經之一，也是訓詁學鼻祖，文化百科全書的雛型。研究之道多端，文化學的探討是現當代較為新穎的一個議題。本論文秉承文化意識，以文化統整的方法，析論〈釋天〉一篇的文化內涵與文化意義。首節簡介《爾雅‧釋天》、文化學並檢討研究成果。次節分天文、曆法、氣候、災祥、禮儀五項，以科技文化、社會文化及地下出土文獻重新詮釋〈釋天〉內涵。第三節分天文曆法一體的宇宙觀、風調雨順的氣候觀、虛實並存的社會觀、天人合一的政教觀四項，闡發古人的思維模式，及其在現當代的意義。最後為結論。希望此一研究，能賦古典以新貌，為〈釋天〉的探討開一新局。

Erya is not only one of the Thirteen Classics, but also the originator of exegesis and the prototype of a cultural encyclopedia. There are many ways of research, and the discussion of cultural studies is a relatively new topic in modern and contemporary times. This thesis upholds the cultural awareness and uses the method of cultural integration to analyze the cultural connotation and cultural significance of "Shitian". The first section introduces Erya·Shutian, and cultural studies and reviews the research results. The second section is divided into five items: astronomy, calendar, climate, disaster and auspiciousness, and etiquette. The third section …

唐人稱引《周易》王、韓注側證 : 以《文選》李善注爲中心, Yongxin Gu

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

唐宋間《周易》文本經歷了最爲重要的一次遞嬗，即從寫本切換至刻本。本文以《文選》李善注所引《周易》王、韓注爲中心，參照約略同時的《後漢書》李賢注，以及稍晚出的官修類書《初學記》引文，同時參校宋刻《周易》經注本，以及敦煌唐寫本、陸德明《經典釋文·周易音義》、魏徵《群書治要》、李鼎祚《周易集解》、郭京《周易舉正》等唐代或唐前文本或異文資料，從而揭示唐人引文的特徵，並由此回溯唐代文本樣貌，進而探求唐宋《周易》文本遞嬗的規律性。唐人注解及類書引文大體上忠實於原文，基本上可以反映其所從出之底本的原始樣貌，雖然具有個性化和不穩定性的特徵，甚或經過一定程度的主觀改造。總體而言，唐宋《周易》文本具有穩定性和連續性，在從寫本時代進入刻本時代的遞嬗過程中大體保持統一，並未發生大的變易。

The text of The Book of Changes between the Tang and Song Dynasties experienced the most important evolution, that is, from manuscript to block-printed edition. This paper focuses on Wang and Han′s exegesis of The Book of Changes quoted by Li Shan′s anthology of Selected Works, and refers to Li Xian′ anthology of Post Han History and the official revision book Chuxueji, and collates the classical text & exegesis edition of The book of changes written in stone in the Song Dynasty, and Dunhuang manuscripts of the Tang, Lu Deming's Classic Interpretation, Wei Zheng's …

精微之教 : 陳淳學術與《四書大全》徵引內容考察, Feng-Yuan Chen

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

陳淳，字安卿，號北溪，朱熹紹熙元年（1190）任漳州知府，陳淳入於門下，朱熹先指點“根原”，後又提醒“下學”，傳授達於性天的日用之學，道德既是日常中驗之有得的結果，也是於義理當中詳審分判得來，以道與學為核心，道以顯學，學以入道，從而體現學術完整架構。朱熹與陸象山鵝湖之辯，朱熹採取含容兼取立場，陳淳則勇於與辯，同樣言“心”，陳淳依從朱學思考，“心”之所在，由根原而達於下學，理氣一貫。四書作為朱學要籍乃是朱門共識，然而陳淳以《近思錄》作為四書楷梯，乃是重申朱熹學術承濂洛之淵源而達於洙泗之正學，四書意義於茲而顯，盡其精微之思，成為《四書大全》援以印證朱學地位材料，轉為彰顯朱注價值、深化工夫內涵，擴大性命之教的詮釋內容，對於朱學地位確立，饒有推進作用。

Chen Chun, named Anqing, also known as Beixi, served as the prefect of Zhangzhou in the first year of Shaoxi (1190) and became a disciple of Zhu Xi. In the study of knowledge, morality is not only the result of daily experience, but also the result of detailed judgment and the study of right or wrong. With the “Tao” and learning as the centre of fucus, The “Tao” invovles learning, and learning leads to the “Tao”, So they complement each other. In the Ehu debate between Zhu Xi and Lu Xiangshan, Zhu Xi based himself on a number of …

蜀石經所見《周禮．考工記》文本管窺, Wanli Yu

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

唐石經被稱爲是“古本之終，今本之祖”。蜀石經是否與唐石經同祖太和舊本，以及蜀石經對後唐長興本、宋景德本以下有何影響，都是經典文本流傳中不可忽視的環節。以蜀石經《周禮·考工記》殘拓爲對象，從文獻和文字兩方面考察，推知蜀石經與開成石經同祖兼有經注的太和舊本，唯開成石經僅取其經文而略加校勘，蜀石經則兼取經注，故蜀石經注文大致是太和舊本的面貌；長興本注文是在太和舊本基礎上廣收衆本再經校勘的文本，所以與蜀石經注文有不小的差異，張��《石經注文考異》是其見證。蜀石經注文中略可窺見唐代太和本以前的一些影子，但其校勘粗疏，留下不少譌誤。

The Stone Classics of the Tang Dynasty are regarded as an important document which follows the early version and is the basis of the later versions. The following problems cannot be ignored in the circulation of Confucian Classics: First, whether the Shu 蜀 Stone Classics and Tang 唐 Stone Classics are both formed on the basis of the Taihe 太和 version or not; Second, what is the impact of the Shu Stone Classics on the later Tang Changxing 長興 version, the Northern Song Jingde 景德 version and other later versions? Focusing on the incomplete rubbings of the Shu Stone …

元十行本注疏今存印本略說, Lijuan Zhang

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

元十行本注疏今存印本頗為豐富，除數部元刻明修《十三經注疏》匯印本外，主要以單經流傳，各本補版印刷時間不一，不同傳本之間多有差異。本文搜羅網絡發佈的元十行本注疏全文影像及已出版影印本、書志、圖錄等資料，以經為單位，列舉元十行本各經不同時期代表性印本，梳理其版面特徵與印次關係，以供讀者選擇利用，並為圖書館編目工作之參考。

There are many existing printed copies of the Yuan dynasty Ten-Line Edition of Confucian classics in the world. Only a few Ming dynasty Revision of the Yuan dynasty Ten-Line Edition of the "Shisanjingzhushu" were printed and distributed in sets, most printed copies were distributed individually. There are differences between the various printed copies depending on the date when they were printed. This article compares the different images and records of the Yuan dynasty Ten-Line Edition of Confucian Classics and lists representative printed copies of each Confucian Classic from different periods, discussing their version characteristics and the relationship between them. …

惠周惕《詩說》的成書歷程, Suching Chang

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

惠棟是清代經學典範轉向「漢學」的關鍵人物，而惠氏家學有著作傳世始於惠周惕之《詩說》。這篇論文考察京都大學藏書《研溪先生詩說》寫本，從寫本的流傳談起，進而比較這部寫本和傳世通行本的差異。《詩說》從不分卷到分為兩卷，最後定三卷，定稿成書的關鍵期大約在康熙十六年至二十二年間。從初稿本到三卷本，增加了許多條目，而《國風》增加的條目尤其多，或潤飾文字，或增補文獻資料，或加強議論，而撰述旨意在初稿時已大致確定。惠周惕的文學與學術受汪琬影響，強調文章應根柢於經，無論鄭玄或朱熹，漢儒或宋儒，率皆博徵而考證之。《詩說》解經無所專主，且多以己意發明經義，實以通儒自期，尚未專宗「漢學」。

Hui Dong was the key figure in the Qing Dynasty study of the Classics. And the writings of Hui's family began with Hui Zhouti's Shi Shuo（詩說）. This paper examines the manuscript of Yanjixiansheng Shi Shuo（研溪先生詩說） in the Kyoto University Library book collection, starting with the circulation of the manuscript, and then comparing the differences between this manuscript and the popular version. The single volume of Hui Zhouti's Shi Shuo was first divided into two volumes, and finally three volumes. The key period for finalizing the book was about the sixteenth to twenty-second years of the Kangxi reign. …

《十三經注疏》的匯集、校刻與整理, E Wang

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

《十三經注疏》是儒家核心文獻。南宋初期，越州先刻八行注疏合刻本，後福建建陽刻“附釋音注疏本”，即宋十行本。元泰定間，翻刻宋十行本爲元十行本，遞經修補，形成元刻明修十行本《十三經注疏》，或稱十行本、正德本。元刻明修十行本板片壞缺，明嘉靖間，李元陽據以刻閩本，這是第一部名實相副的《十三經注疏》，監本、毛本、殿本、《四庫》本翻刻抄寫，校正是非，限於條件，仍有缺陷。清嘉慶間，阮元據元刻明修十行本，彙校眾本，補脫正訛，撰寫校記，於南昌府學刊刻阮刻本《十三經注疏》，兩百多年，風靡學界。近二十多年，《十三經注疏》數次整理，不無遺憾，方向東教授點校本以阮刻本爲底本，參校眾本，甚便閱讀。然欲整理出超越或代替阮刻本的《十三經注疏》，學界同仁，尚需努力！

Shi San Jing Zhushu is one of the core classics of Confucianism. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, the Ba Hang Ben version was first carved in Yuezhou, then the Fu Shiyin Zhushu Ben version was carved in Jianyang, Fujian province, under the name Song Shi Hang Ben. During the Tai Ding Period of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Shi Hang Ben version was carved as a reprinted edition of the Song Shi Hang Ben. Because Yuan Shi Hang Ben was repaired during the Zhengde Period of the Ming Dynasty, it was also called Shi Hang Ben or Zheng …

《儀禮》所見暫時性任務 : 兼評胡匡衷《儀禮釋官》, Guoliang Ye

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

《儀禮》所見人物活動，或有其固定性、經常性職務，亦有僅具暫時性任務者。所謂暫時性任務，其身分非屬職官，其任務時間不長，當任務結束，身分隨即消失，故謂之暫時性任務。此類任務《儀禮》所見非少，本文選取十要項述之，以見其餘。藉此可知胡匡衷《儀禮釋官》一書，對職官之認定、稱謂與分類，處理未甚妥切，有待商討。蓋《儀禮》禮典常見公私交錯，且兼有固定性職守與暫時性任務，倘讀者有此認知，允為得體。

Formal officials seen in the Yi Li had their fixed and regular duties. By contrast, there were also employees who had "temporary tasks", which were not official positions. The duration of the temporary tasks was brief, and at the end of the tasks, the title which went with it also ended, so it was called temporary tasks. Yi Li makes regular mentions of the temporary tasks. This article selects ten points for discussion. Judging from the above, Hu Kuangzhong's Interpretation of Officials in Yi Li may not be entirely accurate. The title and classification of officials, and the details …

The Personality And Psychology Of Chen Zi-Ang, A Fiery, Noble Warrior And Martyr (陳子昂烈士之人格心理), Xiao-Yu Chen

Student Publications

From the perspective of psychology, personality refers to the long-term, significant pattern in which a person perceives themselves while responding to others and the world. In the vast majority of situations, a person’s experiences at and before age twenty-five, in addition to their reactions to these situations, have a significant impact over their personality and psychology. In the vast majority of cases, the significant sources of these experiences are the substantial impacts of familial circumstances and early professional interactions, in addition to their broader social-historical worlds. Chen Zi-Ang the martyr was in the human realm for forty or forty-one years …

論《周禮》“以為民極”開展的民本思想, Suying Lin

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

從《尚書》已可見禹繼承堯、舜以來傳賢的概念，提出“民惟邦本，本固邦寧”的政治概念，正式開啟民本思想之先聲，也成為後代施政規劃所取法的核心。《周禮》即借用《尚書‧洪範》“建用皇極”的概念，在“惟王建國，辨方正位，體國經野，設官分職，以為民極”的全書宗旨中，將“以為民極”的民本概念視為施政者努力開創全民福祉的核心。由於以民為本的思想，主要藉由養民、教民、治民三大方面體現之，因而本文再分別從此三大方面體現其所開展的民本思想。最後，總結《周禮》以發展民生經濟奠定王朝的根基，再以德禮之教締造講求道德的社會團體，並以“五刑”輔助治理邦國，共同促成理想社會的達成。

Chinese people-oriented thought originated with the abdication stories of Yao (堯), Shun (舜) and Yu (禹). The political concept that “people are the basis of the state and the state will be tranquil if the basis is firm” in Shangshu (尚書, The Book of Ancient Documents), evolved into the central policy of s government of ancient China.

Taking the concept of Jianyonghuangji (建用皇極) from Hongfan (洪範) in The Book of Ancient Documents, Zhouli developed the idea of Yiweiminji which meant that the rulers should devote themselves to the welfare of all people.

This paper will shed light …

論《禮記．鄉飲酒義》坐位之義及其成篇之年代, Tzu-Pin Hsu

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

《儀禮·鄉飲酒禮》記述諸侯鄉大夫每三年在鄉學（庠序）舉行選舉賢能之禮，而《禮記·鄉飲酒義》則解說經文包含的“尊賢養老”之意及坐位背後的意蘊，二篇又構成事義相應的關係。《鄉飲酒義》以“象”說解賓、主、介、僎、三賓坐位的象徵意義。本文將記文放在《易傳》及《荀子》、《中庸》的思想脈絡中作考察，闡明與禮諸人的坐位之義，及其與天文、四時、仁義的對應關係，以及當中體現的將人道與天道融為一體的觀念。《鄉飲酒義》談及仁義、聖、禮、德等德目，以及仁氣、義氣說，實有自來，可與《孟子》及郭店楚簡《五行篇》等文獻聯繫起來。然則，《鄉飲酒義》既以儒為主，又摻雜了不少如陰陽五行思想，融各家於一體而翻出新貌。凡此，無不反映篇中展現的晚周以後儒者的特點，其成書年代自可據以推知。

The Meaning of the Community Wine-drinking Ceremony aims to make interpretations of the Community Wine-drinking Ceremony. According to the traditional account, The Meaning of the Community Wine-drinking Ceremony was written by Confucian scholars from the Chunqiu period through early the Han period and was subsequently edited by Dai Sheng 戴聖. However, some modern scholars claim that there are allegedly primitive and mysterious thoughts contained in the text, which suggests that it was composed much earlier. Through careful contextualization, this paper seeks to reveal the relationship between the philosophical implications of the seating plan of the community wine-drinking ceremony …

由“子”入經 : 從清華簡《繫年》重探《左傳》的源流與定位, Kam Siu Cheung

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

2008年7月，清華大學入藏一批戰國楚簡，其中有一篇文獻，整理者命名為《繫年》。《繫年》全篇共138支簡，分23章，共3875字。由於與傳世文獻，特別是《左傳》有不少可以互校互補的材料，《繫年》經整理後，在2011年以《清華大學藏戰國竹簡(貳)》整冊出版，即引起各界關注。十年以來，學者在文字釋讀、語料分析、史事考證、文獻比勘等方面取得了可觀的研究成果。在釐清文本細節與時代特徵後，《繫年》作為一種在年代與內容皆可以與《左傳》直接比擬的先秦史類文獻，對其文獻性質的釐訂，可以為探論《左傳》在漢魏經學化以前的源流與定位，提供一個嶄新而有效的參照角度。本文之撰，首先通過對讀《繫年》與《左傳》，從二者在敘述立場與撰作目的的差異，考訂《繫年》作為當時楚國貴族教本的文獻性質，並以此為基礎，從先秦王官之學到諸子之學的學術脈絡，重探《左傳》在歸入經部以前的學術源流與定位。

Xinian (String of Years) is the most notable excavated historical manuscript from the state of Chu. Since its publication by the renowned Tsinghua University (China) in 2008, most scholars have expended their efforts in character identification, linguistic analysis, historical reconstruction, and textual collation. The results are indeed impressive. After confirming the date of its composition and its content, a further step could be taken to compare it with the Zuozhuan, one of the fountainheads of Chinese historiography contemporaneous with Xinian. Such a comparison, this article argues, could help us understand the nature, the prehistory, and the early …

Poetic Theory And Practice In The Ming And Qing Dynasties : Poetry : The Pain Of Loss And The Pleasures Of Everyday Life, Grace Fong

How to Read Chinese Poetry Podcast

In this final episode, we will first listen to the “Song of Suffering Calamity” by the woman poet and scholar Wang Duanshu (1621-ca. 1680), narrating her flight from the invading Qing army during the Ming-Qing transition. We will conclude with two examples by women among the many poems in the Ming and Qing that record quotidian pleasures and reflections on daily life. Whether pain and loss or pleasure and joy, men and women in late imperial China inscribed their emotions and thoughts in poetry.

Poetic Theory And Practice In The Ming And Qing Dynasties : Poetry As Autobiography, Grace Fong

How to Read Chinese Poetry Podcast

An outstanding development in this period is the practice of writing poetry as autobiography, as the record of a life story. We will discuss the life-long collection of over 1000 poems by an eighteenth-century woman poet to illustrate her poetic self-construction.

Poetic Theory And Practice In The Ming And Qing Dynasties : Poetic Theory And Practice In The Ming And Qing, Grace Fong

How to Read Chinese Poetry Podcast

The Ming, and especially the Qing, witnessed the unprecedented spread of writing poetry among literate men and women in the history of imperial China. This episode introduces the influential theories of poets, such as Yuan Mei’s “native sensibility” (xingling), which promoted naturalness and personal expression over formal learning and ethical concerns, thus encouraging the common practice of poetry.

Song Poems (Sanqu) Of The Yuan Dynasty : Poetry Of Rambunctious Wit And Impudent Humor, Xinda Lian

How to Read Chinese Poetry Podcast

The carefree playfulness presented in Wang Heqing’s poem “On the Big Butterfly” tells us much about the cultural milieu of the time when the sanqu flourished, and reminds us of the genre’s origins in streets, marketplaces, and entertainment quarters.

Song Poems (Sanqu) Of The Yuan Dynasty : The Art Of Tongue-In-Cheek : Two Love Songs By Two Great Dramatists, Xinda Lian

How to Read Chinese Poetry Podcast

The two love songs—authored by Guan Hanqing and Bai Pu respectively—present humorous dramatic moments in a lively language of everyday speech.

Song Poems (Sanqu) Of The Yuan Dynasty : The Power Of Poetic Imagery, Xinda Lian

How to Read Chinese Poetry Podcast

Using a cluster of carefully chosen images, Ma Zhiyuan’s “Autumn Thoughts” invites readers to identify themselves with a weary traveler, a “heartbroken man at the end of the earth.”

Illuminating Chinese Aesthetics With Kant’S Account Of Genius? Possibility And Difficulty, Kefu Zhu

Comparative Philosophy

Many scholars interpret Chinese Aesthetics with the Kantian theory of genius because they seem to form a parallel: similar innate and spontaneous mental talents that exceed normal cognition and imagination generates beautiful arts with similar extraordinary qualities. I argue that projecting Kant’s genius to illuminate the creative power analogically, i.e., the carefree-wandering mind, is infeasible. The theory of genius assumes a critical project that stipulates a valuable way to exercise the power of judgment. Genius is only a postulated idea for successfully making aesthetic judgments on artworks. In contrast, the carefree-wandering mind assumes a Daoist metaphysical-ethical theory centering on the …

Dreaming Philosophers: The Daoist And The Metaphysician, Kelly S. Inglis

Comparative Philosophy

Is this just a dream? Daoist philosopher Zhuang Zi and metaphysician Descartes both considered this question but came to very different conclusions. In his Dream Hypothesis, Descartes imagined that all of his beliefs about the external world could be mistaken, which led him to the realization that the only thing that he could be certain of was his own existence: “I think therefore I am.” But what am “I”? “I am a thinking thing”, he said and concluded that the existence of one’s mental self is clear, certain and indubitable, while the existence of a physical world was open …

Word Segmentation And Reading Comprehension Among Advanced Learners Of Chinese, Helen H. Shen, Dexin Dai

Languages and Intercultural Studies

This study investigated college Chinese a second language learners’ word segmentation error patterns in reading instructional-level Chinese sentences, the relationship between word segmentation errors and reading comprehension, and learners’ perspectives on the role of word segmentation in reading comprehension. The results showed that the learners made five types of word segmentation errors. Four of these types moderately correlated with reading comprehension. The survey data showed that most learners considered word segmentation skills important in reading comprehension. This perception became stronger as the learning level advanced. The learners suggested that three factors hindered them from performing accurate word segmentations.

Long Song Lyrics (Manci) Of The Song Dynasty : Li Qingzhao : Singing Her Autumn Sorrow, Xinda Lian

How to Read Chinese Poetry Podcast

A master of tune and sense, Li Qingzhao knows how to bring out her almost unspeakable inner feeling through her skillful employment of the ci form, the music of words.

Long Song Lyrics (Manci) Of The Song Dynasty : Su Shi : Meditation On The Past, Xinda Lian

How to Read Chinese Poetry Podcast

Su Shi does not only expand the subject matter of the ci poetry, but also gives his song lyrics a genuine personal voice, an unambiguous autobiographical tone as that found in the shi poetry.

Long Song Lyrics (Manci) Of The Song Dynasty : Liu Yong’S Use Of Leading Words (Lingzi), Xinda Lian

How to Read Chinese Poetry Podcast

Thanks to his innovative use of leading words (lingzi), Liu Yong creates a multilayered structure for his poetic description and narration, which allows him to explore time and space, to involve things both far and near, to relate the parts to the whole, and to weave what is outside with what is inside.