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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 1527
Full-Text Articles in Art and Design
Co-Creation Framework To Develop And Situate E-Textiles With Indigenous Crafts, Chhail Khalsa, Pranshu Kumar Chaudhary
Co-Creation Framework To Develop And Situate E-Textiles With Indigenous Crafts, Chhail Khalsa, Pranshu Kumar Chaudhary
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This study is part of an ongoing project in the domain of craft and technology called Anuvad. This paper discusses the value and challenges of collaborating with traditional indigenous artisans as co-designers and technical collaborators. After establishing a premise, this paper discusses the findings of a study conducted in person with the artisans in a remote village in India called Bhujodi. This paper discusses the power of creating interactive artifacts through craft by closely collaborating with artisans. The outcome is an interactive textile art frame that works as a music synthesizer. Through this study, we tried to develop experimental e-textile …
The Role Of Data An Intuition In Ux Design, Jonas Frich, Boyeun Lee, Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen
The Role Of Data An Intuition In Ux Design, Jonas Frich, Boyeun Lee, Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper explores the role of intuition in the adoption of data-driven ap-proaches in design within the broad domain of user experience design. To better understand the relationship between intuition and data-driven approaches, we conducted a mixed methods study entailing a qualitative exploration (n=10) of the challenges and opportunities professional designers face when working with data-driven methods, such as potential creativity constraints, knowledge gaps, tool deficiencies, collaboration difficulties, and ethical concerns. We then question whether these challenges stem from the intuitive nature of design work and the types of individuals it attracts and investigate this question using a quantita-tive online …
Guiding Design Students To Sound-Driven Design From The Base Camp Of Semiotics, Rosana Sanz-Segura, Eduardo Manchado-Pérez
Guiding Design Students To Sound-Driven Design From The Base Camp Of Semiotics, Rosana Sanz-Segura, Eduardo Manchado-Pérez
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The lack of knowledge in the field of sound-driven design lags our educational efforts to teach BSc students about the role of sound in current design process methodologies. Teaching programs rarely include subjects dedicated to creating a coherent experience using data-to-sound strategies, sound informativeness, or the interactions that users have with product sounds. Understanding sound at the same level as other sensory cues prepares students to enrich the usability, attractiveness, and communicative qualities of products, services, and systems. This contribution aims to provide an integrative and multidisciplinary perspective of sound-driven design through the adaptation and application of the ‘Design Framework …
Relational Workshopping: Co-Designing A Placemaking Approach To Urban Governance, Milagros Hurtig, Brita Fladvad Nielsen
Relational Workshopping: Co-Designing A Placemaking Approach To Urban Governance, Milagros Hurtig, Brita Fladvad Nielsen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Participatory Placemaking is increasingly implemented by European cities as a methodological framework to achieve more sustainable ways for urban development. However, there is a clash between the flexible, dynamic, and communicative nature of participatory placemaking and the static, slow, and bureaucratic nature of the implementing institutions. The starting point of this study where two research questions: What communicational challenges arise when participatory placemaking is implemented by city officials in specific urban contexts? And how can design tools play a role contributing to the relational dynamics of placemaking? This article explores these, while simultaneously discussing the role design tools can play …
An Eye-Tracking Experimental Study On The Influence Of Background Visual Effects On Consumer Purchase Behavior In Live Streaming Sales, Ruo-Qiao Zhao, Tseng-Ping Chiu
An Eye-Tracking Experimental Study On The Influence Of Background Visual Effects On Consumer Purchase Behavior In Live Streaming Sales, Ruo-Qiao Zhao, Tseng-Ping Chiu
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Live streaming sales have emerged as a prominent trend in global retail, following the COVID-19 pandemic.This study aims to investigate the influence of different forms of background in live streaming sales on consumer purchase behavior through eye-tracking experiments. The study involved 25 participants (15 males). Four distinct background conditions were implemented. The obtained results were analyzed and discussed based on the affordance theory and context effect theory.The findings revealed that under the original background condition, participants tended to primarily focus their attention on the product. In the absence of a background, participants exhibited the longest gaze duration on the product …
Transition Towards Automatic Passenger Boarding Bridge: Themes Of Task Delegation For Autonomous Airport Operations, Jeongha Joo, Garoa Gomez-Beldarrain, Euiyoung Kim, Himanshu Verma
Transition Towards Automatic Passenger Boarding Bridge: Themes Of Task Delegation For Autonomous Airport Operations, Jeongha Joo, Garoa Gomez-Beldarrain, Euiyoung Kim, Himanshu Verma
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Automation technology can bring numerous benefits to manual labor in organizations. However, in practice, disentangling how the evolving automated systems will transform human roles remains challenging, necessitating further exploration of task delegation regarding which tasks can (or can’t) be delegated to automated systems. Building on prior research, our study investigates the perspectives of operators and decision-makers involved in automation projects, specifically focusing on Passenger Boarding Bridges in airport airside operations. By conducting six in-depth interviews, we identified twelve themes that emerged across four dimensions, highlighting practical considerations for task delegation between humans and automated systems. The empirical findings indicate that …
A Co-Design Approach To Aesthetic Customization Of Prosthetics, Icaro Ibanez- Arricivita, Alethea L. Blackler, Maria A. Woodruff, Levi Swann, Abigail Winter
A Co-Design Approach To Aesthetic Customization Of Prosthetics, Icaro Ibanez- Arricivita, Alethea L. Blackler, Maria A. Woodruff, Levi Swann, Abigail Winter
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The symbolism of prosthetic limbs has predominantly been about restoring function. However, for prosthetic wearers, symbolism expands to include psychosocial meaning, which has been expressed in prosthetic customizations, collaborations, and artistic explorations. Therefore, an opportunity exists for designers to understand how psychosocial symbolism can be elicited and translated into pros-thetic visual and aesthetic language. The objective of the paper is to develop personalized prosthetics that reflect the principles and convictions of the individuals utilizing them. We conducted a co-design process with three Paralympian amputees to explore and visually represent the psychosocial meanings attached to their prosthetics. The results demonstrate how …
Starting From Scraps: Design Reuse Assessment Of Waste Materials, Nikoline Sander, Linda N. Laursen, Brian Lau Verndal Bak, Emil Damgaard-Møller
Starting From Scraps: Design Reuse Assessment Of Waste Materials, Nikoline Sander, Linda N. Laursen, Brian Lau Verndal Bak, Emil Damgaard-Møller
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Material waste from manufacturing poses substantial challenges. European compa-nies generate more than 2.2 billion tons of waste annually. The utilization of already circulating resources plays a vital part in reducing the use of raw materials. The state-of-the-art methodology for designing from waste outlines a linear process with three phases: optimization, analysis, and design. However, there is limited un-derstanding of the critical leap from analysis to designing with waste. Considering the co-evolutionary nature of design activity, it may not be efficient to separate these stages. In fact, research states design outcome is improved when problem-solution co-evolve. This study examines the process …
Indicators For Evaluating Service Design Inclusivity In The Healthcare Sector: A Review Of The Literature, Marco Petazzoni, Sabrina Bresciani
Indicators For Evaluating Service Design Inclusivity In The Healthcare Sector: A Review Of The Literature, Marco Petazzoni, Sabrina Bresciani
DRS Biennial Conference Series
To foster a culture of inclusive care and patients-centred solutions in the healthcare sector, being able to assess the inclusivity of services is an essential step for enhancing the design and improvement of services. What are the key indicators of inclusive service design in the healthcare sector? Based on insights from the field of the built environment, a thematic analysis of the literature on service design in the context of healthcare, psychology, and public service design is conducted. Indicators extracted from the literature are structured into four categories: physical, sensorial, cognitive, and psycho-social, and according to two phases: service design …
Love. The Forgotten Dimension For Just And Democratic Ai Futures, Meike Hardt, Nazli Cila, Pieter Desmet
Love. The Forgotten Dimension For Just And Democratic Ai Futures, Meike Hardt, Nazli Cila, Pieter Desmet
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Addressing the widespread use of AI-driven decision-making systems in public spheres, in this paper we advocate for the integration of love as both a virtue and an affection within the discourse of participatory practices in AI design and development. Based on an analysis of justice, the need to shift the focus to love will be highlighted. Furthermore, we introduce two directions love could play during AI design: (1) love as an epistemological design inquiry to question the conventional knowledge structures in design by integrating embodied and experiential knowledge, and (2) love as a political design inquiry to challenge unjust systems …
Story Seeds: Creating Interactive Narratives For Visitors Of Outdoor Heritage Sites, Saad Ahmed Maqbool, Debbie Maxwell
Story Seeds: Creating Interactive Narratives For Visitors Of Outdoor Heritage Sites, Saad Ahmed Maqbool, Debbie Maxwell
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The lack of interpretation when considering the outdoor cultural heritage sites has the potential to limit the engagement and educational potential of these sites, as well as presenting a missed opportunity for visitor engagement. We pre-sent an approach that explores the development of interactive stories specific to users that documents their journey through a physical site via a tangible artefact – The Abbot’s Book. We describe the Research through Design process, which in-cluded interviews with Museum and Heritage experts, and the creation of two design prototypes that acted as probes to explore the potential to provoke emo-tional, empathetic relationships with …
Empowerment Of People With Disabilities Through Collaborative Making: Exploring User Involvement In Designing And Adapting Assistive Products, Koray Canlar, Çağla Doğan
Empowerment Of People With Disabilities Through Collaborative Making: Exploring User Involvement In Designing And Adapting Assistive Products, Koray Canlar, Çağla Doğan
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This study investigates the extent of the empowering effects of making and collective production activities on people with disabilities and the assistive products they use. The universal and participatory design approaches intend to empower people with disabilities, but how a person with a disability can be empowered, and the requirements for it are highly dependent on the individual and the context. The research utilizes the elements of The Empowerment Theory to assess the resulting empowerment of participants’ making-related experiences. Semi-structured interviews and participant observations were conducted to understand the role of making and collective production activities in enabling the participation …
Framing Transitions: Scenarios And Design For The Strategic Redirection Of Companies Within Planetary Boundaries, Estelle Berger, Pierre-Baptiste Goutagny, Caroline Nowacki
Framing Transitions: Scenarios And Design For The Strategic Redirection Of Companies Within Planetary Boundaries, Estelle Berger, Pierre-Baptiste Goutagny, Caroline Nowacki
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper provides experience feedback from a French consortium gathering academic and industrial partners, to produce quantified scenarios for 2060 that will serve to redirect companies within the frame of planetary boundaries. This setup constitutes a field for action research in design, together with strategic foresight, sustainability, and human and social sciences. Our paper presents the epistemological and methodological choices made, reports on the first year of the project (qualitative scenario-building), and the issues met. We propose in particular to discuss the tension between global societal evolutions driven by macro trends, and the situated processes of transformation initiated by the …
Becoming Microbes: An Approach To Cultivating Microbial Sensibilities In Biodesign, Jiho Kim, Raphael Kim, Joana Martins, Elvin Karana
Becoming Microbes: An Approach To Cultivating Microbial Sensibilities In Biodesign, Jiho Kim, Raphael Kim, Joana Martins, Elvin Karana
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Microbes assume an indispensable role in design, given their inherent adaptability, functional diversity, and abundance. Yet, designing with microbes presents notable challenges for biodesigners, stemming from, for example, the distinct temporalities and scales of microbes. Conversely, cultivating microbial sensibilities—reflecting human comprehension and alignment with the distinctive characteristics of microbes—stands out as a unique potential of biodesign for fostering a deep connection between humans and other living entities. In response, we present the concept of “becoming microbes”, a philosophically grounded approach advocating for a non-anthropocentric stance in biodesign, aiming at immersing biodesigners in the realms of microbes with a fresh perspective …
Re-Imagining And Reaffirming Design Pedagogy In Response To Generative Ai Tools, Roger Whitham, Naomi Jacobs, Paul Coulton, Glynn Stockton, Joseph Lindley
Re-Imagining And Reaffirming Design Pedagogy In Response To Generative Ai Tools, Roger Whitham, Naomi Jacobs, Paul Coulton, Glynn Stockton, Joseph Lindley
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper considers how we can adapt HE design pedagogies in response to the emergence of generative AI (GenAI) tools. We focus on the authors’ own HE institution and describe our work through the first half of 2023 to understand the impact of these tools on how our students approach their work, and to adapt our design pedagogies in response. This paper includes accounts of student attitudes to these tools, and the outcomes of our own experimentation with contemporary GenAI tools (ChatGPT4, MidJourney5). We identify 12 challenges for design pedagogy that span assessment, student learning and teaching deliver which our …
Exploring Human-Centered Design Method Selection Strategies With Large Language Models, Vivek Rao, Yuanrui Zhu, Timothy Yang, Euiyoung Kim, Alice Agogino, Kosa Goucher-Lambert
Exploring Human-Centered Design Method Selection Strategies With Large Language Models, Vivek Rao, Yuanrui Zhu, Timothy Yang, Euiyoung Kim, Alice Agogino, Kosa Goucher-Lambert
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In human-centered design (HCD) projects, designers select and use a variety of design methods in pursuit of a desired outcome. Given the prominence of method selection in designer behavior, what distinguishes a design team’s method selections from design method selection based on frequency or probability? To explore this question, we compare HCD methods suggested by the publicly-available large-language model, GPT-3.5, to 402 novice design team method selections over five offerings of a design projectbased learning course at a large public university. We observe that GPT-3.5 appears to represent design method knowledge held in method repositories like theDesignExchange well. We also …
Reframing Design Maturity: A New Perspective On The Development Of Design In Public Organizations, Geert Brinkman, Ahmee Kim
Reframing Design Maturity: A New Perspective On The Development Of Design In Public Organizations, Geert Brinkman, Ahmee Kim
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Although design is a core activity of public organizations, the dominant perspective to this day is that public organizations are void of design. Existing design maturity models based on this perspective thus do not reflect, nor do justice to the practice of design in public organizations. In this conceptual paper we therefore propose to reframe design maturity as a matter of versatility and alignment - i.e. as an organization’s ability to tailor their design activities to the different design tasks it faces, while establishing productive interactions with other concurrent design activities. This offers a new perspective on how design can …
New Interest-Based Social Action As A Design Approach For Youth Community Reconfiguring In The Post-Pandemic Era, Haoyu Dong, Jun Zhang
New Interest-Based Social Action As A Design Approach For Youth Community Reconfiguring In The Post-Pandemic Era, Haoyu Dong, Jun Zhang
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The pandemic has led to increased social distancing and feelings of depression among youth, a significant shift from their previous engagement in activities that enhanced their social skills and community involvement. With the easing of the pandemic, youth re-engaged with their social contacts and skills by participating in new interest-based activities, such as urban camping and frisbee sports. However, the process of how these activities foster youth social behavior changes remains under-explored. This study investigates how emerging interest-based activities facilitate youth social behav-ior and community identity, providing guidance for youth community design. Through a cross-disciplinary sociology-design framework, the "Youth Social …
Power Signifiers: The Subtle Forms Of Power In Design Practice With Marginalized Craft Communities, Seher Tabasum Mirza
Power Signifiers: The Subtle Forms Of Power In Design Practice With Marginalized Craft Communities, Seher Tabasum Mirza
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper discusses how craft practice may offer empowerment strategies for critically reflective spaces, that allow for social transformation, using the case of traditional textile communities of women in rural Pakistan where development opportunities are limited. It uses the reflective practice of its design researcher, to explore established power relations, and search for new dialogues that build meaningful relationships for creating new forms of power in interrelated social, development and design contexts. This practice-based discussion contends with the embedded layers of power arising from social constructs and those extending beyond. A combined methodology, ‘Power Signifiers’ is presented as a critically …
The Mentor Archetype: Female Character Design Trends In Contemporary Feature Film Animation, Gabriela Sá, Paula Tavares, Heitor Alvelos
The Mentor Archetype: Female Character Design Trends In Contemporary Feature Film Animation, Gabriela Sá, Paula Tavares, Heitor Alvelos
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Archetypal images transcend cultures and time, being easily recognized, and absorbed by worldwide audiences. Thus, understanding how archetypal meaning is conveyed through design is undoubtedly a useful tool for character designers in the animation industry. Because popular animated films often target culturally diverse audiences worldwide, stereotypes and archetypes are often used to communicate a character’s identity and narrative role quickly and effectively. This paper presents trends of representation of the Mentor archetype found in female character design, from thirty popular and contemporary animated feature films. These trends emerged through a process of data collection and analysis. By mapping the current …
Embodied Experience Of Exoskeletons, Emese Papp-Schmitt, Christian Wölfel, Jens Krzywinski
Embodied Experience Of Exoskeletons, Emese Papp-Schmitt, Christian Wölfel, Jens Krzywinski
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The significance of occupational exoskeletons is increasing, offering relief and improving well-being for physically demanding tasks. Existing adoption frame-works reveal crucial factors for development (like wearing comfort and task fit) and implementation (such as familiarization time and organizational perspective). How-ever, physical aspects are addressed primarily through ergonomics. As exoskeleton technology inherently involves the body, the user's perception and experience are tied to bodily experiences. Further research is needed to understand the human-exo-skeleton interaction comprehensively and explore how the user experience unfolds and how the exoskeleton's and user's characteristics influence each other. Our con-tribution, a conceptual framework leveraging established frameworks of …
Designing Temporal Ecologies: Reframing Multispecies Temporalities Through Design, Larissa Pschetz, Maike Gebker, Susanne Wieland, Michelle Bastian
Designing Temporal Ecologies: Reframing Multispecies Temporalities Through Design, Larissa Pschetz, Maike Gebker, Susanne Wieland, Michelle Bastian
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In Western industrialised societies, the times of humans and of other species are often considered as belonging to different realms. While human life is regarded as progressive and accelerated, other species are seen as following cyclical, slow changing timescales. These narratives neglect the multiple interconnections between human and other-than-human times and contribute to increasing temporal mismatches across species, with consequences for environmental and biodiversity loss. In this paper, we use design examples generated through an interdisciplinary workshop to discuss opportunities for design to expand notions of time in more-than-human ecologies. Drawing from the Temporal Design framework and the notion of …
Adelaide’S Graphic Heritage: The Quintessential “Contested” Colonial City, Robert Harland
Adelaide’S Graphic Heritage: The Quintessential “Contested” Colonial City, Robert Harland
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Adelaide, the state capital of South Australia, is a quintessential colonial city. However, in the land colonial settlers called Australia, colonialism demeaned notions of Country in a physically and politically contested space. New approaches have been called for to reconsider Australia as a shared space that places high value on indigenous identity. From within a context that challenges us to think about how Country and culture might be envisioned, designed, planned, and implemented, this paper reports on a hypothesis about how the concept of graphic heritage can be applied to enhance sustainable development in this South Australian setting. Building on …
Relationality In Design: What Can Be Understood?, Isaac Arturo Ortega Alvarado
Relationality In Design: What Can Be Understood?, Isaac Arturo Ortega Alvarado
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper addresses the inclusion of relationality as a concept in design. Relational-ity is primarily brought into design from adjacent disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, where the concept helps understand aspects of kinship, care, and belonging. The concept is also infused with elements of associative thinking. The paper narratively reviews examples of relationality in literature from design-related scholarly discourse. The literature sample covers papers addressing relationality through case studies or conceptual calls for practice change. The results from this review provide three understandings of relationality: 1) The utilitarian that unpacks social relations as an epistemic and functional source …
Developing A Methodological Framework For Sustainability Transitions In The Built Environment, Alise Plavina, Tommy Kleiven, Ida Nilstad Pettersen
Developing A Methodological Framework For Sustainability Transitions In The Built Environment, Alise Plavina, Tommy Kleiven, Ida Nilstad Pettersen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Transitions towards sustainability involving technological, social, behavioural, institutional, and organisational change are urgently needed to address the complex environmental and societal challenges. While the built environment has a considerable environmental and social impact, design scope for sustainable architecture has been primarily limited to reducing the environmental impacts of individual buildings. To achieve net-positive natural and social outcomes for the built environment there is a need for more systemic approaches and design methodology that allows to reframe the task of design from solving isolated problems to contributing to system transformation. The article reviews transformational, systems-oriented process models and associated tools developed …
Learning In Place: Reimagining Design Practice As Ecological Literacy, Nick Logler
Learning In Place: Reimagining Design Practice As Ecological Literacy, Nick Logler
DRS Biennial Conference Series
What does it mean to practice design in a world without human beings at its center? How can designers take meaningful action in a world in crisis? In this paper, I present initial findings from an experimental month-long immersion in a place humans and more-than-humans meet—a coastal wildlife refuge in the northeastern United States. I report on my experience in the field (notes, observations, and photos), reflections on my trajectory as a designer and researcher in the refuge, my evolving understanding of what it means to design with a more-than-human lens, and how my search for meaningful action led me …
Passageways And Portals: A Comparative Analysis Of Transition Spaces In Physical, Digital, And Virtual Environments, Seulgi Sylvia Kim, Anijo Punnen Mathew, Zach Pino
Passageways And Portals: A Comparative Analysis Of Transition Spaces In Physical, Digital, And Virtual Environments, Seulgi Sylvia Kim, Anijo Punnen Mathew, Zach Pino
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This study explores transition spaces across physical, digital, and virtual environments. From hallways to digital loading screens and virtual portals, these spaces serve as cognitive buffers, aiding users in navigating environmental shifts. Our comparative analysis reveals consistent human experiences across diverse environments, while also identifying distinct attributes of each transition space. We identify two main categories: transition-focused spaces, which emphasize efficient movement, and experience-focused spaces, which offer richer, immersive experiences. We also identify four core transition types: Environmental, Perspective, Identity, and Sensory transitions. Experience-focused spaces, such as lobbies and VR gathering areas, play a pivotal role in facilitating identity transitions. …
Coastliners Lab: Mapping For Environmental Spatial Justice At The Water’S Edge, Gokcen Erkilic
Coastliners Lab: Mapping For Environmental Spatial Justice At The Water’S Edge, Gokcen Erkilic
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Coastliners Lab is a trans-media critical mapping practice that focuses on the border conditions of bodies of water and how they shape socio-material processes of human and environmental relations in urban and extra-urban settings. The lab works with a deep cartographic layering of aerial photographs, historical maps, news reports, video footage, field notes, interviews, and more to explore embodied map-making methods that define new roles for design toward spatial justice. It highlights agencies and political ecologies underlying the contested anthropogenic impacts on the margins of transforming landscapes. Istanbul’s political and ecological struggles with the surrounding bodies of water have been …
Isolating And Addressing Theoretically-Grounded Limitations From The Rapid Translation Of Interaction Design Across Media Platforms, Rebecca Planchart, Mitchell Dunning, Matthew Peterson, Cesar Delgado, Karen B. Chen
Isolating And Addressing Theoretically-Grounded Limitations From The Rapid Translation Of Interaction Design Across Media Platforms, Rebecca Planchart, Mitchell Dunning, Matthew Peterson, Cesar Delgado, Karen B. Chen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Designers must frequently work rapidly under deadlines to produce minimum viable products (MVPs) in collaboration with other disciplinary experts. While results may be good enough for now, it is important that limitations of hasty work are not codified as permanently acceptable design solutions. A method called function mapping has previously been shown to aid in the translation of theoretically-derived functions across media platforms, where functionally equivalent products may need to appear superficially dissimilar, thus complicating true equivalency. Here we demonstrate function mapping’s efficacy at the threshold between MVPs and revisions. We use function mapping to explain the process of translating …
Design And Latin America: Exploring Materiality And Imaginary In Design Education, Pamela Marques, Manuela Andrade Abdala
Design And Latin America: Exploring Materiality And Imaginary In Design Education, Pamela Marques, Manuela Andrade Abdala
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper recounts the delivering of the course Design and Latin America: delinking and decolonizing, at University of Brasília. Such experience is in tune with the recent emergence of academic research on the imperativeness of addressing coloniality, and the need to sulear design practice in Latin America. Starting from a brief introduction to Latin American history and social thought, and from an understanding of design as the production of life, discussions were held on the potential of unconventional creativity for nurturing critical consciousness in the field, while acknowledging concrete and subjective power relations. For the development of virtual practical activities, …