Other American Studies Commons^™

Caddo Ceramic Vessels From The Hatchel Site (41bw3) On The Red River In Bowie County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This monograph concerns the analysis and study of the ancestral Caddo ceramic vessels (n=68) recovered at the Hatchel site (41BW3) on the Red River in Bowie County, Texas. These vessels were excavated from burial and non-burial features in the platform mound, village areas, and cemetery areas (burial plots 1-4) excavated by University of Texas archaeologists during 1938-1939 Works Progress Administration (WPA) investigations. The vessels are curated at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas (TARL).

The Bert W. Davis Site (41hp3) On The South Sulphur River In Hopkins County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Bert W. Davis site in the South Sulphur River valley in East Texas was investigated by archaeologists from the University of Texas (UT) in 1919 and 1934, because an aboriginal cemetery had been exposed by plowing and later looting. The UT work consisted of a reconnaissance by J. E. Pearce in September 1919 and trenching by A. T. Jackson and crew in July 1934. A small assemblage of artifacts were recovered by UT during this work, but the collection (now at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at UT) had never been fully studied or the results of the work …

The Goss Farm Site (41fn12) On Bois D’Arc Creek, Fannin County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Goss Farm site (41FN12) is an ancestral Caddo settlement on an alluvial landform on the west side of Bois d’Arc Creek near its confluence with the Red River. The Sanders site (41LR2) lies east of the Goss Farm on Bois d’Arc Creek; the Goss Farm site is likely part of the same ancestral Caddo settlement as the Sanders site. The recovered artifacts from Goss Farm strongly suggest that the occupations there are culturally related to that of the Sanders site.

In August 1930, B. B. Gardner of the University of Texas conducted limited archaeological investigations at the site. He …

The Westerman Mound Site (41ho15), Houston County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Westerman site is located in the middle Neches River basin in the Pineywoods of East Texas. The site, first recorded in 1969, is on an alluvial terrace lying between Armstrong Creek to the south and Cochino Bayou to the north; these are eastward-flowing tributaries to the Neches River.

The site has a single earthen mound and an associated settlement that is estimated to cover ca. 10-15 acres; there are several areas at the site where aboriginal artifacts were noted at the surface, on each side of the mound. The mound, which was well preserved when it was visited in …

A Titus Phase Midden Mound At The Earl Jones Farm (41wd3) In The Lake Fork Creek Basin, Wood County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Earl Jones Farm site is one of a number of Late Caddo period, Titus phase (ca. A.D 1430-1680), sites along tributaries of Lake Fork Creek in the upper Sabine River basin in East Texas, nor far from Quitman, the county seat for Wood County. This includes sites such as J. H. Reese (41WD2), L. L. Winterbauer (41WD6), 41WD19, 41WD44, Pine Tree (41WD51), Burks (41WD52), and Steck (41WD529) with habitation features, midden deposits, and family cemeteries.

The T. M. Joslin Site (41vn3) In The Sabine River Basin, Van Zandt County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The T. M. Joslin site (41VN3) is a multi-component prehistoric site that was investigated by the University of Texas (UT) in September 1940 as Works Progress Administration (WPA) Project No. 15409. The excavations began immediately after the UT WPA crew had finished work at the nearby Yarbrough site (41VN6). The site is on a sandy knoll on Caney Creek, a northward-flowing tributary of the Sabine River in the Post Oak Savannah of East Texas.

Supervised by William A. Duffen of UT, a crew of 16 local laborers excavated a 100 x 100 ft. block (30.5 x 30.5 m) on the …

The Joe Meyer Estate #1 Site (41sm73) On Saline Creek In The Upper Neches River Basin In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Joe Meyer Estate #1 site (41SM73) is an ancestral Caddo settlement and cemetery on an upland landform west of Saline Creek, a southern-flowing tributary of the Neches River in the upper Neches River basin. In the spring of 1957 members of the East Texas Archeological Society (ETAS), including John Mulligan, Sam Whiteside, Derrell Sanders, and Jowell Proctor, had located the site and commenced excavations. The site had substantial midden deposits as well as Caddo burial features.

W. A. Davis and E. Mott Davis of The University of Texas visited the site in April 1957, took notes on the burial …

The L. L. Winterbauer Site (41wd6), Wood County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The L. L. Winterbauer site (41WD6) is an ancestral Caddo habitation site in the Lake Fork Creek basin in the Post Oak Savannah of East Texas (Figure 1). It is situated along a small tributary stream that flows west into Lake Fork Creek, itself a tributary to the Sabine River, about 1.5 miles west of Quitman, the county seat of Wood County. The recovered artifacts from the investigations of the Winterbauer site indicate that the site was occupied during the Late Caddo period Titus phase, dated generally between ca. A.D. 1430-1680.

The Lafitte Mound Site (41sy15) In The Middle Sabine River Basin, Shelby County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Lafitte site (41SY15) is an ancestral Caddo mound center in the middle Sabine River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods. It was identified and recorded in the early 1960s during the course of archaeological surveys of then proposed Toledo Bend Reservoir.

41hs144, A Middle Caddo Period Settlement And Cemetery In The Sabine River Basin Of East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Site 41HS144 is a Middle Caddo period (ca. A.D. 1200-1450) settlement and cemetery in the Sabine River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods. The site was excavated by collectors, including Mr. Red McFarland, a well-known collector and looter of Caddo burials, in the mid-1970s. McFarland provided to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL) basic information on the site and the cultural features that he and other collectors found there, and he also donated to TARL a collection of recovered artifacts. This article is an analysis of the available records and collectors from 41HS144.

The Keasler Site (41hs235), A Titus Phase Cemetery In The Little Cypress Creek Basin, Harrison County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Keasler site (41HS235) is a Late Caddo period, Titus phase (ca. A.D. 1430-1680) cemetery in the East Texas Pineywoods. The site was excavated by collectors in the late 1970s, including Red McFarland, one of the more active looters of Caddo burials in East Texas. Minimal records on the burials at the site, and their contents, were provided by McFarland to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas (TARL).

The Keasler site is near Little Creek, a northward-flowing tributary to Little Cypress Creek. It is perhaps one of the easternmost-known Titus phase cemeteries in East Texas, in …

41ho70 On Stowe Creek In The Upper San Pedro Creek Basin, Houston County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Site 41HO70 in the East Texas Pineywoods is an ancestral Caddo settlement that was extensively looted by a well-known East Texas looter in 1985. The available information about the site discussed in this article is gleaned from the records and a 1986 artifact collection held by the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL).

An Examination Of Six “Nutting Stones” From East Texas For Plant Phytoliths, Mark Walters, Steven Bozarth, Thomas H. Guderjan

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this article we report on an examination of six nutting stones from East Texas sites as well as an exploratory examination of their possible functions. “Nutting stones” have long been presumed to have been used prehistorically for crushing nuts such as hickory, etc. as foodstuffs. In fact Davis described them as being:

A small flat stone, usually made of limestone, sandstone or other sedimentary types of rock which could be carried by hand. The flat surface may have one or more ground or pecked cups of various sizes, shapes and depth. It is postulated that they were used for …

The Coker Mound (41cs1) In The Sulphur River Basin Of East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Coker Mound site (41CS1) in the lower Sulphur River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods is one of the few known earthen mounds constructed by ancestral Caddo peoples in the Sulphur River area. The site was first investigated by the University of Texas (UT) in 1932, then revisited in 1949 by archaeologists surveying the flood pool area for the then proposed Lake Texarkana (now Lake Wright Patman). In the 1990s, collectors began to excavate in a mound at the Coker site (there may be as many as four mounds at the site), where they encountered a number of Caddo …

The Stover Lake Site (41bw8) On The Lower Sulphur River, Bowie County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Stover Lake site (41BW8) is an ancestral Caddo cemetery and habitation site on a natural alluvial rise in the Sulphur River floodplain, about 1.6 km east of the Lake Wright Patman dam. In 1961-1962, several collectors excavated at least 19 Caddo burials at the site and also gathered a collection of sherds from habitation contexts. Notes on the burials and their funerary offerings were provided by the collectors to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL), and 390 ceramic sherds and one stone gorget from non-burial contexts were donated to TARL by one …

The Forest Mound Site (41ce290) On Larrison Creek, Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Forest Mound site (41CE290) is an ancestral Caddo site on a sandy knoll on an alluvial terrace of Larrison Creek, a southward-flowing tributary to the Neches River in the East Texas Pineywoods. Raymond Ring, an avocational archaeologist, found and investigated the site in 1962, and amassed a small collection of ceramic sherds and one arrow point that he subsequently donated to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL).

The Frank Murphy Farm Site (41an48), Anderson County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Frank Murphy Farm site (41AN48) is a Late Caddo period, Frankston phase occupation in the upper Neches River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods. The site was investigated by University of Texas (UT) archaeologists in 1935.

41sm32 On Little Saline Creek In Smith County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Thaker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A review of early trinomial numbers for sites located in Smith County in East Texas indicated that between 1938 and 1943 Jack Hughes identified and collected from at least 37 sites listed on the Texas Historic Site Atlas. From 1938 to 1941 his site locations randomly occur throughout the County; interestingly there are no sites recorded in 1942. In 1943 he recorded about 14 sites along Black Fork Creek and its tributaries, this being mostly west of the City of Tyler.

The primary purpose in reviewing the available archaeological information about these early recorded sites was to re-visit selected sites …

Titus Phase Ceramic Vessels From The W. L. Willeford Farm, Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The W. L. Willeford site (41UR5) is a Late Caddo period Titus phase cemetery of unknown size. It is in the Little Walnut Creek basin, and Little Walnut Creek is a southward-flowing tributary to Little Cypress Creek in the East Texas Pineywoods.

Some time prior to 1930, Caddo vessels had been exposed by erosion at the site, and other vessels were plowed up in 1930. University of Texas (UT) archaeologists led by B. B. Gardner excavated at the site in July 1931, but found no burials. The UT archaeologists purchased Caddo vessels from the landowner, along with three elbow pipes, …

Prehistoric Sites In The Sabine River Valley In Northeastern Smith County, Texas Timothy K. Perttula And Mark Walters, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In the winter of 2003, the junior author completed archaeological survey investigations of a small area of the Sabine River valley in northeastern Smith County in the East Texas Pineywoods. The work consisted of limited surface collections and shovel tests, and four archaeological sites were found during the work. The sites are about 2.4-3.0 km south-southwest of the Early Caddo period Boxed Spring mound site (41UR30) on the north side of the Sabine River.

Two of the archaeological sites (41SM307 and 41SM308) are situated on alluvial landforms in the Sabine River valley at elevations of ca. 280-290 ft. amsl. The …

The J. M. Snow Site (41ce8) In The Neches River Basin, Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The J. M. Snow site (41CE8) is an ancestral Caddo habitation site and probable small cemetery in the Pineywoods of East Texas. According to Jackson, the site had two habitation areas along the bank of an old channel of the Neches River, each some 300 m from an area where the landowner found 8-10 ceramic vessels from one or more burials that had eroded into a ravine. A Bullard Brushed jar was purchased from the landowner.

One of the habitation areas had a well-preserved midden deposit about 4.6-7.6 m in diameter and ca. 46-76 cm in thickness. University of Texas …

Ceramic Petrographic Analysis Of Sites 41cp71, 41bw2, 41bw5, And 41sm442, Northeast Texas, David G. Robinson, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A total of 61 ancestral Caddo ceramic sherds from four village sites in Northeast Texas were studied by ceramic petrographic methods in 2014. The sample sherds were excavated from their sites under controlled conditions and were either archived at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (41BW2), Stephen F. Austin State University (41CP71), or remain in private hands (41SM442). Recently, they were selected for combined petrographic and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), although only the sherds from the Alligator Pond site (41SM442) have actually been submitted and analyzed by INAA at this time. This combination …

Crevice Interments Deconstructed, Stephen L. Black, M. Katherine Spradley, Michelle D. Hamilton

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The discovery of two well preserved human crania in a crevice overlooking a spring fed creek near Austin, Texas, led to medico legal, archeological, and bioanthropological investigations aimed at understanding the context and biological affinity of the crania. Archeological excavations uncovered no evidence that the crania were interred in the crevice during prehistoric times. Skeletal analysis showed they were of Native American ancestry. Radiocarbon dating indicated they are contemporary to one another and probably date to the seventh or eighth century A.D. Measured stable isotopic rations of carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) …

Intensive Archeological Survey For The Proposed City Of Pflugerville Carmel-Sorento Interceptor Line And Force Main Relocation, Travis County, Texas, Haley Rush

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August and September 2015, an intensive archeological survey was completed in order to inventory and evaluate archeological resources within the footprint of proposed wastewater improvements east of Pflugerville in northern Travis County, Texas. The proposed improvements would occur along segments of two separate lines: an interceptor line and a re-routed segment of a previously analyzed force main line. The archeological area of potential effects (APE) includes the footprints of both segments, which cover a total area of approximately 6.2 hectares (ha) or 15.4 acres (ac). The interceptor line is approximately 2 miles or 3.2 kilometers (km) long and the …

Short Report On The Intensive Archeological Survey Of The City Of Austin’S Burleson Road Pressure Conversion Travis County, Texas, Gregg Cestaro, Shannon Smith, Keith Faz, Josh Haefner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Hicks & Company archeologists, working on behalf of K. Friese + Associates and the City of Austin (COA), recently conducted an archeological survey supplemented with shovel testing in undisturbed locations for the COA’s proposed Burleson Road Pressure Conversion project (Figure 1). According to current design plans, pipe will be installed through open-cut trenching with a northern terminus at East Riverside Drive and a southern terminus at Burleson Road within a 10 meter-wide construction corridor. From its northern terminus, the proposed alignment follows Grove Boulevard southward to Montopolis Drive, for an approximate distance of 1,355 meters. After which, the proposed alignment …

Archeological And Bioarcheological Investigations At Campbell’S Bayou Cemetery Galveston County, Texas, Catrina Whitley, Steven M. Hunt, Bill Hersch, Sharlene Allday, Duane E. Peter, Michelle Wurtz Penton, Karissa Basse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the removal of individuals buried within Campbell’s Bayou Cemetery (41GV171) to avoid potential impact to the remains during implementation of remediation activities at the Malone Service Company Superfund Site (Site) in Texas City, TX. An oil recovery and waste processing facility had operated at the Site for more than 30 years, ending in the mid1990s. The facility had stored, processed, and disposed of industrial solid wastes and hazardous wastes. In July 2012, a group of companies known as the Malone Cooperating Parties (MCP) entered into a Consent Decree with the U.S. Government, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, …

Archeological Resources Survey Of The Proposed Waco Riverwalk Extension (Phase 2a), Waco, Mclennan County, Texas, Joel Butler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the results of an archeological resource survey along a 0.66-mile segment of the proposed extension of the Waco Riverwalk, bridging the gap between Franklin Avenue and McLane Stadium, along the Brazos River in Waco, Texas. The survey was conducted in compliance with the Antiquities Code of Texas under Permit No. 7429. Archeologists from AmaTerra Environmental, Inc. (AmaTerra) visually inspected the entire Area of Potential Effects and excavated nine shovel tests in support of the survey. One archeological site was discovered as a result of the survey (41ML308), which is recommended as ineligible for listing as a State …

Bexar County Courthouse Monitoring/Restoration, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa, Jason B. Perez, Paul Shawn Marceaux

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In October 2014 and February 2015, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted archaeological monitoring of the construction associated with Main Street, next to the Bexar County Courthouse, Bexar County, Texas. The archaeological investigations and construction monitoring were conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit No. 7065 with Dr. Paul Shawn Marceaux serving as the Principal Investigator and Antonia Figueroa as the Project Archaeologist.

The goal of archaeological monitoring was to identify any historical properties or features that might be present in the project area. To achieve this goal, a CAR staff …

Cultural Resources Surveys Conducted During August 2015 Central Eagle Ford Zone Gonzales, De Witt, Karnes, And Wilson Counties, Phil Schoch, Reign Clark, Ron Ralph

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the month of August 2015, Goshawk Environmental Consulting, Inc. (Goshawk) conducted four cultural resources surveys within the Eagle Ford Play, Central Eagle Ford Zone at the request of EOG Resources, Inc. (EOG). The projects subjected to cultural resources investigations were the Winwood Unit #1H and #2H Access Road, Manchaca Unit #5H, #6H, #7H, #8H, #9H, and #10H Flowlines, Winona Unit #14 Gas Lift Line, and Allman-Fleetwood Unit Gas Lift Line. Unless otherwise noted, each Area of Potential Effect (APE) was a 75-foot (23-meter [m]) wide right-of-way (ROW) consisting of a 50-foot (15-m) wide permanent easement and a 25-foot (8-m) …

Cultural Resources Surveys Conducted During August 2015 South Eagle Ford Zone Atascosa, La Salle, And Mcmullen Counties, Phillip Schoch, Reign Clark, Ron Ralph

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the month of August 2015, Goshawk Environmental Consulting, Inc. (Goshawk) conducted one cultural resources survey within the Eagle Ford Play, South Eagle Ford Zone, at the request of EOG Resources, Inc. (EOG). The project area, the proposed Cuellar Unit Waterline, was subjected to cultural resources investigations. The Area of Potential Effect (APE) was a 75-foot (23-meter [m]) wide Right-of-Way (ROW) consisting of a 50-foot (15-m) wide permanent easement and a 25-foot (8-m) wide temporary construction easement. Investigations were conducted by Goshawk staff archeologist Phil Schoch with Bear Aspra. Phil Schoch served as primary author and Reign Clark served as …