Other American Studies Commons^™

Recent Work At 34pa341 In The Brushy-Peaceable Watershed, Don R. Dickson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In October 1993, Historic Preservation Associates (HPA) conducted Phase II assessments at several sites in SCS Impoundments 26 and 29 in the Brushy-Peaceable watershed, Pittsburg County, Oklahoma. Timothy C. Klinger acted as principal investigator; field director was Don R. Dickson. Most sites had been seriously disturbed by rodent activity and recent erosion. 34PS341, however, was located on a high terrace of Gardner Creek, did not seem to be as disturbed, and appeared to possibly represent a single Caddoan occupation.

In April 1994, the HPA team excavated an additional 14 1x1 m units in the northeastern part of the site, an …

A Probable Spiroan Entrepot In The Red River Valley In Northeast Texas, Frank Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In 1931, twenty-one graves at an obscure site on the edge of the Eastern Woodlands yielded an astonishing concentration of Mississippian prestige goods:

4 conch shell cups 21 shell gorgets 5,500 shell beads ca. 200 Olivella beads 26 freshwater pearl beads 2 copper-stained siltstone earspools 2 polished sandstone elbow pipes l negative-painted bottle 2 Mississippi Valley-style "bean pots"

In 1933, larger concentrations of similar goods were found at Spiro. But Sanders was 150 mountainous miles from Spiro (Figure l) and the domestic assemblages at both sites were unknown, so Sanders was not considered a Spiroan site. In 1946, Krieger made …

Prehistoric Lithic Procurement Sites: A Vanishing Resource, Don R. Dickson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Unfortunately, many archeologists are unaware of the rapidity with which these lithic procurement sites are being destroyed. Since many of them are located in areas not usually associated with prehistoric sites, such as on elevated ridges or in mountain settings often far from water, they are not monitored regularly by archeologists and often eliminated or damaged without scientific notice of such damage. For example, when I visited the Peoria Quarry in 1992 to obtain samples of the raw material, I discovered that over 90 percent of the site had been destroyed by leveling the ground for several houses. Later, in …

Caddoan Archeological And Historical Workshop For The Caddo Tribe Of Oklahoma In Support Of Their Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act Grant, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

As part of the Native American Graves Protection Act (NAGPRA) grant recently received by the Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma, the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma requested that a professional archeologist (Timothy K. Perttula) conduct an ambitious three-day hands-on archeological and historical training session for tribal members, particularly members of the Caddo Repatriation Committee, in February 1995. The focus of the training session is to familiarize members of the Caddo Tribe in the identification of Caddo material culture (ceramics and lithics, as well as other types of artifacts found on habitation sites and in burial contexts), in learning the locations and …

Excavations At Mission San Jose Y San Miguel De Aguayo, San Antonio, Texas, Robert J. Hard, Anne A. Fox, I. Waynne Cox, Kevin J. Gross, Barbara A. Meissner, Guillermo I. Mendez, Cynthia L. Tennis, Jose E. Zapata

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report details an archaeological study of Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo conducted during the spring and summer of 1993. The study was undertaken by the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio, in accordance with a contract between the National Park Service (owner) and Cox/Croslin and Associates (sponsor). The principal research objective focused on determining the extent of impact the planned visitors' center construction and improvements would have on the mission's Spanish colonial features. Backhoe trenching, shovel testing, and unit excavations were used in the areas to be impacted by the …

Exhumation Of A Hero, Colonel Ben Milam, Milam Park Renovation, Phase I, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the last part of 1992 and the beginning of 1993, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio monitored the initial stages of Phase I renovation and construction at Milam Park, New City Block 330. The work for this stage consisted of the removal of portions of an existing wall, ground preparation and leveling in the center of the park, construction of the footing for the new kiosk, and grading for a construction access ramp from Houston Street. Additionally, the excavation of three 4-x-20-ft backhoe trenches was monitored 1 in an attempt …

Excavation In A Historic Cemetery Milam Park Renovation Phase Ii, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Phase n of archaeological investigations at Milam Park in downtown San Antonio, Texas, were conducted by staff members from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio. This project consisted of shovel tests and monitoring of all excavations connected with construction and renovation activities at the park. Shovel tests were dug prior to ground alterations to assess the amount of recent fill dirt covering the historic surface of the park.

The assessment allowed identification of areas of the park that might be sensitive to construction impact. This information was used by the San Antonio …

Archaeological Testing Of 41bx1131 At O.R. Mitchell Dam, Bexar County, Texas, David L. Nickels, Aric Kertis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research contracted with the Simpson Group to conduct testing of 41BXl131, a prehistoric archaeological site located at the base of O. R. Mitchell Dam, on Medio Creek in southwest Bexar County. The purpose of testing was to determine whether or not the site would be impacted by construction of a spillway in the immediate area.

A pedestrian survey identified the extent of surface scatter. Subsequent shovel testing and backhoe trenching determined that the site had no depth, and consisted of a surface scatter only.

Documentation Of The San Pedro Acequia (41bx337) At Trevino Street, San Antonio, Texas, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research entered into a contract with the San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department to provide monitoring for the Trevino Street improvements immediately to the north of San Fernando Cathedral in downtown San Antonio. Previous investigations had shown that the stonelined San Pedro acequia existed at the curb line on Main Avenue.

Monitoring was conducted as the street surface was removed and, as expected, the acequia was exposed. The location of the acequia was documented by photography and measured drawings. A plan map of the location was produced and archival research revealed the history …

An Archival Search For The Alamo-Concepcion Aquaduct, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In June 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio undertook an archival search for the San Antonio Water System to evaluate the impact of construction along South Alamo Street in downtown San Antonio. Previous research indicated the probable remains of a stone aqueduct below the street surface near the intersection of South Alamo and South St. Mary's streets.

The results of this study indicate that the historical structure may be imperiled by the construction; therefore, monitoring should be conducted during any excavation in that area. If any traces of the aqueduct are encountered, …

An Archaeological Assessment Of 47 Acres At Friedrich Park In San Antonio, Texas, Jeffrey J. Durst

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From May 24, 1995 to June 20, 1995, the Center for Archaeological Research conducted a cultural resources survey of 47 acres owned by the San Antonio Parks and Recreation Department. The survey covered three parcels of property adjoining the existing Friedrich Wilderness Park located on Milsa Road in northern Bexar County, Texas.

As a result of surface examination and subsurface testing, CAR has determined that no further investigations are recommended for Areas A and B. In Area C, where a historic house site is located, three alternative recommendations are offered, depending on future plans of the Parks and Recreation Department.

Historical Archaeology In Downtown San Antonio, Texas: An Evaluation Of Properties At The Proposed Via Downtown Park And Ride Facility, C. Britt Bousman, Anne A. Fox, Kevin J. Gross, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

VIA Metropolitan Transit is proposing to build a Park and Ride Facility near downtown San Antonio immediately east of Interstate Highway 37 in an area bounded by Crockett, Center, and Walnut Streets, and IH 37. Starting in the 1850s this area has been traditionally inhabited primarily by African-Americans. A review of previous archaeological investigations in the downtown area of San Antonio revealed a gap in knowledge concerning African-Americans in San Antonio.

Individual lot evaluations indicate intact archaeological materials may survive in certain areas. If these areas are to be impacted then additional archaeological evaluations would be needed to accurately assess …

An Archival And Archaeological Study For The Relocation Of Three Historic Homes In Hemisfair Park, San Antonio, Texas, Edgar D. Johnson, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research contracted with Kell Munoz Wigodsky, Inc., to undertake an archival study of Hemisfair Park. Three historic standing structures will be moved to three vacant lots in the park. Archival research demonstrated that two of the three structures - the Wietzel and Amaya houses - were the first buildings on the lots, while the third structure - the O.K. Bar - was in place by 1896 and was the first substantial structure on the lot. The Wietzel and Amaya houses will be moved to lots that have never had buildings. The O.K. Bar will be moved …

Archaeological Survey Of Upper Leon Creek Terraces, Bexar County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis, Robert J. Hard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In June and July 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted an archaeological survey on a 147-acre tract of land along Leon Creek in northern San Antonio for Pape-Dawson Engineers. The archaeological work was needed for compliance with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers permit requirements before construction of a water storage facility.

Four archaeological sites (41BX40, 4IBX47 , 4IBX48, and 4IBX50) had been recorded within this area in 1970 by avocational archaeologists. Additionally, CAR staff members conducted a brief reconnaissance over a 60-acre portion of the property in 1992. …

Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge: Continued Archeological And Historical Research At El Capote Ranch Community, Hidalgo County, Texas, Douglas K. Boyd, Andres Tijerina, Karl W. Kibler, Amy C. Earls, Martha Doty Freeman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Phase II cultural resources investigations for the Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge currently under construction in Hidalgo County, Texas, were conducted by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. in September 1993 and June 1994. The work included additional survey and documentation of seven historic sites, testing and evaluation of three sites, archival and oral history research on the former Hispanic community of EI Capote, and collection of additional geoarcheological data. The seven historic sites (4IHG162-41HG168) represent former nineteenth- and twentieth-century housesites within EI Capote. Due to a lack of integrity, it is recommended that all seven sites be considered ineligible for listing on the …

Cultural Resources Survey And Monitoring Of Joint Task Force Six (Jtf-6) Actions In Webb, Zapata, Dimmit, La Salle, Duvall, And Jim Hogg Counties, Texas, Stephen P. Austin, Scott Ferguson, Steven M. Hunt, Floyd B. Largent Jr., Mark A. Sale

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Joint Task Force Six (JTF-6) Operation AT-93 involved multiple actions in six south Texas counties. These actions included the repair and construction of approximately 240 km (150 mi) of existing firebreaks, the repair/upgrade of approximately 9.5 km (5.9 mi) of road along the Rio Grande River near Laredo, the upgrade of two small-arms firing ranges, and the construction of a fitness/obstacle course. Extensive previous disturbance was noted within the impact areas of the firebreaks and at the two firing ranges; no cultural resource sites were located in these areas. Along the Rio Grande, the survey identified the site of Star …

Data Recovery At Lake Alan Henry (Justiceburg Reservior), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 3, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler, Martha Doty Freeman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The third and final season of Phase III data recovery at Lake Alan Henry (formerly Justiceburg Reservoir), located on the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, was conducted during the fall of 1992. The work consisted of intensive archeological investigations at one historic site and four prehistoric sites. Subsequent to the Season 3 data recovery fieldwork, a newly discovered rock art site (41KTl64) was documented. The historic component at 41GR474 consists of a dugout depression and the ruins of a wood frame house and related complex of ranching structures. It was the homestead …

Archeological And Geomorphological Investigations At Prehistoric Sites 41wy50 And 41wy60, Willacy County, Texas, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January through March 1993, archeological and geomorphological investigations were conducted at two clay dune sites, 41WY50 and 41WY60, in the outfall area of the Hidalgo-Willacy Drainage Ditch system. This work represents the final investigations of a cultural resource management program conducted for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the local sponsors, Hidalgo County Drainage District No. 1 and Willacy County Drainage District No. I, by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. The results of the archeological investigations were poor. Neither site yielded materials of unquestionable cultural origin, although several small basin-shaped hearth features were encountered. Based on radiocarbon assays from …

Human Skeletal Remains From The Tyson Site (41sy92), Helen D. Dockall

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the 1993 field season at the Tyson site (41SY92), conducted by the East Texas and Northeast Texas Archaeological societies, two burial features were uncovered. These features contained the skeletal remains of three Caddo subadults, ranging in age from birth to one to two years. Burial 1 yielded the partial skeleton of a child less than two years old, as well as elements of a second, slightly younger, child. Burial 2 produced the remains of a well-preserved infant. This article describes the excavation and osteology protocols, a description of taphonomic conditions, inventory of these burials, demography, size of the subadults, …

The Rowland Clark (41rr77) Site, Red River County, Texas : Editor's Introduction, Gegory Perino, Leonard Blake, Carol J. Loveland

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Rowland Clark (41RR77) and Dan Holdeman (41RR11) archaeological sites were excavated in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Gregory Perino of the Museum of Red River in Idabel, Oklahoma. Manuscripts on those investigations were prepared by Perino shortly after the conclusion of the work, but these were never published, remaining instead on file at the Museum of the Red River.

A Update Of Archaeological Investigations At The Tyson Site (41sy92), Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In recent years, much of the research concerning prehistoric and historic Caddoan lifeways has focused on socio-political organization and community structure. Models have been proposed to predict the character of the archaeological record based on European observations of Caddo an life during the 17th-19th centuries. A brief review of these models is warranted to provide the necessary background for interpreting the results of recent archaeological work at an interesting 15th century site in Deep East Texas.

Story and Creel have developed an integrative model to describe Hasinai Caddo "settlement patterns, socio-political organization, and intergroup interactions" based on ethnographic and archaeological …

Analysis Of Rowland Clark Site Corn, Leonard Blake

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The carbonized com from the Rowland Clark site, Red River County, Texas was received from Gregory Perino, then of the Museum of the Red River, in March 1982. The analysis of the com is presented by feature, with remarks on the cobs as appropriate. Table 1 presents a summary by feature of the com cob analysis, while Table 2 compares the com from Rowland Clark with samples of com cobs from other well-studied Caddoan sites.

Archaeological Research At The Rowland Clark Site (41rr77), Red River County, Texas, Gegory Perino

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Rowland Clark site is located in Red River County, Texas, on a prehistoric river channel of the Red River that has been intersected by a more recent channel of the river. It is approximately 16 km south of the Arnold Roitsch or Sam Kaufman (41RR16) site. The site had small Coles Creek and Early Caddoan period occupations, but the major occupation was of a McCurtain phase group of the Late Caddoan period. I

The site has been in the Clark family for more than a century. The land the site is on is the property of Mr. Rowland Clark. …

Rowland Clark And Dan Holdeman Site Human Skeletal Remains, Carol J. Loveland

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Rowland Clark site was occupied by Caddoan Indian groups from approximately A.D. 1300-1600+. Twenty one of the 39 burials recovered during the Museum of the Red River excavations were assigned to the earliest McCurtain phase occupation (ca. A.D. 1300-1450); 14 burials were ascribed to a later McCurtain occupation between ca. A.D. 1450 and 1600; four burials belonged to the final McCurtain occupation (ca. A.D. 1600+) of the site. Since infants and children were buried under house floors rather than in the cemetery area associated with each time period, their interment does not necessarily follow the assigned time period. Due …

Book Review: A Naturalist In Indian Territory: The Journals Of S. W. Woodhouse, Barbara Keener

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Samuel Washington Woodhouse, a Philadelphia physician and avid ornithologist, was appointed surgeon-naturalist of two expeditions to survey the Creek-Cherokee boundary in Indian Territory. The Creek boundary expedition that Woodhouse was asked to join was a Corps of Topographical Engineers survey party sent to survey and mark the northern and western boundaries of the Creek Indian lands in Indian Territory to comply with the requirements of the Creek Treaty of 1845. The usual purpose of these surveys was to map the land, describe its topography, and learn about its native inhabitants. Later objectives were to establish roads and to set boundaries …

The Original Distribution Of Bois D'Arc. Part I: Texas, David H. Jurney

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Early historical explorations of the American frontier discuss many tree species and their uses, yet rarely mention bois d'arc (Maclura pomifera). Several important early expeditions sent by President Thomas Jefferson into the southwestern frontier provide the first evidence for the natural and culturally influenced range of the species. Bois d 'arc was important in the trade of Native Americans, specifically used for bow wood.

As early as 1804, John Sibley and Merriwether Lewis reported to President Jefferson about bois d 'arc, drawing on information derived from transplanted saplings and reporting that the source was ca. 300 miles away (i.e., along …

Book Reviews, Ann M. Early, Heidi Vaughn

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Abandonment of Settlements and Regions: Ethnoarchaeological and Archaeological Approaches, edited by Catherine M. Cameron and Steve A. Tomka. Cambridge University Press. 1993.

The Ouachita Mountains: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Travelers, by Milton D. Rafferty and John C. Catau. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press. 1991. 308 pages, notes, references, index.

Caddoan Archaeology In The Little Cypress Creek Valley: Recent Investigation At The Griffin Mound Site (41ur142), Upshur County, Texas, Bo Nelson, Timothy K. Perttula, Mike Turner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

As part of the long-term study of the prehistoric archaeology of the Caddo peoples in Northeast Texas, we are currently focusing our investigations on the Little Cypress Creek valley in Upshur County. Although poorly known archaeologically, background research conducted to date, discussions with landowners, and selected survey-limited testing efforts over the last few years indicates that there are extensive Archaic and Caddoan archaeological remains preserved in the Little Cypress Creek valley. Caddoan period archaeologi cal sites (ca. A.O. 800-1600) are particularly common. The investigations of one of the more significant Caddoan sites found to date in the valley, the Griffin …

Archeological And Geomorphological Investigations At Prehistoric Sites 41wy50 And 41wy60, Willacy County, Texas, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January through March 1993, archeological and geomorphological investigations were conducted at two clay dune sites, 41WY50 and 41WY60, in the outfall area of the Hidalgo-Willacy Drainage Ditch system. This work represents the final investigations of a cultural resource management program conducted for the U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers and the local sponsors, Hidalgo County Drainage District No. 1 and Willacy County Drainage District No. 1, by Prewitt and Associates, Inc.

The results of the archeological investigations were poor. Neither site yielded materials of unquestionable cultural origin, although several small basin-shaped hearth features were encountered. Based on radiocarbon assays from …

Data Recovery At Lake Alan Henry (Justiceburg Reservoir), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 3, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler, Martha Doty Freeman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The third and final season of Phase III data recovery at Lake Alan Henry (formerly Justiceburg Reservoir), located on the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, was conducted during the fall of 1992. The work consisted of intensive archeological investigations at one historic site and four prehistoric sites. Subsequent to the Season 3 data recovery fieldwork, a newly discovered rock art site (41KTl64) was documented.

The historic component at 41GR474 consists of a dugout depression and the ruins of a wood frame house and related complex of ranching structures. It was the homestead …