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By Way Of Remembrance: Rural Cemeteries Of North Mississippi, David Wharton

Study the South

"My habit was to drive back roads, explore, and not worry about getting anywhere quickly or about getting lost. With my wife, Marianne, often accompanying me, we would stick to county roads, always on the lookout for places of visual interest. Among the places we frequently stopped were small towns—in both business and residential areas—and, especially, rural churches and cemeteries. Many of the churches, whether still active or not, had burial grounds close by, and even long-abandoned churches sometimes had cemeteries that showed signs of recent use. A few cemeteries were off by themselves, however, apparently forgotten by any church …

The South In Review, Adam Gussow, Peter Lurie, David Wharton

Study the South

The following books are reviewed in this issue:

• I Am a Man: Photographs of the Civil Rights Movement, 1960-1970 / William R. Ferris and Lonnie G. Burch, III. University Press of Mississippi. Reviewed by David Wharton
• William Faulkner and the Faces of Modernity / Jay Watson. University Press of Mississippi. Reviewed by Peter Lurie.
• New York City Blues: Postwar Portraits from Harlem to the Village and Beyond / Edited by Larry Simon and John Broven. Photos by Robert Schaffer. Reviewed by Adam Gussow.
• Road Through Midnight: A Civil Rights Memorial / Jessica Ingram. University of North Carolina Press. Reviewed by …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Taylor, The Key West Lighthouse; A Light in Paradis, by Steve Belko; Williams, Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom, by Rebecca Montgomery; Clarke, Dwelling Place: A Plantation Epic, by Jonathan M. Atkins; Walker, Hell's Broke Loose in Georgia: Survival in a Civil War Regiment, by Brian D. McKnight; Johnson, Southern Ladies, New Women: Race, Region and Clubwomen in South Carolina, 1890-1930, by Ann Short Chirhart; Feldman, ed. Politics and Religion in the White South, by E. Stanly Godbold, Jr.; Jackson and Brown, eds., Go Sound the Trumpet! Selections in Florida's African-American History, by Jennifer Roady-Lawson; Green, Before His …

Index, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Index to Volume 84

Florida Room: Battle For St. Augustine 1964: Public Record And Personal Recollection, Claudia S. Slate

Florida Historical Quarterly

To the casual observer-the tourist-St. Augustine of the 1960s seemed more like a tropical paradise than a racial battleground. This unique city of 15,000, the first permanent settlement in the United States, prided itself on its quaint streets, historic buildings, and pristine Atlantic Ocean beaches. Not surprisingly, it depended on tourists for much of its economy. Black buggy drivers chauffeured tourists through the downtown, past the Old Slave Market where blacks and whites congregated on benches to chat. Although most outsiders would not have considered Florida part of the Deep South, paradoxically, beneath St. Augustine's facade hid "the vilest kind …

Raising Her Voice: Ruth Perry, Activist And Journalist For The Miami Naacp, Judith G. Poucher

Florida Historical Quarterly

Ruth Willis Perry sat rigidly in the witness box, clutching her purse and facing the television cameras. Her strained expression reflected not only the tension of a possible jail sentence but also the escalating effects of three years of threats against her life, her reputation, and her career. A few feet away, her would-be assassins smirked and jostled one another. It was February 25, 1957, and Miami's White Citizens' Council had occupied the front rows of the courtroom since early morning. They were ready for a showdown, but so were Ruth Perry and the National Association for the Advancement of …

More Courage Than Discretion: Charles M. Hamilton In Reconstruction-Era Florida, Daniel R. Weinfeld

Florida Historical Quarterly

At the close of the Civil War, Union army officers arrived in Florida to serve as agents of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (the "Bureau"). In addition to their official Bureau duties, the agents, often the sole representatives of the Federal government in their assigned districts, acted as protectors of the newly freed slaves against a recalcitrant white population that refused to accept the blacks' liberated status. As Congress implemented its Reconstruction plan, the agents helped organize the Republican Party in Florida in anticipation of readmission and encouraged the freedmen to become loyal Republican voters. The Bureau …

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 84, Number 4. Includes the Table of Contents

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Fogelson, The Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 14, Southeast. Swanson, Documentation of the Indians of the Florida Keys & Miami, 1514-1765, by Andrew Frank; Hall, Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links, by Matt Clavin; Coclanis, ed., The Atlantic Economy during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Organization, Operation, Practice, and Personnel, by Carl Keyes; Dibble, Joseph Mills White: Anti-Jacksonian Floridian, by James Cusick; Bennett, Union Jacks: Yankee Sailors in the Civil War by Susannah U. Bruce; O'Brien, Henry Adam and the Southern Question, by Paul Escott; Turner and Bramson, The Plant System of Rail Roads, Steamships, …

A Splendid Idea In China Turned Sour In Florida: The Rise And Fall Of The Florida Splendid China, Wenxian Zhang

Florida Historical Quarterly

Although Florida had been promoted as a tropical paradise to people with health concerns since the granting of statehood in 1845, the Sunshine State did not become a top vacation destination for thrill-seeking Americans until Disney World opened its doors in the early 1970s. Disney's appearance spawned several other major theme parks, including Sea World and Universal Studios, and some smaller attractions such as Wet and Wild. Florida Splendid China joined the ranks of Central Florida's regional theme parks in 1993. A high profile project, it represented one of the first and largest joint investment ventures between the United States …

Mythic Landscapes Of The Boom And Bust Weedon Island, Florida, Sheila K. Stewart

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Weedon Island Preserve is a 3,164-acre nature park situated on the shores of Old Tampa Bay in northeast St. Petersburg.1 A mosaic of mangrove forest, tidal marshes, pine flatwoods, and remnants of hammocks, the preserve also encompasses a famous prehistoric archaeological site, which was excavated by the Smithsonian Institution in the 1920s and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1972. Of national, state, and regional significance, Weedon Island's wild landscape carries a strong sense of place for the citizens of Pinellas County and in the last thirty years has captured community support for the …

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 84, Number 3. Includes the Table of Contents

Hidden In Plain View: Eugene Poulnot And The History Of Southern Radicalism, Elna C. Green

Florida Historical Quarterly

"Outside agitator" is an epithet frequently hurled by southern white conservatives at those with opposing political positions. Claiming that they cannot fathom how any "true" southerner could reject regional orthodoxies, white conservatives conclude that such a person must be from somewhere else. Beginning in the antebellum era, southern conservative partisans have attempted to tarnish their political opponents with the stigma of being "an outside agitator." In an assertion of a southern ideological monolith, conservative whites have used the label against abolitionists, feminists, civil rights activists, labor organizers, and radicals of varying hues. Indeed, in the collective mind of the white …

History News, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Editor's Note; Call for Papers

Florida History Directory, The 2005 Blue Book, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The organizations that promote the study of Florida history are as diverse as the geographical regions of our state. The 2005 Blue Book, a directory of Florida's historical societies draws from numerous sources. Florida's sixty-six counties were used to arrange the list. Sources included local chamber of commerce websites and Internet yellow pages. Numerous online lists and links produced by historical groups around Florida contributed to the effort.

Review Essay: Clever Men And Cool Brains: Rethinking The Mind Of The Old South, John Mayfield

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Southerner," wrote Frederick Law Olmsted in 1854, "is greatly wanting in hospitality of mind, closing his doors to all opinions and schemes to which he has been bred a stranger, with a contempt and bigotry which sometimes seems incompatible with his character as a gentleman. He has a large but unexpansive mind." Harsh words, but they stuck. For decades after the Civil War, Northern observers such as Henry Adams and Southern grouches such as Wilbur J. Cash echoed Olmsted to one degree or another. Southerners had 'temperament," not "mind," the argument went, and if they thought at all it …

Britain's 1814 Occupation Of Pensecola And America's Response: An Episode Of The War Of 1812 In The Southeastern Borderlands, Nathaniel Millett

Florida Historical Quarterly

With the appointment of Alexander Cochrane to Commander of the North American Squadron in the summer of 1814, Britain began to formalize a strategy that called for a systematic series of campaigns against the Chesapeake, New England, South Carolina, Georgia, and New Orleans with the ultimate aim of bringing the United States to its knees while protecting Canada. The bulk of the attack on New Orleans was to be carried out in a straight-forward assault by the Royal Navy, but forces were to come from a number of directions. In the build-up to the attack, it was envisioned that some …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Oatis, A Colonial Complex: South Carolina's Frontier in the Era of the Yamusee War, 1680-1730, by Timothy P. Grady; Sweet, Negotiating for Georgia: British-Creek Relations in the Trustee Era, 1733-1752, by Dan Murphee; Hawkins, Jose de Bustamante and Central American Independence: Colonial Administration in an Age of Imperial Crisis, by Dennis Halpin; Wells, Origins of the Southern Middle Class, 1800-1861, by Anthony Carey; McDonough, Nashville: The Western Confederacy's Final Gamble, by Kevin N. Levin; Revels, Grander in Her Daughters: Florida's Women During the Civil War; Weatherford, Real Women of Tampa and Hillborough County From Prehistory to the Millennium, by Robert …

Wrongful Defeat: The 1934 Florida Senatorial Democratic Primary Between Claude Pepper And Park Trammell, John M. Brackett

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1934, the state of Florida faced a midterm election in which one of its two U.S. senators came up for reelection. The campaign began with five candidates, but Claude Pepper and incumbent Park Trammell stood out as the most viable contenders to win the Democratic nomination. As in other southern states, the Democratic Party dominated Florida's elections, and the winner of the party primary won the office. As the campaign between Pepper and Trammell progressed, it became a bitter fight marred by widespread smear tactics. When neither candidate won a majority in the June 5 primary, Pepper and Trammell …

A New Deal For Welfare: Governor Fred Cone And The Florida State Welfare Board, David Nelson

Florida Historical Quarterly

In May 1937, Florida suffered from the crippling effects of the Great Depression. The governor's oflice received letters daily from out-of-work laborers, single mothers, starving children, and elderly dependants pleading for assistance and state action. Yet, Florida's government rested upon a shallow tax base making the state's ten-year old welfare system almost entirely dependent upon federal aid. Only two years earlier, the federal government had demanded that the state re-vamp its State Board of Public Welfare, requiring an increased state financial commitment, stiffer welfare laws, and higher qualifications for welfare employees before millions of federal dollars would pour into the …

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 84, Number 2. Includes the Table of Contents

History News, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Memoriam; Farewell; Introduction; Call for Contributors; Erratum

Commentaries, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Commentaries by Jack E. Davis, with Thomas Castillo, Jay Clune, James M. Denham, Russell D. James, Alex Lichtenstein, Dave Nelson, Joshua Parker, and Lee L. Willis III

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Piker, Okfuskee: A Creek Town in Colonial America, by Michael D. Green; Hahn, The Invention of the Creek Nation, 1670-1763, by James Taylor Carson; Morris, Florida's Lost Tribes, by Francis X. Luca; Armitage and Braddick, eds., The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800, by Jonathan Eacott; Hyde, ed., A Fierce and Fractious Frontier: The Curious Development of Louisiana's Florida Parishes, 1699-2000, by Timothy R. Buckner; Meltzer, Hunted Like a Wolf: The Story of the Seminole War, by Samuel Watson; Billingsley, Communities of Kinship: Antebellum Families and the Settlement of the Cotton Frontier, by Daniel Kilbride; Pace, Halls of Honor: College Men in …

The Sporting Set Winters In Florida: Fertile Ground For The Leisure Revolution, 1870-1930, Larry R. Youngs

Florida Historical Quarterly

Maurice Fatio made his first visit to Palm Beach, Florida, at the height of the social season in February 1923. The young Swiss architect planned on trolling for business among the resort's elite guests, hoping to supplement his New York City firm's clientele. The pace and nature of the Palm Beach scene, however, caught him by surprise. In a letter to his parents written on the fourth day of his visit, he exclaimed, "I have never led a more intense life." Describing a typical day, he explained that "one gets up at 10 o'clock to play tennis; at noon one …

Coming North To The South: Migration, Labor And City-Building In Twentieth-Century Miami, Melanie Shell-Weiss

Florida Historical Quarterly

Over the past decade, scholars have worked to develop a rich array of transnational and global theories to better explain the cultural, social, and demographic processes that take place within nations, and which transcend them. As Shelley Fisher Fishkin reminded us in her presidential address to the annual meeting of the American Studies Association last year, "As the transnational becomes more central . . . we are likely to focus not only on the proverbial immigrant who leaves somewhere called 'home' to make a new home in the United States, but also on the endless process of comings and goings …

Taking The State Out: Seminoles And Creeks In Late Eighteenth-Century Florida, Andrew K. Frank

Florida Historical Quarterly

Between 1750 and 1810, the Muskogee Indians held the upper hand in intercolonial affairs and made Florida "Indian country." More than two centuries after Spain had claimed the region as part of its dominion and sent soldiers and missionaries to subdue its inhabitants, the Muskogee Indians enjoyed a sustained period of autonomy that was at odds with the experiences of Indians elsewhere in the Spanish and British empires.' Neither conquered nor subdued, Muskogee Indians still controlled Florida. Technically surrounded by European and later American powers, these Creek and Seminole Indians lived in semi-autonomous villages that routinely disregarded the interests of …

The St. Augustine Hurricane Of 1811: Disaster And The Question Of Political Unrest On The Florida Frontier, Sherry Johnson

Florida Historical Quarterly

"On the 5th of October a violent hurricane hit this city, It caused terrible damage to the houses in town....The destruction is so great that these poor people are entirely ruined."1 So wrote Spanish East Florida's interim governor Juan Jose de Estrada on December 5, 1811. The hurricane could not have occurred at a more inopportune time. During the previous three years, Spain had suffered an unprecedented series of catastrophes. In 1808, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded the country, usurped the monarchy, and placed his brother Josef on the throne, thus creating a crisis of legitimacy throughout the Spanish empire. Political confusion …

The Epic Of Greater Florida: Florida's Global Past, Robert Cassanello

Florida Historical Quarterly

At the 1932 American Historical Association meeting in Toronto, Canada, Herbert E. Bolton gave a prophetic yet largely ignored address titled, "The Epic of Greater America." In his speech, the AHA president pondered why there was no major American history publication that placed the United States' past within the context of the Western Hemisphere. Bolton emphasized his point by exploiting the Eurocentric focus of the profession at the time, noting that "European history cannot be learned from books dealing alone with England, or France, or Germany, or Italy, or Russia." He went on to say that historians should not confine …

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 84, Number 1. Includes the Table of Contents