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Caddo Ceramics On The Red River In North Central Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Earnest R. Martin, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Caddo ceramics manufactured after A.D. 900 were widely traded in Texas, being found in some quantity on North Central, East Central, Central, and inland Southeast Texas archeological sites. They were also traded with prehistoric peoples in the Midwest (as far north as Iowa and Illinois) and the Southeastern U.S. While archeologists have known this for some time, much of the ceramic evidence for prehistoric Caddoan trade and exchange with other Native Americans has not been systematically compiled and studied, as became apparent during a recent review of the prehistoric and historic aboriginal pottery in Texas. Consequently, Caddoan archeologists are not …

Archaeological Investigation At The Marshall Powder Mill (41hs17), Confederate States Of America 1863-1865, Harrison County, Texas: 1994 Season, Thomas E. Speir, David H. Jurney

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Northeast Texas Archeological Society, in conjunction with the East Texas, Dallas, and Tarrant County archeological societies, reinstated archaeological investigations at the Marshall Powder Mill (41HS17) in 1994 following several years of delicate negotiations with the landowner about the value of preserving this archaeological site. The Marshall Powder Mill manufactured gunpowder, small arms and cannon, and refurbished weaponry, and was one of several arsenals that served the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate States of America from 1863 to 1865. None have been thoroughly investigated archaeologically, however, thereby ignoring a major aspect of the Confederacy's war effort, and an important industrial …

The Womack, Gilbert, And Pearson Sites: Early Eighteenth Century Tunican Entrepots In Northeast Texas, Frank Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

For the past few months, I have been working on a detailed response to a paper by James Bruseth, Diane Wilson, and Timothy Perttula published in the fall issue of Plains Anthropologist. There, these authors challenge my Sanders entrepot hypothesis and my new paradigm for the Mississippi period archeology of the Arkansas Valley, claiming that the Sanders focus, as propounded by Alex D. Krieger, is alive and well, so much so that they have renamed it the Sanders phase to ready it for service in the 1990s and beyond.

The Caddoan Oak Hill Village Site, J. Brett Cruse, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Rarely do prehistoric archeologists in North America have the opportunity to completely excavate and study an entire Native American community or village. To be able to expose a Native American village in its entirety provides a unique, and unprecedented, view of the past community and social arrangements that existed among Native American societies before contact with Europeans.

Recently, in northeast Texas, the Oak Hill Village site (41RK214), a large village occupied by prehistoric horticultural-agricultural Caddo peoples between about A.O. 1050 and 1450, was fully uncovered under the direction of J. Brett Cruse (then of Espey, Huston & Associates, Inc., Austin, …

Book Review: Archeology In The Eastern Planning Region, Texas: A Planning Document, Robert L. Brooks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

With the passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 and ensuing regulatory guidelines, a mandate for the development of "The State Historic Preservation Plan" was clearly established. During the late 1960s and the 1970s, because of limited funding and the absence of information on the structure of these plans, few states had formulated plans or if they had state plans, they were of an extremely general nature. In the 1980s, principally through funding initiatives on the part of the National Park Service and through the efforts of NPS preservation planners such as John Knoerl, many states began their …

"Historical Processes And The Political Organization Of The Hasinai Caddo Indians": A Reply, Nancy Adele, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In a recent volume of the Caddoan Archeology Newsletter, Daniel Hickerson argues that Apache aggression across the Southern Plains, Apache trade in horses and other European goods, and European-introduced diseases dramatically affected Caddo an populations by encouraging their migration south to the upper Neches/Angelina river basins area traditionally occupied by one segment of the Caddo, the Hasinai groups. In his opinion, the Hasinai confederacy was a nascent chiefdom that developed as a direct result of this mid to late-seventeenth century southern migration. As has been pointed out by Caddoan ethnographers, ethnohistorians, and archeologists for 50 years or more, the Caddo …

The Arkansas River Valley: A New Paradigm, Revisionist Perspectives And The Archaeological Record, Robert L. Brooks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Recent articles by Schambach have proposed a new paradigm for the late prehistoric period in the Arkansas River Valley. These arguments challenge traditional and long held views on the subsistence economy, architecture, material culture, biological character, and trade relationships of the prehistoric populations of the Arkansas River Valley, and the middle portion of the Red River (the Sanders phase area). My intention in this paper is to examine Schambach's arguments based on a comprehensive review of the archaeological record and by also drawing upon explanatory models of cultural and economic behavior. For the most part, my comments pertain to the …

Of Hearths And Houses, Tom Middlebrook, Ryan Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the 1993 East Texas Archeological Field School conducted at the Tyson site (41SY92) in western Shelby County, the junior author had an opportunity to participate in the excavation of a Caddoan hearth. The work was directed by Linda Lindsay, a graduate student in Anthropology at Southern Methodist University. This paper describes our findings and a few features of hearths and houses.

One goal of the 1993 Field School was to explore the area around Feature 3 looking for evidence of a house. This was accomplished by opening a 6 meter by 6 meter unit referred to as Block 1. …

Continuing The Discussion Of The Spiroans And Their Entrepots: A Reply To Brooks's Critique Of My New Paradigm/Or The Archeology Of The Arkansas Valley, Frank Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Although Brooks seems to agree with me that the archeology of the Arkansas Valley requires a new paradigm, he clearly believes that mine -- which he apparently considers a poorly founded Binfordian screed written primarily for its shock value -- is not the one. Where, according to Brooks, have I gone wrong in my work on the archeology of the Arkansas Valley? Which of my generalizations does he consider so poorly grounded empirically as to suggest, as he insinuates, professionally and perhaps even ethically questionable work, and in what ways does he consider them deficient?

An Archaeological Assessment Of The Alazan Acequia (41bx620) In The Five Points Area Of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, David L. Nickels, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May 1996, while tunneling for a sewer line at the intersection of Cornell Street and Fredericksburg Road north of downtown San Antonio, contractors with the San Antonio River Authority (SARA) encountered late-nineteenth-century Alazan Acequia from 7-14ft below the modern surface. The Center for Archaeological Research entered into a contract with SARA to document the architecture and location of the acequia. The 1876 irrigation ditch, designated site 41BX620, was documented by photographs and measured drawings. A plan map of the location was drawn, and an artist's conception of the architecture involved was produced from photographs, drawings, and archaeologists' descriptions.

Archaic Land Use Of Upper Leon Creek Terraces: Archaeological Testing In Northern Bexar County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During a three-week period in March 1995, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted the second phase of archaeological work at 4lBX47 under contract with PapeDawson Engineers. This phase of intensive testing was designed to assess the significance of the Early and Middle Archaic deposits identified during the 1994 CAR survey of the 147-acre project area (Tennis and Hard 1995). These investigations were performed to further comply with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit requirements.

Fieldwork consisted of fourteen 1-x-1-m test units, 59 Gradall trenches, and additional geomorphological investigations. Eight-four burned-rock …

Excavation Of The San Pedro Acequia On The Grounds Of The San Antonio Housing Authority, David L. Nickels, I. Waynne Cox, Connie Gibson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In July and August 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of the University of Texas at San Antonio conducted excavations to determine the location and construction methods of the San Pedro Acequia (41BX337) on the grounds of the San Antonio Housing Authority (SAHA) in southern San Antonio, Texas. CAR was contracted by SAHA to conduct the excavations prior to construction which could impact the acequia. Testing of the site was completed in October 1994.

As a result of shovel testing, Gradall and backhoe operations, and hand excavations of small units, CAR identified the acequia and exposed it for mapping …

Archaeological Survey Of Laughlin Air Force Base, Val Verde County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis, Marcie Renner, Robert J. Hard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the spring of 1994, the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a 100-percent pedestrian survey of Laughlin Air Force Base and the Air Force Recreation Area and Marina in Val Verde County, Texas. In addition to the survey, limited paleontological and geomorphological evaluations were made.

One historic site, eight prehistoric sites, and one large site with both prehistoric and historic components were recorded. Additionally, three pre viously recorded sites (De Vore 1993) were revisited. Diagnostic projectile points representing Late Paleoindian through Late Prehistoric occupations were recovered from five of the prehistoric sites. …

The Alamo Restoration And Conservation Project: Excavations At The South Transept, Barbara A. Meissner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January 1995, the Daughters of the Republic of Texas, as custodians of the Alamo Shrine for the state of Texas, contracted with the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio to excavate and/or monitor excavation of approximately 29 square meters outside and 11 square meters inside the south wall of the south transept of the Alamo church. The excavations were made necessary by a plan to insert metal plates into the walls of the Alamo near the foundation, to prevent further damage being caused by groundwater in the lower part of the walls of …

Archeological Testing At Pflugerville Bottling Works, Travis County, Texas, John W. Clark Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archival research and archeological test excavations in connection with proposed development of Dessau Road in north Travis County revealed the presence of the Pflugerville Bottling Works near the north end of the project. The plant was established in 1914 and moved to Austin in 1927. Archeological excavations exposed a midden, paved area and filled brick cistern but did not expose evidence of the building. Because of the lack of an associated building, those parts of the site within the proposed right-of-way are not considered eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.

Final Report Of Test Excavations At Site 41pc476 Along S.H. 349 In Pecos County, Texas, Barbara J. Hickman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The present report outlines all investigations at site 41PC476 from June 26-30, 1996. It also details the methods used and the results obtained during test excavation of the site. A brief analysis of the cultural materials identified at the site is included. Eroded burned rock concentrations are exposed on the surface of site 4 1PC476, and fire-cracked rock was found below the ground surface as well. Although a few lithic artifacts were found in test excavations, no ethnobotanical remains were identified. All diagnostic artifacts were recovered from the surface. The artifactual evidence indicates an Archaic period occupation with lithic activities …

Swenson Center News, 1996, Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center, Augustana College

Newsletter: Swenson Center News

No abstract provided.

Jacques Cartier Chalet Certificate Of Appreciation, Sabattus Mountaineers Snowmobile Club

Le Club Jacques Cartier

Certificate of appreciation form Sabattus Mountaineers Snowmobile Club to Jacques Cartier Chalet for the 1996-1997 winter season. Signed by Roger Gervais, Club President, and James Waterman, Trail Master.

Stuart, Jesse Hilton, 1907-1984 (Sc 1341), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 1341. Letter, 1 October 1947, by Kentucky author, Jesse Stuart, Riverton, Kentucky, to Ann Cade, Morgantown, Kentucky. He relates that he has written ten books and suggests that she write his publisher about the availability of the books.

White County Heritage 1996, White County Historical Society

White County Heritage Journal

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Status of Veterans' Memorial Project by Hank Fulbright
Spanish Land Grant
My Dear Wife and Children by Wm. R. Young
The Humorous History of White County, Arkansas by Claude E. Johnson
White County, Arkansas Post Offices by Claude E. Johnson
Arkansas Civil War Veterans by Neal Kimmel
Children of John Peter Aclin by Martha Hubbard
John Peter Aclin by Martha Hubbard
Dream Shattered But Promised Land Found by Gladys Richardson
Mabel Vaughan Stokes (Taped and written Mar. 1996) by Cloie Presley
Missouri & North Arkansas Motor Car, Kensett
Son Collects Father's Songs by Leister E. Presley
Judsonia …

Fin De Siecle Diana: The New Woman Discovers The Maine Woods, Nan Cumming Ma

All Student Scholarship

Women's roles were in flux during the late nineteenth centuury and early twentieth century. Faced with neurasthenia and other health problems, many upper and middle class women accepted the suggestions of doctors and social reformers that they take more exercise, usually in the form of calisthenics and bicycling.The quest for genuine experience in the increasingly artificial and overpopulated cities brought many male sports to Maine's untamed woods and, by 1890, women joined them in increasing numbers.

This study explores the attraction that the Maine wilderness held for upper and middle class Victorian women.

The Promise And Reality Of Indian Self Determination, Patricia Hornback

Faculty Publications - George Fox Digital

The Indian Self Determination Act was first ratified November 4, 1975, has brought about many social and economic changes for the Recognized Native American "Indian" Tribes of the United States. With this Act, the Department of the Interior, Division of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, officially recognized the right of organized "Indian Tribes" to be sovereign nations. This recognition created the opportunity for Native American Tribes to develop their own system of government, which included criminal and civil justice systems, social welfare programs, free practice of cultural and religious rituals, and the ability to contract with businesses in the private …

Economic Interdependence Along A Colonial Frontier: Capitalism And The New River Valley, 1745-1789, B. Scott Crawford

History Theses & Dissertations

Historians have generally placed the beginning of capitalism in the United States in the early- to mid-nineteenth century. This assumes that the industrialization of the New England states fostered in a modern economic environment for the country as a whole. However, evidence of modern economic principles existed on the Virginia frontier as early as the mid-eighteenth century. As frontier settlers aspired to emulate eastern society, they not only sought to recreate a lifestyle similar to the one they left behind, but also set up similar governing practices, which in turn created social stratification similar to that which existed in the …

[Introduction To] All Over The Map: Rethinking American Regions, Edward L. Ayers, Patricia Nelson Limerick, Stephen Nissenbaum, Peter S. Onuf

Bookshelf

Even as Americans keep moving "all over the map" in the late twentieth century, they cherish memories of the places they come from. But where do these places—these regions—come from? What makes them so real? In this groundbreaking book a distinguished group of historians explores the concept of region in America, traces changes the idea has undergone in our national experience, and examines its meaning for Americans today.

Far from diminishing in importance, the authors conclude, regional differences continue to play a significant role in Americans' self-image. Regional identity, in fact, has always been fed by the very forces that …

Annie Wood: A Portrait, Jo Ann Mervis Hofheimer

Institute for the Humanities Theses

In 1871, Anna Cogswell Wood and Irene Kirke Leache founded a school for girls in Norfolk, Virginia which had a profound influence on the community. The Leache-Wood Seminary became Norfolk's center for cultural pursuits. After the death of Irene Leache in 1900, Annie Wood established a memorial to perpetuate her friend's interest in literature, music, art, drama, and spiritual studies. Wood began a number of cultural programs which grew to shape the cultural life of the town in remarkable ways, leading directly to the Virginia Symphony, the Norfolk Little Theater, the Irene Leache Memorial, the Norfolk Society of Arts, and …

John Muir Newsletter, Winter 1995/96, John Muir Center For Regional Studies

Muir Center Newsletters (1981-2015)

John Muir Newsletter winter 1995-96 university of the pacific volume 6, number 1 HOW I FOUND SMOKEY JACK'S CAMP AND TWENTY-HILL HOLLOW ByRobert Bauer (Editor's note: When not raising turkeys, Robert Bauer is a graduate student in anthropology at California State University, Stanislaus, working on a master's thesis that places Muir and his work in the context of the land and people of the Sierra foothills between the Merced and Tuolumne rivers.) John Muir first came to eastern Merced County in 1868 by a circuitous route. Following a botanzing trip through Florida and Cuba, he was taken with a fever …

John Muir Newsletter, Fall 1995, John Muir Center For Regional Studies

Muir Center Newsletters (1981-2015)

Muir Newsletter fall 1995 university of the pacific volume 5, number 4 JOHN MUIR AND THE VAN DYKE RANCH: INTIMACY AND DESIRE IN HIS FINAL YEARS By Peter Wild (Editor's note: Well-known author, poet, biographer and nature writer, Peter Wild is Professor of Modern Language at the University of Arizona in Tucson. The following paper is an outgrowth of his recent research on the Muir family in the Southwest. Part One was published in the previous issue.) PARTTWO The Muirs owed much of Helen's well-being to the ranchers, Theodore Strong Van Dyke and his son Dix. The Van Dykes were …

John Muir Newsletter, Summer 1995, John Muir Center For Regional Studies

Muir Center Newsletters (1981-2015)

John Muir Newsletter summer 1995 university of the pacific volume 5, number 3 JOHN MUIR AND THE VAN DYKE RANCH: INTIMACY AND DESIRE IN HIS FINAL YEARS By Peter Wild (Editor's note: Well-known author, poet, biographer and nature writer, Peter Wild is Professor of Modern Language at the University of Arizona in Tucson. The following paper is an outgrowth of his recent research on the Muir family in the Southwest. Part Two will be published in the next issue.) PARTONE When occasional gunfire erupted in the town, it could be heard at the nearby desert ranch, but that didn't seem …

John Muir Newsletter, Spring 1995, John Muir Center For Regional Studies

Muir Center Newsletters (1981-2015)

John Muir Newsletter spring 1995 university of the pacific volume 5, number 2 JOHN MUIR AND ZEN BUDDHISM by Michelle L. Dwyer (Editor's note: Michelle Dwyer is an English and Philosophy double major at the University of the Pacific. This paper was prepared in the fall of 1994 for an undergraduate course, "John Muir and the American Environment. ") Many question whether John Muir followed traditional Christianity, mystic pantheism, ora combination of the two. After reading many of Muir's writings, it seems to me that he follows the religious beliefs of Zen Buddhism closely enough to say that Muir understood …

Archeological Investigations Of The Caddo Lake Scholars Program At Caddo Lake State Park, Harrison County, Texas, 1993-1995, Bob D. Skiles, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Mike Turner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological investigations between 1993-1995 at Caddo State Park, reported herein, represent the initial efforts of the Caddo Lake Institute's archeology team to conduct an education/training program, as well as to begin the process of identifying important archeological and historical resources in the Caddo Lake Basin. The archeology team will undertake several archeological projects in 1995-1996 in the Caddo Lake bioregion, particularly in the RAMSAR Treaty lands (Caddo Lake Wildlife Management Area) and on adjoining tracts of private land. Students and mentors from the consortium of Caddo Lake Scholars Program universities and schools are invited to participate in our archeological efforts, …