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John Muir Newsletter, Spring 1993, John Muir Center For Regional Studies

Muir Center Newsletters (1981-2015)

John Muir Newsletter spring 1993 university of the pacific volume 3, number 2 1993 EARTH DAY CELEBRATES TH MUIR IMAGE by Janene Ford On a clear, sunny spring day the Earth Day Conservation Fair in Sacramento attracted thousands of people including large groups of school children. Sponsored by the California Department of Conservation, many organizations were invited to participate by setting up booths in front of the Capitol showing various aspects of recycling, alternative energy, conservation, and other reflections on "The Muir Image." The University of the Pacific, the John Muir National Historical Site, the Sierra Club and a number …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 42, No. 3, Margaret Clark Reynolds, Mary Lou Robson Fleming, Lee C. Hopple

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Assimilation and Acculturation in a Pennsylvania-German Landscape: The Nisley Family and its Architecture in the Lower Swatara Creek Basin
• Charles-Alexandre Lesueur of Paris, Philadelphia, and New Harmony, Indiana
• Religious-Geographical History of the Hutterian Brethren in Europe and Russia, 1523-1879

Yellow Ribbons, D. Scott Drake

English Theses & Dissertations

Yellow Ribbons is a feature-film screenplay that dramatizes various aspects of the Persian Gulf War. The hero of the story, Lieutenant Jason Hart, a talented but quixotic naval fighter pilot, participates in one of the last allied offensive military actions: the bombing of the retreating Iraqi army. Jake suffers a crisis of conscience in the climactic moment of the bombing and decides that he cannot continue to serve the navy as a fighter pilot. The story then shifts from the Persian Gulf to the United States. There Jake encounters a new set of obstacles as he struggles with his experience …

Fragments From A Work In Progress, Elizabeth Allen

Trotter Review

A long time ago in a place far away, a place called Vietnam, I had to come to grips with the monkey. The monkey was not war. As a colored woman born in the forties, the monkey was life. Vietnam just forced me to look at it. Maybe it allowed me the opportunity. Who knows. Looking back at it has been almost impossible. You see, growing up my grandmother would always say when I wanted to explain something, "Baby-darling, will talking about something that has already happened change it?" Of course it wouldn't change anything. Any fool knows that. "Well," …

African Americans And The Persian Gulf Crisis, Jacquelin Howard-Matthews

Trotter Review

This article addresses two issues: the African-American response to United States involvement in the 1990-91 Persian Gulf war and interrelated factors explaining the nature of that response. Despite the historical symbolism associated with African-American participation and disproportionate representation in the military, African Americans composed the most consistently identifiable strata either opposed to or suspicious of the deployment of U.S. troops and military equipment in the Gulf. The pattern of African-American response to the Gulf War is remarkably similar to its underlying reactions to military conflicts taking place in the recent past, including the Vietnam War and Laos invasion of the …

Acknowledgements, Kevin Bowen, David Hunt

Trotter Review

All of us at the William Joiner Center for the Study of War and Social Consequences are extremely grateful to our friends at the Trotter Institute for the opportunity to collaborate on this issue of the Trotter Review. It seems especially appropriate that this issue is being published at the time of the tenth anniversary of the founding of the center, named after William Joiner, Jr., an African-American veteran of the Vietnam War and the university's first director of Veterans' Affairs who died of cancer in 1981.

A Salute To African Americans Who Served In The United States Armed Forces, Harold Horton

Trotter Review

African Americans have volunteered to participate in every war or conflict in which the United States has been engaged. This is true despite their ancestors having been slaves for 244 years of America's history.

From the Revolutionary War to the Vietnam War, African Americans have demanded the right to serve their country in the armed services and, in several instances, they have made the difference between victory or defeat for American troops. Throughout this history, African Americans were ever cognizant of the dual freedoms—their own personal freedom as well as the nation's—for which they so bravely fought and gave their …

Introduction, William King

Trotter Review

Bloods. Brothers. The Griot. Vietnam Blues. Black Bitches Dancing With Charlie. These titles, and numerous articles, essays, poems, government reports, films, and related items, describe and detail various aspects of the black experience of the American war in Vietnam, the situation on the homefront during that conflict, and some of the things that happened to black veterans upon their return to the "world" in the postwar years. That only selected aspects of that experience are covered arises from the fact that blacks were not nearly as prolific inrecapitulating their tours of duty, forcing us to get at that information …

Preface, James Jennings

Trotter Review

It gives me great pleasure to be part of the publication of this special issue on blacks in the U.S. military. Blacks in America have sacrificed their lives in all of the wars involving the U.S. at the same time that they have struggled for social and racial justice at home. Unfortunately, pervasive myths about the military sacrifices and valor of blacks in this country continue to be held by many Americans. It is also sad that too many blacks find that the military may be the only channel available to them for the realization of social and economic mobility. …

Data Recovery At Justiceburg Reservior (Lake Alan Henry), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 2, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The second of three seasons of Phase III data recovery at Justiceburg Reservoir (Lake Alan Henry), located on the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, was conducted during the summer of 1991. 11le work included survey of dam borrow areas and site recording in and near these construction zones, limited work at selected rock art sites, geological investigation of an upland playa, and intensive investigations at two primarily Protohistoric period archeological sites. Pedestrian survey of active borrow areas resulted in the discovery and emergency recording and evaluation of site 41GR606 at the mouth …

The Pacific Guano Islands: The Stirring Of American Empire In The Pacific Ocean, Dan O'Donnell

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Archaeology, The Caddo Indian Tribe, And The Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act, Mary C. Carter

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Caddo leadership has a long history of working cooperatively with foreign governments. In the seventeenth century, they cooperated with Spanish officials and missionaries who wanted to establish themselves among the southern branch of Caddo tribes--the Hasinai in Northeast Texas. In the eighteenth century, they cooperated with the French who wanted to establish trading posts on the Red River among the Natchitoches and Kadohadacho. In the nineteenth century they cooperated with Americans to establish peaceful relationships with unfriendly tribe. For Caddos, the result of these cooperative efforts was disillusion, decimation, displacement, and finally dispossession. Now, with new hope in the twentieth …

Dental Paleopathologies In The Sanders Site (41lr2) Population From Lamar County, Texas, Diane E. Wilson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Dental health, like skeletal health, reflects the natural and social environment, as well as genetics. This paper focuses on the results of stress on the teeth once they have erupted; stresses include chemical, mechanical, and pathogenic forces. These forces are primarily the result of dietary factors. The specific aspects of dental health examined in this paper are cariogenesis, dental attrition, antemortem tooth loss, and abscessing. These dental paleopathologies primarily reflect diet and food processing strategies.

Throughout the Americas, dental disorders have increased with the adoption of maize agriculture. Reliance on maize provides a sticky, carbohydraterich dietary staple that is favorable …

A Summary Of The History Of The Caddo People, Frank F. Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

I am pleased and very honored that you have invited me here today to tell you something about the past of the Caddo people as it is known to archaeologists. This is a subject that has been both my occupation and my major preoccupation for more than 25 years. The story that I and other archaeologists have been piecing together over many years is long, complex, and endlessly fascinating. It is a heritage that anyone could be proud of. Let me give you some of the highlights.

The story began over 11,500 years ago--or about 9,500 B.C.--when the first people …

The Z.V. Davis-Mcpeek Site, An Early Caddoan Mound Site In The Little Cypress Creek Valley, Upshur County, Texas, Bo Nelson, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Z.V. Davis-McPeek site (41UR4/99) is an Early Caddoan period mound and habitation area located in northwest Upshur County. The mound is on a broad terrace along Little Cypress Creek, in the western portion of the Cypress Basin. Since the initial recording of the site some 60 years ago, there have been several different but limited investigations there, but none have been published. These limited investigations, coupled with the uncertainty of the site's exact location (see below), prompted the authors (with the able assistance of Mike Turner) to relocate the site, assemble known information about it, evaluate the current condition …

A Two-Phase Or Tiered Caddo Mound At The Camp Joy Site (41ur144), Lake 0' The Pines, Mike Turner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

As the United States expanded in the late eighteenth century and through most of the nineteenth century, much interest and question was raised over the increasing numbers of earthen mounds and earthen constructions encountered by the settlers moving westward across the southeastern woodlands. Mounds? Mound builders? Enough questions were raised about their origins that in 1881, the Division of Mound Exploration of the Bureau of Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, was established to address and resolve these issues. The work of the Division of Mound Exploration can be considered the first "modern archeology" done in the United States. Their mound research covered …

Chipped Glass, Ceramics, And Axe Handles, Claude Mccrocklin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This is a brief paper on chipped glass and Euro-American ceramics found on Historic Indian sites in the ARK-LA-TEX region. These tools have long puzzled archaeologists as to their use, and still do to some extent today; hopefully this paper will clarify matters. Chipped and pressure-flaked glass was probably used differently from chipped ceramic tools, since the latter were softer and not as sharp as the bottle glass. As most of the chipped tools found were made of glass, this paper will deal primarily with them.

The Problem Of Site Looting In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

It is likely that looting by treasure hunters and grave robbers has destroyed thousands of sites in East Texas. In the last 5 to 10 years, the vandalism and looting of archeological sites by commercial looters on private, state, and federal property has reached epidemic proportions. Undisturbed Caddoan Indian habitation sites and cemeteries, thought to date from about 1200 to 200 years B.P., are very vulnerable to disturbance and destruction by commercial collectors and looters. These folks are. destroying forever irreplaceable evidence about Texas' cultural heritage.

The looting and vandalism of Caddoan sites has been a persistent Texas problem since …

Archaeological Investigations At The Tobert Potter And Harriet Ames Cabin (41mr51) On Potter's Point, Caddo Lake, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper discusses recent archaeological investigations at the Robert Potter and Harriet Ames cabin site (41MR51) on Caddo Lake at Potter's Point. The cabin site represents a relatively intact mid-nineteenth century archaeological deposit from a Northeast Texas cultural resource of considerable historical significance.

The site was located by Mr. Claude McCrocklin and members of the Louisiana Archaeological Society in the summer of 1992. The artifacts collected from these limited investigations were then turned over to the author for study as the first step in assessing the site's archaeological character and preservation potential.

Data Recovery Efforts At The Millville Mill Site (41rk223), Rusk County, Texas, Eugene R. Foster Jr., Wayne Glander

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In September 1993, data recovery efforts were undertaken by Espey, Huston & Associates, Inc. (EH&A) of Austin, Texas, to mitigate the effects of lignite mining on site 41RK223 in Texas Utilities Mining Company's Oak Hill/2280 Acre Mine permit area of north-central Rusk County, Texas. The data recovery efforts were planned and conducted in coordination with the Department of Antiquities Protection at the Texas Historical Commission (THC) and Mr. Matthew Tanner of TU Services. The site was originally recorded by EH&A during a 1989 survey of the Oak Hill/2280 Acre Mine permit area based on information received from local informants, Orville …

Four Clovis Points From San Augustine County, Texas, Kenneth M. Brown

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Four surface-collected Clovis points (two complete, two fragmentary) from the northeastern valley margin of the Angelina River in San Augustine County are described. One specimen is made from Manning fused glass and is the oldest artifact known to have been made of that rock type. The others appear to be made of chert from the Edwards Plateau.

Artifact Repatriation And Collection Documentation, Dan E. Mcgregor

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) became law in November 1990, giving Native Americans control over the disposition of human remains and certain artifacts with which they have "cultural affiliation". For East Texas, most Native American burials are unquestionably affiliated with the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma. Implementation of NAGPRA will affect the archaeological data base for East Texas. Repatriation of human remains and associated artifacts to the Caddo Tribe will be required of most curation facilities with collections from this region. Under NAGPRA, future excavation and analysis of human remains and associated artifacts will become increasingly difficult …

Problems In The Preservation And Study Of Archaeological Metals In East Texas, Jay C. Blaine

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Dee Ann Story recently pointed out how little really is known about the archaeology of Texas Caddoan sites. Specifically, she notes how very few Caddoan sites have been systematically excavated and analyzed in Texas.

There has been some substantial effort in this direction recently as witnessed by the renewed investigations at the Sam Kaufman (Roitsch) site by the Texas Archeological Society and the Texas Historical Commission. However, it seems evident to some of us that while investigations of the prehistoric Caddoan archaeological data base has been less than adequate, our understanding of historic Caddoan groups remains even less satisfactory. In …

Vulnerability Of Archeological Sites In East Texas, James E. Corbin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A discussion concerning the vulnerable archeological sites in East Texas, or anywhere for that matter, is a serious and complex one, primarily because all archaeological sites are vulnerable. Of course, it must be understood that it is the very nature of archaeological sites to be threatened with destruction.

Means Of Site Preservation In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Although thousands of archeological sites are destroyed annually in Texas, there are effective ways to preserve them using existing State and Federal laws and regulations. These are not simply paperwork exercised, since the tangible results help to insure that prehistoric and historic sites are preservedas a special trust for the benefit of Texas' future generations. I encourage all persons interested in protecting and preserving the heritage of Texas to be an advocate to public and private landowners about site preservation.

Rather than review in detail applicable State and Federal laws about site preservation, a summary paper has been distributed here …

Possible Archaeological Sites Within The City Limits Of Jefferson, Texas, Thomas E. Speir

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In 1992, the author accompanied a longtime resident of Jefferson on a tour of the city to examine historic and prehistoric sites within the city limits that might be of archaeological interest. He became aware of many of these sites over 20 years ago while growing up in the area. The condition of the sites has, of course, changed radically since that time. Enough information about the sites was revealed to indicate where it might be worthwhile in the future to do more extensive archaeological and historical research.

We began our tour at 12:00 noon on July 24, 1992. My …

The West Island Site (41mxi65), Kevin King, Mike Turner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper describes a set of artifacts collected from the West Island site, a poorly known Titus phase cemetery in Ellison Creek Reservoir. The site is on a small knoll adjacent to a small spring branch that flows into the now-inundated Ellison Creek, a tributary of Big Cypress Creek.

The site knoll is now no more than one foot (30 em) above the normal pool elevation of Ellison Creek Reservoir, and it is usually totally submerged. Up to five feet (1.52 meters) of white sand caps the knoll, and overlies the clay subsoil. Due to continued submergence, the knoll is …

Alley's Mills: A 19th Century Mill Town, Mary C. Jones

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Alley's Mills town site was discovered' while examining a timber tract on Alley's Creek for a harvest cut by International Paper. A deep, rock-lined well, and a profusion of handmade bricks was discovered on a small knoll overlooking Alley's Creek, a tributary of Big Cypress Creek. Also found on the knoll were pieces of whiteware pottery, English blue transfer china, square nails, and glass fragments.

I contacted a local historian, Mr. Fred McKenzie, about the site. We walked over the site, which he had discovered several years ago. In the creek bottom, he pointed out an earthen structure that …

The Carlisle Site (41wd46), A Middle Caddoan Occupation On The Sabine River, Wood County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bob D. Skiles, Bonnie C. Yates

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Carlisle site (41WD46) is located on the Sabine River near its confluence with Lake Fork Creek in the Upper Sabine River Basin. As defined by Perttula, the Upper Sabine River Basin includes the area from the headwaters of the Sabine River to the mouths of Cherokee Bayou and Hatley Creek at the western edge of the Sabine Uplift. Lake Fork Creek is one of several large south-southeastward flowing streams within the Upper Sabine River Basin. The town of Mineola is approximately 13 kilometers (km) west of the Carlisle site.

The site is situated at the tip of an upland …

Caddoan Reburial, Thomas E. Speir

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On February 7, 1993 in eastern Texas, the remains of a prehistoric Caddoan Indian were reburied in the original grave. A small ceremony was held to mark the occasion. Representatives of the Caddo Tribe from Oklahoma and Louisiana were in attendance, as were members of the Nonheast Texas Archeological Society (NETAS). This report deals with one case of recently excavated human remains.