Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Institutionalizing Femininity: A History Of Medical Malpractice And Oppression Of Women Through 19th Century American Mental Asylums, Ciara E. Pruett

Young Historians Conference

“Institutionalizing Femininity” explores the origins of the medicalization of gender norms in 19th century mental asylums. This paper examines the connections between rampant medical malpractice in 19th century American mental asylums, and how these abuses were a symptom of the patriarchy in the medical community acting to oppress the female psyche. One of the major issues this paper examines is the indistinguishability between psychiatry and gynecology in this time period. Gynecologists created the notion that women’s reproductive organs made them insane, by arguing that issues in the uterus or reproductive organs, or simply possessing female reproductive organs could cause insanity. …

Law And Cultural Attitudes Towards Abortion: Ancient Civilizations To Present, Scarlett O. Anderson

Young Historians Conference

Abortion, the termination of a pregnancy, has been practiced throughout history in various forms and frequencies. The controversy of the procedure has prevailed similarly, evident from its earliest documentation to recent legal decisions. Statutory legal sanctions were scarce in ancient civilizations, and differing opinions were recorded in early medical, religious, and philosophical texts. These texts influenced centuries of common law & cultural attitudes toward the practice. Debate about the role of fetal viability, ethicality, and safety of the procedure wove their way into the public conscience. These ancient conceptions influenced the widespread emergence of statutory abortion law in the 19th …

Menstruation Products And Perceptions: Breaking Through The Crimson Ceiling, Ava Colleran

Young Historians Conference

This paper examines different views on menstruation throughout history and their effects on social, political, and economic landscapes. The ancient Greeks, Romans, and Mayans all believed in the supposed ‘magical powers’ of menstrual blood. These societies held their own ideas on the limits of these magical abilities, and the good and evil forces they could be used for. Throughout these ancient societies, menstruation was used as a justification for the increased control of the state and men over women’s bodies. If menstrual blood did have these magical powers, it was a power that needed to be limited and controlled so …

33rd Annual Young Historians Conference Program, Portland State University History Department, Portland State University Challenge Program

Young Historians Conference

This is the 2023 Young Historians Conference schedule and abstracts.

310 - The Politics Of Queerness: A Multimedia Gallery, Frances Sharples

GREAT Day Posters

This gallery will display multimedia poetic pieces inspired by the artist's capstone on the politics of queer poetics. The gallery complements a presentation analyzing the work of many queer poets and theorists and is informed by the literary and creative studies conducted in this capstone.

Harry And The Rómulos: Relations Between The United States And Venezuela, 1946-1948, Ross Seidenschwarz, John Linn

ATU Scholars Symposium

This presentation briefly explores diplomatic relations between the United States and Venezuela during the period 1945 and 1948. While these years may seem arbitrary to United States historians, within Venezuela the three years were noted for a brief period of democracy, sandwiched between two periods of authoritarian rule. Known as the Trienio in Venezuelan history, the national government was headed by Rómulo Betancourt from October 1945 to February 1948 and Rómulo Gallegos from February to November 1948. Within the United States, this time period corresponds with parts of the first and second administrations of Harry S. Truman. This time period …

The Media Intervenes: Tulsa's 1921 Massacre And The Destruction Of The Greenwood District, Maclain M. Wheeler

ATU Scholars Symposium

This scholarly presentation and research paper focuses on the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, specifically the ways in which the media progressed and intensified the events the Greenwood community faced. A vibrant community filled with opportunity and promise, Greenwood welcomed any African American who accepted its warm embrace. Ransacked and burned to the ground within two days, Greenwood residents were forced to reckon with the destruction. Greenwood became unrecognizable. Properties and possessions that had taken people many years to acquire were gone within a matter of hours. The framing put forth by the Tulsa Tribune provoked much of the white public …

Changing Norms Of Masculinity In England, Corey Handley

Symposium of Student Scholars

Britain underwent massive changes as it went from a European power to a world power, the society that formed on the rainy island would be subject to the rapid changes of industrialization and the Financial revolution as British ships began to export and import goods all over the globe from the Americas to India. This new environment allowed a new class of wealthy Britons to be made who owned trade goods, consumed luxury goods, socialized with women, and was an urban man of business. This contrasted shapely with the idealized rough, land-owning, independent man who denied luxury goods as they …

The Levellers And The Folly Of Consolidated Power, Benjamin Malik

Symposium of Student Scholars

Throughout the British civil war, a large portion of the forces under Cromwell identified as “Levellers” an ideological sect that believed in radically expanding voting rights, redistribution of land, and greatly expanding how many representatives would be involved in the government to help distribute power. But by the end of the British Civil War, they were cast out of all areas of power or had coalesced into the more conservative sect of the post-war government. The levellers had two very different evolutions, the first was a rural reaction to the aristocracy starting to enclose the common land and not allowing …

Quaker Reception Of Benjamin Lay, Linda Ugoagwu

Symposium of Student Scholars

The earliest records of Britain’s involvement in the slave trade date back to as early as 1562, however it was only towards the early nineteenth century that faith was publicly used as a reason to denounce slavery. Benjamin Lay, belonging to the religious Quakers or Society of Friends often goes overlooked when studying the subject of abolition in Britain, however his relentless efforts may have had a monumental impact in bringing about this change, despite numerous and some rather uncanny attempts to silence him. This essay aims to inquire the reasoning behind Benjamin Lay being disowned by the Quakers twice …

But What Is Troy: Art In Queer Mourning, Ian Lamasney

Symposium of Student Scholars

Death is something that everyone, regardless of any arbitrary divisions, will inevitably have to experience. For a variety of reasons, queer mourning is not practiced the same way that straight society does - it manifests as raw anger at the society around them. Deconstruction and queer theory perspectives reveals political, social, and artistic strategies that inform recent visual art practice. Examinations of the work of Felix Gonzalez-Torres and John Boskovich, informed by queer theory perspectives, highlight similarities in the process of queer mourning in the late 20th century. In addition, discussion of the tale of Achilles and Patroclus recorded in …

Weber's Clarinet Concertino Opus 26, Cadence A. Graves

ATU Scholars Symposium

As a professional musician, it is important that one does not simply learn the notes and rhythms in a piece of music, but also the history surrounding it and its composer. There is much to learn about a piece of music and how it may be performed from original scores, performance history, and knowledge of the composer and the time period in which it was written. This lecture recital aims to open eyes to the amount of relevant knowledge one can gain from researching a piece of music’s composer, setting, and the importance of doing this research. This presentation will …

Perceptions Of Varying Types Of Health Conditions Among Arkansas Tech University Students, Leala A. Sorrell

ATU Scholars Symposium

Attitudes towards minor ailments, psychological conditions, chronic illnesses, and disabilities were measured among students of Arkansas Tech University through an online questionnaire. 10 questions were asked for each condition type for a total of 40 questions. Participants were asked to rate their level of agreeance from 1-5, 1 being “highly disagree” and 5 being “highly agree”. High scores (higher response rate of “strongly agree”) represented attitudes of Talcott Parsons’ sick role theory. Low scores (higher response rate of “strongly disagree”) represented attitudes of the ICF model and inclusiveness. The minor ailments/illnesses scale had the lowest mean score of 27.186. The …

Organs In Colonial New England Puritan Churches, Jacob Skaggs

ATU Scholars Symposium

Puritans, often referred to as the founders of America, held strict religious doctrines that alienated themselves from other Christians. One such doctrine is the outlawing of instruments in public worship. However, it took only about 150 years for such anti-instrument sentiments to shift towards acceptance. The reinstatement of organs in Puritan Churches seems to follow trends of increased religious tolerance caused by both theological and social developments. This paper relates organs to tolerance through examination of theological and musical documents from 17th and 18th century Puritans. This research provides a lens for examining today's church worship doctrines through the context …

Five Thousand Years Of Egyptian Double-Pipes And Musical Cultural Influences, Samuel T. Holtkamp

ATU Scholars Symposium

Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest of human societies to pursue the development of music, and many of the musical concepts they pioneered over five-thousand years ago are still in use. Along with the preservation of musical ideas, certain ancient Egyptian instruments have also stood the test of time, through both preservation and evolution. However, the development of these instruments from their ancient to modern forms is sparsely discussed. Along with this, virtually no research explores the evolution of these instrument forms from a chronological context. This paper seeks to investigate and chronologize forms of the ancient Egyptian double-pipe, …

"Laziness" And How It Affects Our Students, Wren Jenkins

ATU Scholars Symposium

This article analyzes the use of the term “lazy” in the educational setting, how this term affects students, and the pedagogical approaches educators can take within their subject areas to reduce stress for their students. Pedagogical decisions affect student stress, and this article provides suggestions to prevent student burnout in order to improve curricula offerings in secondary and higher-level classrooms. Results show that students often reduced to “lazy” are most likely struggling with an underlying cause for their lack of performance, such as stress, burnout, depression, anxiety-induced procrastination, unknown and undiagnosed mental challenges, and misguided apathy. Results concluded that to …

Little Rock's Unique Political Opportunities For Black Arkansans 1865 - 1905, Isaac J. Cross

ATU Scholars Symposium

From 1865 to 1905, black Arkansans experienced significant growth in political life, economic opportunities, social development, and legal protections. One of the most extraordinary and distinctive areas of change for black Arkansans was their increased involvement in political life, specifically office holding. After the Civil War, black Arkansans expanded their political opportunities in local elections, state positions, and federal appointments. However, this evolution did not provide equal opportunities to all black Arkansans. Urban areas of Arkansas experienced the most gains, for they contained significant pockets of middle-class black Arkansans able to take advantage of political opportunities. Cities in post-Civil War …

Leadership Education And Otherism, Jim Mohr, Kristine Hoover

International Conference on Hate Studies

Othering is often an overlooked ethical and theoretical issue in the field of Leadership Studies. The need for greater inclusion in our organizations and in our communities is more important than ever given the structural disparities in access to health care and education, in criminal justice sentencing, and in fulfillment of leadership roles themselves. People in positions of power have a responsibility to understand othering processes and their impacts in organizations (Palfreyman, 2005). Leadership education can help to form leaders who are more aware of the importance of the quality of their relationships with the Other, grounded in values of …

Understanding Hate Group Formation, Clairissa Breen

International Conference on Hate Studies

Within the past fifteen years, there have been as many as 1002 hate groups known to be active in the United States. Political, social, and economic climates have been ripe for hate ideologies to gain increased adherents and in some cases, even overt support. Previous examinations of hate groups have assumed formation. This presentation uses simulation modeling to test Hamm’s (2004) criminological theory of collective hate and Weber’s (1947) socio-political theory of charismatic leadership. Simulation modeling is designed to create a computer simulation that simplifies people and their interactions to mimic a real world event or phenomenon. Three different experiments …

Bias Against Asians, Black People, Hispanics/Latines, Jews, And Muslims On Twitter In 2020 And 2021, Gunther Jikeli

International Conference on Hate Studies

Hate speech on social media has been identified as a social problem. However, it is difficult to quantify how widespread hate speech is. We looked at conversations on Twitter about Asians, Black people, Jews, Hispanic/Latino people, and Muslims by manually annotating representative samples of tweets from 2020 and 2021 with the keywords “Asians, Blacks, Jews, Latinos, and Muslims.”

We found between 5 and 17 percent tweets were biased, depending on the keyword and year. This results in an estimated 8.3 million biased tweets during that period. However, there were even more tweets calling out bias against these minority groups, between …

The Limits Of Using An Anti-Semitism Rhetoric Against The Anti-Zionist Discourse: The Case Of Jewish Voice For Peace, Haoua Lebbal

International Conference on Hate Studies

This presentation tracks the historical manipulation of the anti-Semitic rhetoric, from the conservative Jewish reactions against the American Council of Judaism during WWII, to contemporary ones against the anti-Zionist activism of JVP. It also provides an insight into the scholarly and structured arguments proposed by JVP’s contributors against the anti-Semitic label and libel, and ultimately seeks to denounce the lexical and ideological manipulation of the anti-Semitism – both as a term and a phenomenon – by conservative parties for conservative prospects.

The Proud Boys Raging Righteously At The U.S. Capitol On January 6th, 2021: A Hate Group In Action, Daniel Rothbart

International Conference on Hate Studies

Righteous rage constitutes an expression of political power for many hate groups operating currently in the United States, enticing them toward emotionally charged aggression against their adversaries. We offer a case study of one such group—the Proud Boys—in the context of their violent attack of the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. Rather than a momentary feeling, their righteous rage is a potent force for forming, defining, and organizing their mission to overpower their adversaries. In particular, their righteous rage is defined by (a) behavioral manifestations, (b) the emotional contagious impact of such manifestations, and (c) the centrality of raging …

Re-Imagining Teacher Education As An Andragogy Of Hope, Ivon Prefontaine

International Conference on Hate Studies

Building on a co-authored book chapter, A Futures Perspective for an Andragogy of Hope, I propose to explore the role teachers can play in opening up hopeful pedagogical spaces for K-12 students. In the chapter, we describe a pedagogic/andragogic creed that includes “I am a teacher full of the spirit of hope, in spite of all that stands to the contrary. I am a teacher who refuses the disillusionment that consumes and immobilizes” (Freire, 2014, p. 94). This echoes my opening words which included the following from the Prayer of St. Francis: “where there is despair [let me sow] hope.” …

Ethno-Political Tribalism As A Cause Factor Of Inequality And Hate (Case Of The Central Asian Countries), Temirkhan Mukhambetov

International Conference on Hate Studies

The causes of conflicts that occur in different countries of the world are often indicated by the human instinct of tribalism. The article is devoted to the study, analysis and search for ways to solve the problems of ethnopolitical tribalism.

The main features of a tribal society are tribal strife, hostility towards other sub-ethnic groups. The ethno-political tribalism that often forms in such a society is one of the most dangerous phenomena, since the representatives of the dominant tribe who have seized power use the power of power to suppress competing tribes. As a result, instead of forming a national …

Vigilantism And Hate Motivated Mob Lynching Cases In India, Sumant Kumar

International Conference on Hate Studies

Vigilantism is not a new concept; it is a reflection of the platitude and failure of the state in which state always blames their own people for taking law into their hands, and by citizens, who justify their measures on state inactiveness. Vigilantism defines as “the act of taking the law into one’s own hands and attempting to enact justice according to one’s own understanding of right and wrong”. Incidents of mob lynching are encouraged within the atmosphere of hate, rumors and distrust created through continued propaganda. There are several incidents on murder, attempt to murder, harassment, assault, gang-rape etc. …

Visual Art In The Age Of Ai, Roshnica Gurung

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

Artists and researchers have been deeply interested in using AI programs that generate art for quite some time now. As a result, there have been many advancements in making AI more accessible and easier to use for the public. This is because AI is not just for business anymore. Nowadays an individual without a college degree with even the slightest interest in art can go on a website like Stable Diffusion and create an artistic image using a text prompt in a quick couple minutes. The only limit is your imagination- and your internet’s stability. This accessibility was a huge …

Religious Foundations: The Educational And Conceptual Designs Of The Founding Of Mr. Jefferson's University, Schuyler Ogden

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Textual or Investigative

Visualizing The Spread Of Western Music Throughout The World Using Big Data, Dakota C. Cookenmaster

Campus Research Month

Music, perhaps the most prevailing form of art throughout the ages, has impacted the world in countless ways. Due to the vast magnitude of published musical compositions, it is difficult to comprehend the full extent of how Western music has spread from Europe to the rest of the world. Our contribution is a presentation of the history of music throughout the ages, highlighting the countries of publication by year since the 15th century. Our visualization also exhibits the top 10 most prevalent composers within the British Library, with additional information such as the composers’ number of works and lifespan.

The Instability Of Fortunes: American Expansion Westward By The Conquering Of The Trans-Appalachian Frontier, Steven Sullivan

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Textual or Investigative

Can Feminism And Christianity Coexist According To 40 Christian Women?, Riley George

Liberty University Research Week

Graduate

Applied