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University of Alabama at Birmingham

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Articles 3901 - 3930 of 5836

Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Biological, Ecological, And Conservational Implications Of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination In Sea Turtle Populations, Jennifer Estes Layton Jan 2011

Biological, Ecological, And Conservational Implications Of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination In Sea Turtle Populations, Jennifer Estes Layton

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Various aspects of TSD were examined in two different sea turtle populations, representing two sea turtle species. Sex ratio was examined in the juvenile portion of the loggerhead sea turtle population in the southeastern U.S. Turtles were captured in the intake channel of the St. Lucie Nuclear Power plant on the central Atlantic coast of Florida. Blood samples were collected from a total of 111 juvenile turtles from May 2005 through April 2007, and the samples were analyzed in a testosterone radioimmunoassay that was validated for use as a sexing technique for sea turtles. The results suggest a significant female-biased …

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Exhaustion Renders Cd8 T Cells Unresponsive To Antigen-Independent Activation And Is Characterized By Il-18 Receptor Downregulation, Jennifer T. Ingram Jan 2011

Exhaustion Renders Cd8 T Cells Unresponsive To Antigen-Independent Activation And Is Characterized By Il-18 Receptor Downregulation, Jennifer T. Ingram

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During many chronic infections virus-specific CD8 T cells succumb to exhaustion as they lose their ability to respond to antigenic activation. Combinations of interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18, and IL-21 have been shown to induce the antigen-independent production of IFN-γ by effector and memory CD8 T cells. In this study we investigated whether exhausted CD8 T cells are sensitive to activation by these cytokines. We show that effector and memory, but not exhausted, CD8 T cells produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and upregulate CD25 following exposure to certain combinations of IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21. This unresponsiveness was associated with downregulation of the IL-18 receptor …

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Substance-Dependent Tasc Offenders Taking Psychotropic Pharmacotherapy--Associated Factors, Substance Use Outcomes, And Criminal Diversion Outcomes, Dorothy Octavia Jackson Jan 2011

Substance-Dependent Tasc Offenders Taking Psychotropic Pharmacotherapy--Associated Factors, Substance Use Outcomes, And Criminal Diversion Outcomes, Dorothy Octavia Jackson

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Current evidence suggests that persons with co-occurring disorders (COD) are at risk for poorer treatment outcomes in terms of substance use and recidivism. Studies have examined this trend in incarcerated individuals, but few have examined COD offenders under community supervision. The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model to identify offenders under community corrections supervision with substance use diagnoses who were actively taking psychotropic medications (SUPM) as an index of COD and to compare demographics, social histories, and sexual risk behaviors for SUPM offenders to offenders with a substance use disorder (SUD) only and those who met …

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Statistical Analysis Of Curve Fitting In Errors In-Variables Models, Ali Abdelkareem Al-Sharadqah Jan 2011

Statistical Analysis Of Curve Fitting In Errors In-Variables Models, Ali Abdelkareem Al-Sharadqah

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This dissertation is devoted to the problem of fitting geometric curves such as lines, circles, and ellipses to a set of experimental observations whose both coordinates are contaminated with noisy errors. This kind of regression is called Errors-in-Variables models (EIV), which is quite different and much more difficult to solve than the classical regression. This research study is motivated by the wide range of EIV applications in computer vision and image processing. We adopted statistical assumptions suitable for these applications and we studied the statistical properties of two kinds of fits; geometric fit and algebraic fit for line, circle and …

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The Effect Of The Release Of A Thermal Stressor On Bluegill (Lepomis Macrochirus) Morphology And Physiology, Jessica Eagar Jan 2011

The Effect Of The Release Of A Thermal Stressor On Bluegill (Lepomis Macrochirus) Morphology And Physiology, Jessica Eagar

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Temperature is considered a very important abiotic factor in fish communities. An increase in water temperature, as is found with the use of nuclear production reactors, can act as a stressor in aquatic systems. The P-reactor, operational from 1954-1988, on the Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina, utilized the Par Pond Reservoir System as part of its cooling mechanisms. During reactor operation, heated effluents were displaced into Pond C, causing the water to be heated to around 45° C. Fischer (1994) found that the bluegill population had adapted with changes to their morphology and physiology. The bluegill from the …

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From Brown To Bakke: Race Change And The Birmingham City Schools, 1963-1983, Johnmark Allen Edwards Jan 2011

From Brown To Bakke: Race Change And The Birmingham City Schools, 1963-1983, Johnmark Allen Edwards

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When in 1954 the US Supreme Court declared that "separate but equal" was inherently not equal, every segregated school system in America was supposed to desegregate. This was easier said than done, and more successful in some systems than others. Here is a case study of that episode in American history focused on Birmingham, Alabama. This city's tumultuous road to educational desegregation unfolded in four phases: non-compliance (1954-1963), incremental desegregation (1963-1967), "freedom of choice" (1967-1970) and zoned integration (1970-1983). In this context, the thesis has three objectives: first, to explore how people of Birmingham - black and white, male and …

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Characteristics Of Juveniles Charged With Domestic Violence In The Jefferson County Family Court And The Effect Of Prior Domestic Violence Conviction On Case Disposition., Omobolanle Atinuke Ene-Korubo Jan 2011

Characteristics Of Juveniles Charged With Domestic Violence In The Jefferson County Family Court And The Effect Of Prior Domestic Violence Conviction On Case Disposition., Omobolanle Atinuke Ene-Korubo

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Juvenile violence has received considerable attention both in criminological literature and policy circles, but this attention has largely ignored juvenile domestic violence offending, which is a growing problem in the Jefferson County Family Court. This study identifies the characteristics of juvenile domestic offenders in the Jefferson County Family Court, and examines the effect of prior domestic violence conviction on case disposition. Results indicate that these juveniles are black, males, inschool and the most likely victim of the violence is the juveniles mother. Prior domestic violence offending has no statistically significant effect on case disposition.

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Synthesis And Optical Characterization Of Molecular And Polymeric Phosphonate-Substituted Bithiophene Derivatives, Jason Lee Freeman Jan 2011

Synthesis And Optical Characterization Of Molecular And Polymeric Phosphonate-Substituted Bithiophene Derivatives, Jason Lee Freeman

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The synthesis and optical characterization of a series of novel molecular and polymeric phosphonate-substituted bithiophenes are reported. Many of the compounds reported herein exhibit good nonlinear optical absorption and emission properties in the violet-blue spectral region. The first chapter investigates a series of molecular phosphonate bithiophenes derived from 2,2′-biphenol, BpP(X)(C4H2S)2H and BpP(X)(C4H2S)2P(X)Bp (Bp = 2,2′-C12H8O2; X = O, S , Se). Their syntheses have been optimized, and solid-state structures of two of these compounds are reported. The linear absorption spectra, emission spectra, and emission quantum yields show distinct trends with respect to the chalcogen attached to the phosphorus and the …

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An Evaluation Of Dietary Lipids On Growth Performance In The Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), Victoria K. Gibbs Jan 2011

An Evaluation Of Dietary Lipids On Growth Performance In The Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), Victoria K. Gibbs

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Sea urchin fisheries are declining across the world, and sea urchin aquaculture will be an important alternative to wild-caught fisheries. A significant aspect of a successful sea urchin culture operation is the formulation of nutritionally-complete diets with the potential to support optimal growth and health to sea urchins at different life stages. Due to the ecological variety of sea urchin species, the inclusion level and source of the various macronutrients and micronutrients needed for a complete diet must be carefully considered for each sea urchin species. Lytechinus variegatus is an echinoid species commonly found in the northern Gulf of Mexico, …

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Violating The Code: Inmates' Justifications For Failing To Uphold The Code, Anastasia Gwyn Brown Jan 2011

Violating The Code: Inmates' Justifications For Failing To Uphold The Code, Anastasia Gwyn Brown

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Many theories have been created in hope of explaining why people deviate from societal norms to commit crimes. However, Elijah Anderson's Code of the Streets has recently grown in popularity as an explanation for street crime that construes criminal behavior more adequately than previous theories. Recent empirical evidence of researchers such as Anderson suggests the existence of an insidious street culture whose members identify themselves not with conventional norms, but instead with the standards of the street culture. To violate this street code would be to jeopardize self esteem and risk ostracism, further victimization, and often physical safety. However, people …

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Exploration Of Attitudes Toward Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Stephanie Chopko Jan 2011

Exploration Of Attitudes Toward Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Stephanie Chopko

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Individuals with disabilities, and with intellectual disabilities/mental retardation (ID/MR) in particular, have a long history of being overlooked in many different areas, including research, service provision, health care, education, and treatment. Recent research has suggested that the attitudes that are held by individuals in the general population toward individuals with ID/MR has not changed significantly over the past 50 years, both nationally and internationally. Attitudes can be powerful. Social psychologists have documented how the perception or attitude that an individual holds about another can lead to confirmation of that perception, even if it is not valid, by means of the …

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Gas Phase Laser Synthesis And Processing Of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications, Parimal Vilas Bapat Jan 2011

Gas Phase Laser Synthesis And Processing Of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications, Parimal Vilas Bapat

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Biochemical processes make pervasive use of calcium and phosphate ions. Calcium phosphate salts that are naturally nontoxic and bioactive have been used for several medical applications in form of coatings and micropowders. Nanoparticle-based calcium phosphates have been shown to be internalized by living cells and be effective in DNA transfection, drug delivery, and transport of fluorophores for imaging of intracellular processes. They are also expected to interact strongly with cell adhesive proteins and are therefore promising elements in approaches to mimic the complex environment of the extra cellular matrix of bone. Harnessing this biomedical potential requires the ability to control …

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Model Transformation By Demonstration: A User-Centric Approach To Support Model Evolution, Yu Sun Jan 2011

Model Transformation By Demonstration: A User-Centric Approach To Support Model Evolution, Yu Sun

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Domain-Specific Modeling (DSM) is an innovative software development methodology that raises the specification of software to graphical models at a high-level of abstraction using domain concepts available in a language that is defined by a metamodel. Using DSM, models become first-class entities in the construction of software systems, and therefore model evolution becomes as important as code evolution in traditional software development. Model transformation is a core technology of DSM that converts a source model to a target model, which plays a significant role in supporting model evolution activities. A common approach toward model transformation is to write transformation rules …

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Gossom Switch And The Zearn Master, Donna Gossom Thomas Jan 2011

Gossom Switch And The Zearn Master, Donna Gossom Thomas

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Gossom Switch is a creative nonfiction piece which traces my paternal roots. This narrative explores the family bond, racial segregation, slavery, and civil rights. Although Gossom Switch is a personal journey, my story is also universal and historical. The Zearn Master is a middle-grade fiction novel. While the main purpose of this novel is to entertain, like my creative nonfiction it focuses on family, especially the bond between siblings. This piece is also universal in that it centers around the sport of basketball.

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Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Characterization Of Gunshot Residue And Bullet Wipe, Kristina Jenee' Truitt Jan 2011

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Characterization Of Gunshot Residue And Bullet Wipe, Kristina Jenee' Truitt

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Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used to quickly determine the elemental composition of gas, liquid, and solid samples with minimal sample preparation. A LIBS instrument commonly incorporates a ND:Yag Laser and a CCD or Eschelle detector. The laser pulse ablates material from a sample, producing a high temperature plasma. The plasma emits light at wavelengths that are characteristic of the elements ablated from the sample. The emission of the plasma is collected and analyzed by a detector within the LIBS system. The advantages of LIBS are that the method is relatively non-destructive, very little sample preparation is required, …

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The Effect Of Optimism On The Relationship Between Religiosity And Spirituality Among Elderly Christians, Matthew West Jan 2011

The Effect Of Optimism On The Relationship Between Religiosity And Spirituality Among Elderly Christians, Matthew West

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Older Americans represent one of the most devout groups of religious people in America, yet research is consistently scarce on how to use this characteristic in mental health interventions. This study uses Ordinary Least Squares regression of a 2004, national sample of older Christian Americans to assess the relationship between private prayer, church attendance, prayer group participation, religious meaning, optimism, and depressive symptomology. Previous work has found a strong positive relationship between religion and health outcomes. The present endeavor goes beyond examining the main effects of such relationships to look at a possible moderating mechanism--optimism. Controlling for demographic variables and …

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Gender, Race, Power And Condom-Use: Understanding Relationship Power And Condom-Use Among Young Heterosexually-Active Adults, Tara L. Jones Jan 2011

Gender, Race, Power And Condom-Use: Understanding Relationship Power And Condom-Use Among Young Heterosexually-Active Adults, Tara L. Jones

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GENDER, RACE, POWER AND CONDOM-USE: UNDERSTANDING RELATIONSHIP POWER AND CONDOM-USE AMONG YOUNG HETEROSEXUALLY-ACTIVE ADULTS HIV/AIDS continues to be a significant public health threat among heterosexual-ly-active females in the United States, particularly among Black females. Rates of HIV infection among heterosexually-active, non-injection drug using females have been in-creasing since the 1990s. Previous research recommends the need to consider the gen-dered and cultural context within which these infections are occurring. This research re-sponds to these recommendations by using Connell's (1987) theory of gender and power as a theoretical guide to test the following research questions: 1. Does relationship power differ by sex …

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Explaining Racial Differences In Mci Classification In The Active Sample, Bridgett Hill Kennedy Jan 2011

Explaining Racial Differences In Mci Classification In The Active Sample, Bridgett Hill Kennedy

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is 2 to 5 times more common than dementia and can be a predisposing marker for the development of dementia. African Americans are reported to be at an increased risk for developing MCI when compared to Caucasians. The purpose of the present study was to examine reasons for racial disparity in rates of MCI classification and, in particular, whether preservation of functional abilities over time occurs among African Americans so classified, suggesting possible misclassification. Level and quality of education and prevalence of vascular disease were examined as mediators of the racial disparity in MCI classification. Previously …

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Fmri Reactivity To Trial Difficulty On A Delay Discounting Task Predicts Weight Gain In Obese Women, Felix Kishinevsky Jan 2011

Fmri Reactivity To Trial Difficulty On A Delay Discounting Task Predicts Weight Gain In Obese Women, Felix Kishinevsky

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Obesity is a serious public health issue. Obesity may be accompanied by abnor-malities in executive function circuitry related to impulsivity. A useful task for studying impulsivity is the delay discounting (DD) of money task, in which an individual chooses in a series of trials between an immediate and a delayed, but greater, amount of money. On the DD task, individuals with various addictions make more immediate than delayed choices, compared to controls. Similar results have been observed in obese compared to healthy-weight women. Functional neuroimaging studies in addicted individuals have found that lower activation in executive function/inhibitory control areas during …

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An Examination Of Secondary Metabolites And Inorganic Acids As Chemical Defenses Against Predation And Fouling In Antarctic And Sub-Tropical Ascidians, Gil Koplovitz Jan 2011

An Examination Of Secondary Metabolites And Inorganic Acids As Chemical Defenses Against Predation And Fouling In Antarctic And Sub-Tropical Ascidians, Gil Koplovitz

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Palatability of outer tissues of 12 species of ascidians from the Western Antarctic Peninsula was evaluated using the sympatric, omnivorous predator fish Notothenia coriiceps and sea star Odontaster validus. Tissues of 100% of those tested were unpalatable to fish, while 58% were unpalatable to sea stars. Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of 11 species were incorporated into pellets and tested in fish and sea star bioassays. Only the lipophilic extract from Distaplia colligans caused sea star and fish feeding deterrence. Organic extracts from 10 ascidian species were also examined in food pellet assays using the sympatric, omnivorous amphipod Gondogeneia antarctica. Only …

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Sexual Orientation And Risk: Patterns Of Association Across Outcomes, Penny S. Loosier Jan 2011

Sexual Orientation And Risk: Patterns Of Association Across Outcomes, Penny S. Loosier

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This study highlights associations between sexual orientation and risk outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood using an expanded measure of sexual orientation. Recent data indicate higher levels of risk behavior in a newly identified population, mostly heterosexuals, as compared to heterosexuals. Comparisons among groups using an expanded measure of sexual orientation such as this, however, often do not include all possible groups or may restrict comparisons between groups. Data were derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health); participants identified as heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, bisexual, mostly gay, or gay. Risk outcomes were parental mistreatment, home displacement, …

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Identification Of Putative Gene Targets Of Pgc-1alpha In The Brain: Insights Into Inhibitory Neuron Maturation, Physiology, And Behavior, Elizabeth Lucas Jan 2011

Identification Of Putative Gene Targets Of Pgc-1alpha In The Brain: Insights Into Inhibitory Neuron Maturation, Physiology, And Behavior, Elizabeth Lucas

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The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a master regulator of energy homeostasis in peripheral tissues, and it has been assumed that PGC-1α plays a similar role in the brain. Previous work has shown that PGC-1α localizes to neurons that express high levels of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase of 67 kDa (GAD67) during early postnatal development, leading us to hypothesize that PGC-1α regulates gene expression primarily in GABAergic neurons. We initially investigated the distribution of inhibitory neuron markers in PGC-1α -/- mice and observed a striking reduction in expression of the Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin …

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Contracts, Consent, And Fate: Framing The Chinese Civil Service Examinations As Mechanisms Of Social Conditioning And Political Domination, Forrest Cale Mcsweeney Jan 2011

Contracts, Consent, And Fate: Framing The Chinese Civil Service Examinations As Mechanisms Of Social Conditioning And Political Domination, Forrest Cale Mcsweeney

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Though the form of civil service examinations in pre-modern Imperial China was dynamic, their function was comparatively static. In every era, they were principally an institution designed to either assist or outright effect the creation of an economy of social hierarchy designed to ensure social an economic domination. This function changed only with respect to what kind of hierarchy was to be created: either aristocratic, gentry, or just as often ethnic. The exams' evolution culminated in an era of understood autocracy after the Song characterized by the state's structure as one ultimately tailored to enable the despotic rule of one …

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Study Of The Cold Adaptive Mechanisms In Antarctic Bacteria And Investigation Of The Chemotherapeutic And Antimicrobial Potential Of Their Pigments, Nazia Mojib Jan 2011

Study Of The Cold Adaptive Mechanisms In Antarctic Bacteria And Investigation Of The Chemotherapeutic And Antimicrobial Potential Of Their Pigments, Nazia Mojib

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Antarctic ecosystems are extreme environments to study the biodiversity, survival and adaptation of bacteria. The current study describes the rich and diverse heterotrophic bacterial communities from seasonally ice-free open lakes in East Antarctic Schirmacher Oasis and a perennially ice-covered Lake Joyce in West An-tarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Heterotrophic bacteria from three different Phyla: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were cultured from lakes of Schirmacher Oasis using 16S rRNA gene-based taxonomic analysis. However, similar approach applied on the community DNA of the Black Hole sediments in Lake Joyce exhibited previously undescribed heterotrophs from seven different phyla: Proteobacteria, …

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Developmental Factors For Different Strains Of Medically Important Mosquitoes, Joel Abraham Morris Jan 2011

Developmental Factors For Different Strains Of Medically Important Mosquitoes, Joel Abraham Morris

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Competition between northern sympatric mosquitoes, Culex restuans and Culex pipiens pipiens, was evaluated in Illinois using different ratios of the two species. Similarly, competition between southern sympatric species, Culex restuans and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, was evaluated in Alabama. Species ratios were repeated at biologically relevant temperatures and densities. Results for the northern study suggested that Cx. restuans survival was greater than Cx. pipiens across all treatment variables, whereas survival did not differ between the southern strains. Survival of both northern and southern strains of Cx. restuans increased with increasing competition, but southern strains of this species had poor survival in …

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Reactivation Of Estrogen Receptor-Α (Erα) By Bioactive Dietary Compounds Through Epigenetic Mechanisms In Erα-Negative Breast Cancer Cells, Shweta Naran Patel Jan 2011

Reactivation Of Estrogen Receptor-Α (Erα) By Bioactive Dietary Compounds Through Epigenetic Mechanisms In Erα-Negative Breast Cancer Cells, Shweta Naran Patel

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In breast cancer treatment, the presence of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) plays an important role with hormonal-responsive drugs such as tamoxifen. ERα-negative breast cancers are more aggressive not only because of the increased uncontrollable growth but also because of the lack of target-directed treatments. Bioactive dietary components such as green tea polyphenols (GTPs) and sulforaphane (SFN, found in cruciferous vegetables) have been shown to have anti-cancer properties. In this study, we found that the dietary combination of a DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) inhibitor, GTPs, and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, SFN, dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer …

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The Graphic Novel: A Frontier Literary Form Edges Towards The English Classroom, Malgorzata Pflueger-Pieczynska Jan 2011

The Graphic Novel: A Frontier Literary Form Edges Towards The English Classroom, Malgorzata Pflueger-Pieczynska

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Graphic novels, as not yet fully researched and examined forms under academia, suffer from their association in the public mind with the advertisement industry and cheap subject matter. This negative affiliation is especially popular in teachers' circles that use the graphic novel mostly as an instrument to improve reading skills rather than to present it as an extraordinary example of a frontier literary form. The graphic novel is one of many products that took off dynamically with the technological revolution using the visual as a communication's medium. Visual communication is not only one of the leading forms of passing information, …

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Proper Orthogonal Decomposition For Parameter Estimation In Oscillating Biological Networks, Amanda Marie Rehm Jan 2011

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition For Parameter Estimation In Oscillating Biological Networks, Amanda Marie Rehm

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Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is frequently applied to estimate parameters of partial differential equations. This study examines the application of the POD method in estimating the parameters of an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) model of stable oscillating biological networks. The model is related to the Lotka-Volterra equations. The findings reveal that POD generates accurate estimates of the parameters; furthermore, extrapolating biologically measured data points to a number of oscillations improves the curve fits, C1 approximations, and parameter estimations. KEYWORDS: Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, Ordinary Differential Equations, Biological Networks, Oscillations, Parameters.

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Black Hollow, Candice Cottingham Reyes Jan 2011

Black Hollow, Candice Cottingham Reyes

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Black Hollow is a collection of short stories thematically centered on secrecy and sin in a small, Southern town. These stories aim to explore the twisted nature of the hidden lives led by small-town Americans. Through the use of macabre humor and farcical plot lines, the stories narrate the characters' struggles to cope with loss, regret and failure in a way intended to seem removed yet still relatable to the reader. As with any good, Southern town, religion plays an integral role in this struggle, with the Church becoming a character in its own right; nevertheless, it is the residents …

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Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Of Ices Under Conditions Relevant To Interstellar And Planetary Environments, Christina Rae Richey Jan 2011

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Of Ices Under Conditions Relevant To Interstellar And Planetary Environments, Christina Rae Richey

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The abundances of ices in planetary environments are obtained through measurements of near-infrared absorption features (&nu=10,000-4,000 cm-1, &lambda=1-2.5 &mum), and near-IR measurements of materials present in the interstellar medium are increasingly common. In the studies presented here, the near-IR band strengths for molecules are determined through correlations to their better-known mid-IR characteristics. These strengths are used to determine the column densities of molecules in the interstellar dense cloud or other environments from observed data. The first set of experiments is focused on the near-IR features of molecules relevant to the study of interstellar icy grain mantles and planetary bodies: CO, …

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