Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Medusa (Artwork), Sally Gardner

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Town Plaza, Socorro, New Mexico (Artwork), Sally Gardner

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Front Cover

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Editorial Statement

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Chapter Ii: Chicago And The Danish Settlement

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If two words characterized Chicago in its first halfcentury, they were "growth" and "change." In 1840 Chicago was a small prairie town of 4,500 inhabitants. But the forces that brought immigrants to the Midwest had already begun to transform Chicago. With the development of trade and commerce between the Midwest and the East, better transportation over land and water became essential. In the 1840s, the State of Illinois constructed the Illinois and Michigan Canal, connecting the Mississippi River with Lake Michigan by way of Chicago. For the first time, Midwestern produce could go to market through the Great Lakes, as …

Snowshoeing, Cara Bullinger

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Three Related Stanzas, Patricia Gunter

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Phases: Twin Moons In Cancer, Virginia Baker

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Medusa, Mark Crimmins

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An Archetypal Analysis (Artwork), Sally Gardner

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Instructions To A Census Taker (Artwork), Sally Gardner

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Home For Xmas (Artwork), Sally Gardner

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The Baby Catcher (Artwork), Sally Gardner

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Phantasmagoria, Carla Thomas

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The 2nd Law Of Thermodynamics, Act Two, Hamlet, Carter Burch

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The setting is a humble seventeenth-century home. HAMLET enters from outside. He is dressed in worn, peasant garb and carries a load of firewood. He has several styrofoam snow particles on his clothes and hair.

Chapter V: Danish Religious Life In Chicago -- Trinity Church

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When the Danes came to America, the Church of Denmark did not follow on their heels. The Danish Church believed that most Danish emigrants were dissenters, not supporters of the established Lutheran church. The Church viewed Danish immigration as too small to support churches, even in a city as large as Chicago. The few Danes in America might join Norwegian congregations, thereby maintaining ties with a similar form of Lutheranism. 1 The problem of not having churches to attend was somewhat unusual among immigrants. Catholic groups were welcomed by the international Catholic Church, wherever they settled. Such Protestants as the …

Chaucer And The Three Crowns Of Florence (Dante, Petrarch, And Boccaccio): Recent Comparative Scholarship, Madison U. Sowell

Quidditas

Chaucer and the Italian Trecento. Ed. Piero Boitani. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 313 p. $49.50.

Howard H. Schless, Chaucer and Dante: A Revaluation. Norman, OK: Pilgrim Books, 1984. 268 p. $85.00.

R. A. Shoaf, Dante, Chaucer, and the Currency of the World: Money, Images, and Reference in Late Medieval Poetry. Norman, OK: Pilgrim Books, 1983. 313 p. $39.95.

Great Black Goats And Evil Little Women: The Image Of The Witch In Sixteenth-Century German Aart, Jane P. Davidson

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Witch imagery in German Renaissance art may strike the modern observer as something incongruous in an age noted for interest in humanism, reformation, science, appreciation of beauty and the like. Nonetheless, it existed. Further, we find a number of prominent German artists who depicted witches. The operative point here is probably an interest in realism. Renaissance artists, north and south, were preoccupied with reality. Too this end, their art stressed optical accuracy, factual anatomy, convincing natural details and so on.

The Danish Community Of Chicago, Philip S. Friedman

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Although millions accepted the challenge of immigrating to America, that choice required extraordinary courage. Even the initial task of leaving the homeland and traveling to America often took on mythical proportions. Prior to the journey, the immigrant needed to settle his affairs, selling for cash the possessions which could be sold. Having decided to emigrate to the New World, he did not expect to make the long return trip for many years. 1 After gathering a few essential provisions and saying goodbye to his old home, the immigrant and his family boarded a ship for the two-week voyage. Every ship …

The Baby Catcher, Caroline P. M. West

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The dream recurred always with a colorless sky. Featherless birds, huge and reptilian, flew wheeling, maddeningly slow, low over the gravelly, eroded bluffs at the mouth of the canyon. Each bird's craw was crammed full, bulging with something, like a stork's bill full of fish. Whenever one cawed, a bundle fell. Roughly swathed in strips of chalky white gauze or linen, the bundles plummeted like stones toward the highway ad the rushing shallow river. It was her job to catch the bundles.

Correspondence With Women: The Case Of John Knox, A. Daniel Frankforter

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The Reformation opened an ambiguous era for women. There were risks of losses and opportunities for gain for women who made the transition to Protestant faith. Protestant women gave up some traditional religious supports. The Virgin Mary and the female saints, who provided Catholic women with role models and sisterly patronage, were thrust aside. Priestly intercession ended, the Protestant women, like men, stood alone with their consciences in the presence of God. Women were denied the option of careers as nuns in self-governing female communities, and virginity ceased to be a respected female vocation. All women were expected to marry, …

Contents

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Home For Xmas (With Apologies To T. S. Eliot), Margaret Blair Young

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The door was unlocked, as usual. Judy turned the knob and shook clumps of snow from her boots onto the frayed welcome mat. Inside, the picture of Jesus she had painted five years ago gazed placidly at her from the end of the hallway above pictures of Mom, Dad, little Jess (appearing deceptively normal), and herself as a senior in high school festooned with fake white feathers around bare shoulders. Jesus drew her to him, eye to eye. She approached him and stared at the amateurly done, black-dotted, blue circles. Those eyes. Their strangeness embarrassed and mesmerized her.

Gawain's "Anti-Feminism" Reconsidered, S. L. Clark, Julian N. Wasserman

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In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the protagonist survives the return blow for which he had contracted with the Green Knight but finds to his dismay that he has unwittingly failed a more significant test. As the awareness comes to Gawain that the Green Knight and his Yuletide host share one identity, that it was upon Bercilak's instructions that his wife attempted to seduce him, and that Morgan la Fée had, in effect, master-minded the whole plan, Gawain reacts with bursts of anger which, wen analyzed, speak not only to the Pearl-Poet's skill at characterization but also …

Dark Continent, Alex B. Darais

BYU Studies

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Can We Speak Of An Islamic Middle Ages? A Conceptual Problem Examined Through Literature, Julie Scott Meisami

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In his introduction to The Arabs and Medieval Europe Norman Daniel, after rejecting the "traditional" Gibbonian definition of the Middle Ages as "the age between a fixed classical civilization and the modern world which inherits it" in favor of a view which affirms the unbroken continuity of European history, concludes that "for all non-European peoples ... the concept of a Middle Age has no relevance, at least for their internal history. Any relevance it has must be in relation to Europe" (3). Similarly, in the area oof literature, Robert Rehder in a review article states categorically that "Medieval is …

Adam's Dream: Fortune And The Tragedy Of The Chester 'Drapers Playe', George Ovitt Jr.

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In glossing a passage from his translation of Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae, Chaucer provides a definition of tragedy which would have been familiar to any fourteenth-century reader and which, perhaps, still seems adequate to the twentieth-century reader: "What other thyng bywaylen the cryinges of tragedyes but oonly the dedes of Fortune, that this unwar strook overturneth the realmes of greet nobleye? (Glose. Tragedye is to seyn a dite of a prosperite for a tyme, that endeth in wrecchidnesse.)" The substance of this gloss is repeated in the 'Prologue' to the "Monk's Tale": "Tragedie is to seyn a certeyn storie, …

Latin And Vernacular In Fourteenth- And Fifteenth-Century Italy, Paul Oskar Kristeller

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The subject of this essay concerns Dante only indirectly and in part. Nevertheless I hope to be able, among other things, to explain Dante's historical position and his influence on the Italian Renaissance. I cannot avoid partially repeating what I wrote in some of my previous studies, especially in my early article on the Italian prose language. Some of my prior observations, which seemed new to me at the time, have since been widely accepted; but some new sources and literature have been added in the meantime, and on some points I have changed my opinion or paid attention to …

Rites And Passage In Leonardo Bruni's Dialogues To Pier Paolo Vergerio, Olga Zorzi Pugliese

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The Dialogues to Pier Paolo Vergerio are a fairly brief, rather unassuming, yet much defamed work by Leonardo Bruni (c. 1370-1444), the Italian humanist from Arezzo who lived most of his life in Florence, the hub of early Renaissance civilization. Composed of two parts, the second of which is, apparently, a retraction of the first, and dating probably from a the years 1401 and 1405-06, respectively, the Dialogues constitute, because of the contradictions contained in them, a puzzling text that has elicited a variety of interpretations from critics in the historical as well as the literary fields. Although much research …