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The Church’S Flight Into The Wilderness: An Address On The Times, Containing Some Very Interesting And Important Observations On Scripture Prophecies (1776), Samuel Sherwood A. M., Reiner Smolinski , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

Sherwood’s most popular sermon is his much cited The Church’s Flight into the Wilderness: An Address on the Times, containing Some very interesting and important Observations on Scripture Prophecies (1776)—here republished courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society. Delivering his oration in January 1776 in the presence of Gov. John Hancock, Sherwood freely mixes millenarian metaphors and political ideology to incite his listeners to action. Like many of his predecessors, Sherwood readily adapts the mythology of New England’s Puritan past to fit the new situation. The apocalyptic flight of the Woman into the howling wilderness of America a century and a …

A Charge On The Rise Of The American Empire (1776), William Henry Drayton, Reiner Smolinski , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

WILLIAM HENRY DRAYTON (1742–79), chief justice of South Carolina, Revolutionary leader, and wealthy plantation owner, was born near Charlestown. His family on both sides were wealthy planters and prominent politicians, enabling young William Henry to study in London and Oxford. Upon his return he married a South Carolina heiress, turned to politics, and was elected to the Assembly. Drayton championed the cause of British interest in the colonies and opposed such popular measures as the non-importation movement while defending the rights of the individual. Upon loosing his seat in the Assembly, Drayton left for England and returned shortly thereafter to …

Liberty Further Extended: Or Free Thoughts On The Illegality Of Slave-Keeping; Wherein Those Arguments That Are Used In Its Vindication Are Plainly Confuted. Together With An Humble Address To Such As Are Concerned In The Practice., Lemuel Haynes, Paul Royster , Ed.

Electronic Texts in American Studies

This is a regularized text of a private sermon or pamphlet manuscript, authored by a 23-year-old African American who had served in the “minuteman” militia and the Continental Army, and who became an ordained minister and was pastor to white Congregational churches for more than 50 years.

Haynes’ tract is an important and revelatory addition to the early anti-slavery literature in the American colonies. Only identified and published in 1983, it is uniquely situated at the crossroads of independence, anti-­slavery, Congregationalism, and African-American identity. Brought to light by Ruth Bogin, the work is testimony to the diversity of thought and …

Ten Pound (£10) Note Of South Carolina Currency, 1775., Provincial Congress Of South Carolina, Gideon Dupont, Edward Blake, Thomas Corbett, Aaron Loocock, William Parker

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

This South Carolina certificate no. 36967 "entitles the bearer to Ten Pounds Current Money." Signed by Gideon Dupont, Aaron Loocock, Thomas Corbett, William Parker, and Edward Blake.

Some Strictures Upon The Sacred Story Recorded In The Book Of Esther (1775), Oliver Noble M.A., Reiner Smolinski , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

Oliver Noble (1733/4–92) was born in Hebron, Connecticut, and graduated from Yale in 1757, but stayed on as a tutor until he received his second degree in 1759. Later that same year, he was ordained a minister in South Coventry, Connecticut, but disagreements with his congregation led to his dismissal in 1761. Noble’s abilities as a preacher must have been well known, for his next installment occurred in 1762 at a church in Newburyport, Massachusetts, where he preached from the pulpit of the fifth parish until 1784. Again dismissed, Noble moved to Newcastle, New Hampshire, six months later, and there …

Bill And Receipt For Oak Scantling, 1775, Joseph Ogilby

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten bill and receipt, sent by Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia in 1775 and signed by Joseph Ogilby, records the cost of oak scantling.

The receipt was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

Buckskin Breeches Order Slip, November 3, 1774, Daniel Richards

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten order slip, sent to Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia on November 3, 1774 by Daniel Richards, requests buckskin breeches for Richard Finemore.

This slip was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

Leather Breeches Order Slip, November 4, 1773, Michael M. Gannon

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten order slip, sent to Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia on November 4, 1773 by Michael M. Gannon, requests breeches for a slave named John Stagg.

This slip was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

Buckskin Breeches Order Slip, September 16, 1773, Michael M. Gannon

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten order slip, sent to Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia on September 16, 1773 by Michael M. Gannon, requests buckskin breeches.

This slip was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

The Life And Spiritual Sufferings Of That Faithful Servant Of Christ Jane Hoskens, A Public Preacher Among The People Called Quakers, Jane Fenn Hoskens

Zea E-Books in American Studies

In 1712, nineteen-year-old Jane Fenn left her home, family, and friends in London to obey an inner voice that said ——“Go to Pennsylvania! ” Arrived in Philadelphia, she was soon cast into debtors’ prison for refusing to sign an indenture dictated by the man who had arranged her passage. Redeemed by a group of Quakers from Plymouth County who wished to employ her as a schoolteacher, she spent three years in their community and began to absorb their teachings and their ways.

Her narrative chronicles her inward struggles with her own sense of unworthiness, the temptations of Satan, her distaste …

The Life And Spiritual Sufferings Of That Faithful Servant Of Christ Jane Hoskens, A Public Preacher Among The People Called Quakers, Jane Fenn Hoskens, Paul Royster Editor

Historical Quaker Books

In 1712, nineteen-year-old Jane Fenn left her home, family, and friends in London to obey an inner voice that said ——“Go to Pennsylvania! ” Arrived in Philadelphia, she was soon cast into debtors’ prison for refusing to sign an indenture dictated by the man who had arranged her passage. Redeemed by a group of Quakers from Plymouth County who wished to employ her as a schoolteacher, she spent three years in their community and began to absorb their teachings and their ways.

Her narrative chronicles her inward struggles with her own sense of unworthiness, the temptations of Satan, her distaste …

The Life And Spiritual Sufferings Of That Faithful Servant Of Christ Jane Hoskens, A Public Preacher Among The People Called Quakers (1771), Jane Fenn Hoskens, Paul Royster , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

In 1712, nineteen-year-old Jane Fenn left her home, family, and friends in London to obey an inner voice that said ——“Go to Pennsylvania! ” Arrived in Philadelphia, she was soon cast into debtors’ prison for refusing to sign an indenture dictated by the man who had arranged her passage. Redeemed by a group of Quakers from Plymouth County who wished to employ her as a schoolteacher, she spent three years in their community and began to absorb their teachings and their ways.

Her narrative chronicles her inward struggles with her own sense of unworthiness, the temptations of Satan, her distaste …

Buckskin Breeches Order Slip, May 23, 1770, Unknown

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten order slip, sent to Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia on May 23, 1770 requests buckskin breeches.

This slip was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

Leather Breeches Order Slip, February 3, 1770, James Parson

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten order slip, sent to Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia on February 3, 1770 by James Parson, requests breeches for his servant, Alexander McCarthy.

This slip was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

Leather Breeches Order Slip, Circa 1770, Daniel Richards

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This undated handwritten order slip, sent to Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia circa 1770 by Daniel Richards, requests a pair of breeches.

This slip was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

Leather Breeches Order Slip, November 11, 1768, Lawrence Carter

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten order slip, sent to Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia on November 11, 1768 by Lawrence Carter, requests breeches for his servant, Morton.

This slip was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

Leather Breeches Order Slip, September 24, 1768, Edward Bonsall

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten order slip, sent to Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia on September 24, 1768 by Edward Bonsall, requests leather breeches. The breeches are, presumably, for his servant, James Brown.

This slip was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

Buckskin Breeches Order Slip, 1768, Michael M. Gannon

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten order slip, sent to Frederick Shingle of Philadelphia in 1768 by Michael M. Gannon, requests buckskin breeches.

This slip was found in an account ledger attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810).

Account Ledger, 1766-1777, Friederich Schenckel (D. 1810)

Charles R. Roberts and Walter E. Boyer Collections

This handwritten account book is attributed to Friederich Schenckel (d.1810), a leather breeches maker working in Philadelphia. Entries, written in German script, date from approximately 1766 to 1777. The book lists quantities of materials and their prices. One of his shops may have been called the Three Gloves and Breeches, located near the Indian Queen Hotel on Market Street.

Multiple order slips and a tax notice were also found in the account ledger.

A Short Account Of That Part Of Africa Inhabited By The Negroes, Anthony Benezet, Paul Royster , Ed.

Electronic Texts in American Studies

Anthony Benezet scoured the available English literature of colonial exploitation for evidence of the humanity of the trafficked Africans and the inhumanity of the European traders in human beings. He compiled and published this Short Account in 1762 to present the case for termination of the trans-Atlantic transportation of kidnapped Africans, for abolition of slavery and the slave trade, and for emancipation of the enslaved persons held in bondage in North America and elsewhere. Drawing on Scottish moral philosophy, British Whig ideology, and, most importantly, on New Testament gospel teachings, Benezet presented both reasoned and impassioned appeals for the recognition …

The Journal Of Major George Washington, George Washington

Zea E-Books in American Studies

In October of 1753, George Washington, a 21-year-old major in the Virginia militia, volunteered to carry a letter from the governor of Virginia to the French commander of the forts recently built on the headwaters of the Ohio River in northwestern Pennsylvania. The French had recently expanded their military operations from the Great Lakes into the Ohio country, and had spent the summer of 1753 building forts and roads along the Allegheny River, with the design of linking their trade routes and sphere of influence down the Ohio to the Mississippi. Virginia governor Robert Dinwiddie believed them to be in …

The Journal Of Major George Washington (1754), George Washington, Paul Royster , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

The Journal of Major George Washington, Sent by the Hon. Robert Dinwiddie, Esq; His Majesty’s Lieutenant-Governor, and Commander In Chief Of Virginia, to the Commandant of the French Forces on Ohio. To Which Are Added, the Governor’s Letter, and a Translation of the French Officer’s Answer.

In October of 1753, George Washington, a 21-year-old major in the Virginia militia, volunteered to carry a letter from the governor of Virginia to the French commander of the forts recently built on the headwaters of the Ohio River in northwestern Pennsylvania. The French had recently expanded their military operations from the Great Lakes …

De Bestiis Marinis Or, The Beasts Of The Sea, Georg Wilhelm Steller

Zea E-Books in American Studies

Steller’s classic work, published in Latin in 1751 and in German in 1753, contains the only scientific description from life of the Steller’s sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), as well as the first scientific descriptions of the fur seal or “sea bear” (Callorhinus ursinus), Steller’s sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), and the sea otter (Enhydra lutris).

Steller’s sea cow was a sirenian, or manatee, inhabiting the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. It was first discovered by Europeans in 1741 and rendered extinct by 1768. It was a 30-foot long, plant-eating aquatic mammal, weighing …

A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission And Non-Resistance To The Higher Powers: With Some Reflections On The Resistance Made To King Charles I. And On The Anniversary Of His Death: In Which The Mysterious Doctrine Of That Prince’S Saintship And Martyrdom Is Unriddled, Jonathan Mayhew

Zea E-Books in American Studies

After the Restoration of the English monarchy in the person of Charles II in 1660, the new king and his first Parliament declared the anniversary of the beheading of his father Charles I (January 30, 1649) a religious holiday with a special commemoration in the Book of Common Prayer, naming the late monarch a saint and martyr. This holiday was not generally celebrated in Massachusetts until the emergence of several Anglican churches there in the early eighteenth century. In 1750, Jonathan Mayhew, the twenty-nine-yearold pastor of the West (Congregational) Church in Boston, took occasion to dispute the first Charles’ credentials …

A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission And Non-Resistance To The Higher Powers: With Some Reflections On The Resistance Made To King Charles I. And On The Anniversary Of His Death: In Which The Mysterious Doctrine Of That Prince's Saintship And Martyrdom Is Unriddled (1750). An Online Electronic Text Edition., Jonathan Mayhew A.M., D.D., Paul Royster , Editor & Depositor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

After the Restoration of the English monarchy in the person of Charles II in 1660, the new king and his first Parliament declared the anniversary of the beheading of his father Charles I (January 30, 1649) a religious holiday with a special commemoration in the Book of Common Prayer, naming the late monarch a saint and martyr. This holiday was not generally celebrated in Massachusetts until the emergence of several Anglican churches there in the early eighteenth century. In 1750, Jonathan Mayhew, the twenty-nine-yearold pastor of the West (Congregational) Church in Boston, took occasion to dispute the first Charles’ credentials …

A Narrative Of The Captivity Of Nehemiah How In 1745-1747, Nehemiah How, Victor Hugo Paltsits

Electronic Texts in American Studies

Nehemiah How was captured by a raiding party of Abenaki Indians October 11, 1745, outside the fort at Great Meadow (now Vermont). He was taken to Quebec and held captive until his death from "fever" on May 27, 1747. He was among several hundred English colonists taken prisoner during the war. His account recalls his treatment and records the comings and fates of dozens of other prisoners held at Quebec during what was known as King George's War, part of the global War of Austrian Succession.

Marvellous Things Done By The Right Hand And Holy Arm Of God In Getting Him The Victory (1745), Charles Chauncy, Reiner Smolinski , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

This sermon demonstrates that Charles Chauncy was not beyond preaching on the more mundane subjects of the period. His 1745 thanksgiving sermon Marvellous Things done by the right Hand and holy Arm of God in getting him the Victory (courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society) was preached on the occasion of the British victory at Louisbourg, Cape Breton Island (1745), over superior French forces. Chauncy traces God’s providential hand in the war with French Canada and describes how God’s interposition is clearly visible in the miraculous appearance of a British supply ship, in the capture of a French man-of-war, in …

Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God. A Sermon Preached At Enfield, July 8th, 1741., Jonathan Edwards, Reiner Smolinski , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

The God that holds you over the Pit of Hell, much as one holds a Spider, or some loathsome Insect, over the Fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked; his Wrath towards you burns like Fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the Fire; he is of purer Eyes than to bear to have you in his Sight; you are ten thousand Times so abominable in his Eyes as the most hateful venomous Serpent is in ours. You have offended him infinitely more than ever a stubborn Rebel did his Prince: and …

A Brief History Of The Pequot War (1736), John Mason, Paul Royster , Editor

Electronic Texts in American Studies

John Mason’s posthumously published account is the most complete contemporary history of the Pequot War of 1636–1637. Written around 1670, and published in part in 1677 (although misattributed by Increase Mather to John Allyn), the complete text was issued by Thomas Prince in 1736. That text is reproduced here in a corrected and annotated edition that includes Prince’s biographical sketch of Mason and various dedicatory and explanatory documents.

John Mason (c.1600–1672) commanded the Connecticut forces in the expedition that wiped out the Pequot fort and village at Mystic and in two subsequent operations that effectively eliminated the Pequots as a …

The Constitutions Of The Free-Masons, James Anderson, Benjamin Franklin

Zea E-Books in American Studies

This is an online electronic edition of the the first Masonic book printed in America, which was produced in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin in 1734, and was a reprint of a work by James Anderson (who is identified as the author in an appendix) printed in London in 1723. This is the seminal work of American Masonry, edited and published by one of the founding fathers, and of great importance to the development of colonial society and the formation of the Republic. The work contains a 40-page history of Masonry: from Adam to the reign of King George I, including, …