Architectural Engineering Commons^™

Accumulation Of Gas-Phase Methamphetamine On Clothing, Toy Fabrics, And Skin Oil, G. Morrison, N. V. Shakila, K. Parker

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To better understand methamphetamine exposure and risk for occupants of former residential clandestine methamphetamine laboratories, we measured the dynamic accumulation of methamphetamine in skin oil, cotton and polyester (PE) clothing, upholstery, and toy fabric (substrates) exposed to 15-30 ppb (91-183 μg/m3) neutral methamphetamine in air for up to 60 days. The average equilibrium partition coefficients at 30% RH, in units of μg of methamphetamine per gram of substrate per ppb, are 3.0 ± 0.2 for a PE baby blanket, 5.6 ± 3.5 for a PE fabric toy, 3.7 ± 0.2 for a PE shirt, 18.3 ± 8.0 for a PE/cotton …

Thermal Energy Storage In Building Integrated Thermal Systems: A Review. Part 2. Integration As Passive System, Dervilla Niall, Sarah Mccormack, Philip Griffiths, Luisa Cabeza, Lidia Navarro, Albert Castell, Alvaro De Grazia, Maria Brown

Articles

Energy consumption trends in residential and commercial buildings show a significant increase in recent decades. One of the key points for reducing energy consumption in buildings is to decrease the energy demand. Buildings envelopes are not just a structure they also provide protection from outdoor weather conditions always taking into account the local climate. Thermal energy storage has been used and applied to the building structure by taking advantage of sensible heat storage of materials with high thermal mass. But in recent years, researchers have focused their studies on the implementation of latent heat storage materials that if well incorporated …

Chemically Stabilized Soft Clays For Road-Base Construction, Xin Kang, Gi Chun Kang, Kuang Tsung Chang, Louis Ge

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Soft clays are widely distributed in Missouri, United States. Due to their relatively low strength and high compressibility, subgrade construction in soft clays has encountered many difficulties. In recent practice, the use of fly ash (FA) along with lime to tackle soft subgrade problems has shown promising results. The effectiveness of Class C FA and lime kiln dust (LKD) in clay subgrade stabilization is examined in this research. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis, proctor compaction tests, unconfined compression tests, and resilient modulus tests were carried out on the FA and LKD modified soil mixtures. Test specimens were prepared at optimum …

Room Acoustic Effects On Speech Comprehension Of English-As-Second-Language Talkers And Listeners Versus Native-English-Speaking Talkers And Listeners, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Approximately 21% of the children in the United States school system speak a language other than English at home, but are being taught in English at school. English is additionally being used more and more often as a common language in international settings, even though participants at these international events again are not native English speakers. How do adverse room acoustic environments, including higher background noise levels and longer reverberation times, impact English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) talkers and listeners versus native English-speaking talkers and listeners? This presentation focuses on two recent studies at the University of Nebraska that investigate how assorted room …

Quantification And Subjective Perception Of Varying Reflection Densities In Measured Room Impulsed Responses, Hyun Hong, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This project focuses on quantifying and testing the subjective perception of reflection densities, or the number of reflections per second, from different room impulse responses. The widely used room acoustic metric, reverberation time, is linked to the perceived reverberation in a room. Two different rooms having the same reverberation time, though, can have different reflection densities in their room impulse responses, and this difference in reflection density may affect how listeners perceive spatial impression in rooms. To investigate how sensitive humans are to a change of reflection density, this paper first reviews assorted parameters for quantifying reflection density from measured …

Recent Advances In Indoor Chemistry, Glenn Morrison

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Just as the chemistry creates urban smog and aerosols that influence climate change, chemistry in building air can alter the indoor environment for better or worse. This review focuses on chemical pathways initiated by oxidants that infiltrate from outdoor air and other indoor-sourced reactants and surfaces that make these environments unique chemical reactors. Ozone reacts with fragrance molecules, tobacco smoke residues, and even human skin oils to generate a host of oxidized organic compounds, secondary organic aerosols, and irritants. Nitrous acid is formed on indoor surfaces and is subsequently cleaved by even the relatively dim light indoor. This raises the …

Team Solar Sip, Patrick Fillingham, Wesley Goodson, Kenneth Li

Mechanical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Modified Inlets On Residence Times In Baffled Tanks, Jeremy S. Carlston, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Sharp inlets, although prevalent, tend to reduce mixing efficiency in hydraulic contact tanks by affecting fluid and scalar transport throughout the entire system. Superior inlets are often not an option because of the prohibitive cost of upgrading preexisting tanks. To remedy this, seven inexpensive yet easily implemented attachments to a sharp inlet were tested on a full-scale, baffled, prototypical contact tank. Cumulative residence time distributions of a conservative, passive scalar were obtained for each attachment to assess their performance. A study using computational fluid dynamics of the same tank with the various attachments was then performed to strengthen the empirical …

Planning And Design For Hurricane Protection With Sea Level Rise, Bob Ivarson

May 22, 2015: Megaproject Protective Structures for Hampton Roads

No abstract provided.

Ua66 Ogden College Of Science & Engineering Newsletter, Cheryl Stevens, Dean

Ogden College of Science & Engineering Publications

No abstract provided.

On Turbulent Mixing In Stably Stratified Wall-Bounded Flows, Farid Karimpour, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we provide an analysis of turbulent mixing in stably stratified wall-bounded flows to highlight a number of important issues such as prediction of the turbulent viscosity, the turbulent diffusivity, and the irreversible flux Richardson number. By invoking the equilibrium assumption between the production rate of the turbulent kinetic energy (P), the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy (P), and the turbulent potential energy dissipation rate (εPE) as P ≈ ε + εPE and also assuming equilibrium between the buoyancy flux (B) and εPE as -B ≈ εPE, we first propose that the irreversible flux Richardson number …

Consolidation-Induced Solute Transport For Constant Rate Of Strain. Ii: Comparison With Incremental Loading, Patrick J. Fox, Hefu Pu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a numerical investigation of one-dimensional large strain consolidation-induced solute transport for incremental loading (IL) and constant rate of strain (CRS) conditions. Solute transport accounts for advection, diffusion, dispersion, linear and nonlinear sorption, and equilibrium and nonequilibrium sorption, and is consistent with temporal and spatial variations of porosity and seepage velocity in the consolidating soil. Simulations were conducted using material properties for kaolinite clay and indicate that IL and CRS conditions produce significantly different responses during the course of consolidation, including applied stress, rate of settlement, excess pore pressure, and local strain. However, for a given set of …

Consolidation-Induced Solute Transport For Constant Rate Of Strain. I: Model Development And Simulation Results, Hefu Pu, Patrick J. Fox

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A numerical model, called CSTCRS1, is presented for coupled one-dimensional consolidation and solute transport under constant rate of strain (CRS) loading conditions. The consolidation algorithm accounts for vertical strain, general constitutive relationships, relative fluid velocity, changing compressibility and hydraulic conductivity during consolidation, and an external hydraulic gradient. The solute transport algorithm accounts for advection, dispersion, linear and nonlinear sorption, and equilibrium and nonequilibrium sorption. Soil compressibility is rate-independent and as such CSTCRS1 is more appropriate for less-structured soils. The model is based on a dual-Lagrangian framework that separately tracks the motions of sold and fluid phases. The development of CSTCRS1 …

Influence Of Portland Cement And Ground-Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag On Bleeding Of Fresh Mix, Hong Jae Yim, Jae Hong Kim, Seong Ho Han, Hyo Gyoung Kwak

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Bleeding occurs when freshly mixed cement-based materials settle in a form, and this phenomenon influences the quality of the fresh state as well as the hardened state. This paper attempts to measure the bleeding of Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) paste mixtures. To investigate the influence of water-to-powder ratio and the used powders under high pressure on bleeding, a pressure vessel and various types of freshly mixed paste were prepared. The packing density and permeability were measured and discussed to understand material effects on the bleeding phenomenon.

Modeling Person-To-Person Contaminant Transport In Enclosed Environments, Chun Chen

Open Access Dissertations

It is essential to predict person-to-person contaminant transport in enclosed environments to improve air distribution design and reduce the infection risk from airborne infectious diseases. This study aims to improve and accelerate the simulation of person-to-person contaminant transport in enclosed environments. ^ This investigation first conducted experimental measurements of person-to-person contaminant transport in an office mockup and the first-class cabin of a functional MD-82 aircraft. The experimental data of steady-state airflow, temperature, and gas contaminant concentration fields obtained in the office were used to validate the steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. In the aircraft cabin, the transient particle concentrations …

Indygo Downtown Transit Center - Transforming Indianapolis, Ben Smith, Steve Robinson, Joe Fischer

Purdue Road School

The new IndyGo Downtown Transit Center will transform transit in downtown Indianapolis and offers lessons in transit planning, traffic planning, intermodal connectivity, public engagement, and pedestrian access. This presentation will give an overview of the facility and then focus on attributes of the facility and of the design process that might offer useful lessons to other transit projects, including those of a smaller scale

Ua66 Ogden College Of Science & Engineering Newsletter, Cheryl Stevens, Dean

Ogden College of Science & Engineering Publications

No abstract provided.

The Bridge Newsletter Spring 2015, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

The Bridge Newsletter

-Wastewater treatment technologies that cost less and save energy
-Open windows and air quality
-Bartels displays research
-NASA honors Schonberg

The 2014 François Naftali Frenkiel Award For Fluid Mechanics, Benjamin D. Mater, Simon M. Schaad, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

2015 Scholarly Productivity Report, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Scholarly Productivity Reports

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of An Improved Technique For Geosynthetic-Reinforced And Pile-Supported Embankment, Jun Zhang, Shao Wen Liu, He Fu Pu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

With a large number of applications of conventional technique for geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankment (called CT embankment), many deficiencies have been exposed. In view of the deficiencies, an improved technique, fixed-geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported embankment (called FGT embankment), is developed. To investigate the performance of the FGT embankment, the comparison analyses and parametric studies are conducted by Finite Element Method (FEM). The influencing factors investigated include elastic modulus of soil, tensile stiffness of geosynthetics, pile length, pile spacing, and pile elastic modulus. In addition, the cost evaluation for the FGT embankment and CT embankment is also made. The results show …

Flexural Behavior Of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete Beams: Experimental Study, Mahdi Arezoumandi, Carlos A. Ortega, Jeffery S. Volz

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An experimental investigation was conducted to study both mechanical properties and the flexural strength of full-scale reinforced concrete beams constructed with both high-volume fly ash concrete-concrete with 70% of the cement replaced with fly ash-and conventional concrete (CC). The beams were tested under a simply supported four-point loading condition. The experimental cracking, yielding, and ultimate moments as well as deflection on ultimate load of the beams were compared with both the ACI 318-11 and Eurocode 2-05 provisions. Furthermore, the experimental flexural strengths of the beams were compared with both the modified compression field theory method and a flexural test database …

Ua66 Ogden College Of Science & Engineering Newsletter, Cheryl Stevens, Dean

Ogden College of Science & Engineering Publications

No abstract provided.

Air Change Rate Vs Airflow Pathway: Bioaerosol Containment And Removal In Patient Rooms, Kevin R. Grosskopf

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Recent studies have shown that higher air change rates may have the unintended consequence of creating turbulent airflows that entrain high concentrations of infectious particles within the breathing zone, and possibly, breakdown pressure relationships necessary to contain the spread of infectious particles to other clinical spaces.

Biases In Thorpe-Scale Estimates Of Turbulence Dissipation. Part I: Assessments From Large-Scale Overturns In Oceanographic Data, Benjamin D. Mater, Subhas K. Venayagamoorthy, Louis St Laurent, James N. Moum

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Oceanic density overturns are commonly used to parameterize the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. This method assumes a linear scaling between the Thorpe length scale LT and the Ozmidov length scale LO. Historic evidence supporting LTLO has been shown for relatively weak shear-driven turbulence of the thermocline; however, little support for the method exists in regions of turbulence driven by the convective collapse of topographically influenced overturns that are large by open-ocean standards. This study presents a direct comparison of LT and LO, using vertical profiles of temperature and microstructure shear collected in the Luzon Strait-a site characterized by …

Comparisons Of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Wake Interaction Models, Jordan M. Wilson, Cole J. Davis, Subhas K. Venayagamoorthy, Paul R. Heyliger

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are performed using the k-ϵ and k-ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence closure schemes to investigate the interactions of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) models in the neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). A comparative study of actuator disk, actuator line, and full rotor models of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW reference turbine is presented. The open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code open foam 2.1.0 and the commercial software ANSYS fluent 13.0 are used for simulations. Single turbine models are analyzed for turbulent structures and wake resolution in the downstream region. …

The Formation And Fate Of Internal Waves In The South China Sea, Matthew H. Alford, Thomas Peacock, Jennifer A. Mackinnon, Jonathan D. Nash, Maarten C. Buijsman, Luca A. Centurioni, Shenn-Yu Chao, Ming-Huei Chang, David M. Farmer, Oliver B. Fringer, Ke-Hsien Fu, Patrick C. Gallacher, Hans C. Graber, Karl R. Helfrich, Steven M. Jachec, Christopher R. Jackson, Jody M. Klymak, Dong S. Ko, Sen Jan, T. M. Shaun Johnson, Sonya Legg, I-Huan Lee, Ren-Chih Lien, Matthew J. Mercier, James N. Mourn, Ruth Musgrave, Jae-Hun Park, Andrew I. Pickering, Robert Pinkel, Luc Rainville, Steven R. Ramp, Daniel L. Rudnick, Sutanu Sarkar, Alberto Scotti, Harper L. Simmons, Louis C. St. Laurent, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy, Yu-Huai Wang, Joe Wang, Ying J. Yang, Theresa Paluszkiewicz, Tswen-Yung David Tang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Internal gravity waves, the subsurface analogue of the familiar surface gravity waves that break on beaches, are ubiquitous in the ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal currents, and the turbulent mixing caused by their breaking, they affect a panoply of ocean processes, such as the supply of nutrients for photosynthesis¹, sediment and pollutant transport² and acoustic transmission³; they also pose hazards for man-made structures in the ocean⁴. Generated primarily by the wind and the tides, internal waves can travel thousands of kilometers from their sources before breaking⁵, making it …

Vibration Of Steel-Framed Floors Supporting Sensitive Equipment In Hospitals, Research Facilities, And Manufacturing Facilities, Di Liu

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

Floors have traditionally been designed only for strength and deflection serviceability. As technological advances have been made in medical, scientific and micro-electronics manufacturing, many types of equipment have become sensitive to vibration of the supporting floor. Thus, vibration serviceability has become a routinely evaluated limit state for floors supporting sensitive equipment. Equipment vibration tolerance limits are sometimes expressed as waveform peak acceleration, and are more often expressed as narrowband spectral acceleration, or one-third octave spectral velocity.

Current floor vibration prediction methods, such as those found in the American Institute of Steel Construction Design Guide 11, Floor Vibrations Due to Human …

Effect Of Fly Ash Replacement Level On The Bond Strength Of Reinforcing Steel In Concrete Beams, Mahdi Arezoumandi, Trevor J. Looney, Jeffery S. Volz

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study compares the bond strength of reinforcing steel in high-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) mixes. Three mixes with 0% (conventional concrete), 50%, and 70% replacement of Portland cement with a Class C fly ash investigated in this study. Three beams (simply supported four-point loading condition) as well as three pull-out specimens (based on RILEM recommendations) were tested for each mix. Test results evaluated based on different codes as well as a bond database of conventional concrete specimens. These comparisons indicate that with increasing replacement level of fly ash in concrete the bond strength of reinforcing steel in concrete increases. …

Development Of Composite Pcms By Incorporation Of Paraffin Into Various Building Materials, Shazim Ali Memon, Wenyu Liao, Shuqing Yang, Hongzhi Cui, Syed Farasat Ali Shah

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this research, we focused on the development of composite phase-change materials (CPCMs) by incorporation of a paraffin through vacuum impregnation in widely used building materials (Kaolin and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)). The composite PCMs were characterized using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Moreover, thermal performance of cement paste composite PCM panels was evaluated using a self-designed heating system. Test results showed that the maximum percentage of paraffin retained by Kaolin and GGBS was found to be 18% and 9%, respectively. FT-IR results show that …