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Articles 481 - 510 of 560
Full-Text Articles in Architecture
Familial Mediterranean Fever: A General Review, Tarek Houri, Belal Osta, Mouzaya Khoder Agha
Familial Mediterranean Fever: A General Review, Tarek Houri, Belal Osta, Mouzaya Khoder Agha
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease, which is accompanied by recurrent attacks of fever and serositis. It can be distinguished into two types. Type 1, is associated with recurrent short episodes of inflammation and polyserositis; type 2, is characterized by the accumulation of serum amyloid A mainly in the kidney leading to amyloidosis. The etiology of this disease is due to mutations in the MEFV gene, which encodes the protein “pyrin”. These mutations cause the uncontrolled production of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1. Genetic analysis is important to confirm the diagnosis in the patients. Colchicine is …
The Effect Of Educational Intervention On The Knowledge Of Nurses Regarding Catheter Indications And Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Preventive Measures, Maryam Kbaysi, Esin Kavuran, Ahmad Tassi, Mirna Fawaz
The Effect Of Educational Intervention On The Knowledge Of Nurses Regarding Catheter Indications And Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Preventive Measures, Maryam Kbaysi, Esin Kavuran, Ahmad Tassi, Mirna Fawaz
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the fourth leading cause of healthcare associated infections. The single most important predisposing factor for CAUTI is the insertion of urinary catheter. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of educational intervention on the knowledge of nurses regarding catheter indications and CAUTI preventive measures. A Pre-Post-test study design was utilized in this study which was conducted at two university hospitals one in Saida (South Lebanon) and the other one in Beirut in Lebanon. A self-reported questionnaire about catheter insertion and CAUTI prevention was used before and after the educational intervention, …
The Correlation Between Specialty Choice And The Quality Of Life Of Lebanese Physicians, Nariman Salem, Abdel Raouf Kayssi, Khalil Fayad, Ali Ghanem, Zeina Hatoum, Lama Younes, Stephanie El Haddad, Bassel Jbahi
The Correlation Between Specialty Choice And The Quality Of Life Of Lebanese Physicians, Nariman Salem, Abdel Raouf Kayssi, Khalil Fayad, Ali Ghanem, Zeina Hatoum, Lama Younes, Stephanie El Haddad, Bassel Jbahi
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
Doctors suffer a stressful life and are less satisfied than individuals in other careers. A trend has been observed among medical students in USA showing a change of specialty choice to alleviate their quality of life. Even though most medical students choose their career path based on the field they are most pleased with, it sounds reasonable to get an idea about the quality of life in the specialty they will elect to do. The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between specialty choice and the quality of life of Lebanese physicians, to see which specialties have …
Effect Of Confusion Assessment Tool Application On Critical Care Nurses’ Knowledge Of Delirium Recognition, Ola Talhouk, Hanan Al Nuqaidan, Ahmad Tassi, Mirna Fawaz
Effect Of Confusion Assessment Tool Application On Critical Care Nurses’ Knowledge Of Delirium Recognition, Ola Talhouk, Hanan Al Nuqaidan, Ahmad Tassi, Mirna Fawaz
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
In critically ill patients, delirium is a serious and frequent disorder that is associated with a prolonged intensive care and hospital stay and an increased morbidity and mortality. The lack of education, knowledge of delirium and the lack of a delirium screening instrument makes delirium often overlooked by critical care nurses and physicians. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Confusion Assessment Method-Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) tool implementation on the recognition of delirium by critical care nurses. A Pre-Posttest research design was implemented; 40 critical care nurses at Clemenceau Medical Center at three critical care units …
Variant And Variations On Furniture For Emotional Design Impact On Users, Chadi Khoury
Variant And Variations On Furniture For Emotional Design Impact On Users, Chadi Khoury
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
The process of design is the subject of many studies in the field of psychology or social science or technologies. Its wealth is based on its complexity within the variant and variations that include during its progress. An investigation on computer-aided integrated design and production using advanced automated tools aims to provide integrated solutions for the design and production of geometrically complex forms merged with machines restrictions that could serve as potential design variations. These variations relies heavily on the use of parametric design modeling that are incompatible with a linear approach. Beyond functionality, comfort, and technology, the objective is …
Mechanical Properties Of Transition Metals Mn,Fe And Zn Doped Nio Nanoparticles, Ahmed Khalaf, Jamalat Al Boukhari, Lidea Zeidan
Mechanical Properties Of Transition Metals Mn,Fe And Zn Doped Nio Nanoparticles, Ahmed Khalaf, Jamalat Al Boukhari, Lidea Zeidan
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
This work is a continuation of the characterization study of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) doped with transition metals (TM) like Mn, Fe and Zn, synthesized by the co-precipitation method. In this part, the effect of TM doping on the physical and mechanical properties of the NiO NPs is examined using a digital Vickers microhardness tester. The microhardness measurement results enable us to evaluate the important mechanical parameters including Vickers microhardness (HV), Young's modulus (E), yield strength (Y) and fracture toughness (KIC), responsible for practical industrial applications. It was found that all the properties given above strongly depend on the …
Empirical Study Of Knowledge Sharing Among Multinational Academicians, Shaidah Jusoh, Hejab Alfawareh
Empirical Study Of Knowledge Sharing Among Multinational Academicians, Shaidah Jusoh, Hejab Alfawareh
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
Knowledge sharing among faculty members may enhance the quality of teaching and research activities. Despite the fact that a number of research has been conducted, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that focus on multinational academicians. The aim of this empirical study is to investigate ways and factors which contribute to knowledge sharing in the context of multinational academicians at universities. We performed this study at the Information Technology faculty at one of universities in Saudi Arabia, as a case study. The faculty employed academicians from 10 different countries including Malaysia, Jordanian, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, …
Rotary Oscillation Of A Rigid Sphere In A Couple Stress Fluid, Tarek Shehadeh, Emad Ashmawy
Rotary Oscillation Of A Rigid Sphere In A Couple Stress Fluid, Tarek Shehadeh, Emad Ashmawy
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
In this paper, the rotary oscillation of a rigid sphere in an incompressible couple stress fluid is studied. The classical no slip boundary conditions are imposed on spherical boundary. Moreover, it is assumed that the couple stresses on the boundary of the sphere vanish. In the present study, the motion is generated by a sudden rotary oscillation of the rigid sphere about an axe passing through its center with a time-dependent angular velocity. Stokasian assumption is taken into consideration so that the non-linear terms are neglected in the equation of motion. The torque experienced by the couple stress fluid on …
On The Product Of Two Hypoexponential Random Variables, Therrar Kadri, Khaled Smaili, Seifedine Kadry, Ali El-Joubbeh
On The Product Of Two Hypoexponential Random Variables, Therrar Kadri, Khaled Smaili, Seifedine Kadry, Ali El-Joubbeh
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
In this paper, we consider the product of two independent Hypoexponential distributions which has many applications in sciences and engineering. We find analytically the probability density function, the cumulative distribution function, moment generating function, the reliability function and hazard function, which was proved to be a linear combination of the K distribution. Finally, we will apply our results application in stochastic PERT Network.
Influence Of Nano-Ag Addition On Phase Formation And Excess Conductivity Analysis Of (Cu0.5tl0.5)-1223 Superconducting Phase, Nayera Mohammed, Seham Mahmoud, Weleed Abdeen, Marwa Hasebbo
Influence Of Nano-Ag Addition On Phase Formation And Excess Conductivity Analysis Of (Cu0.5tl0.5)-1223 Superconducting Phase, Nayera Mohammed, Seham Mahmoud, Weleed Abdeen, Marwa Hasebbo
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
Ceramic superconducting samples of type (nano-Ag)xCu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ, 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 3.0 wt.%, were successfully synthesized via single step solid-state reaction technique at 850 ºC and under ambient pressure. The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. Obtained data revealed that the highest grains connectivity volume fraction was detected for the sample with x = 0.15 wt.%. The electrical properties of the prepared samples was examined using the electrical resistivity measurements, and the results proved that the highest superconducting transition temperature Tc was observed at x = 0.15 wt.%. Furthermore, the fluctuation conductivity Δσ(T), above Tc, was analyzed as a function …
Speed Bump Detection For Autonomous Vehicles Using Signal-Processing Techniques, Mohamad Darwiche, Wassim El-Hajj-Chehade
Speed Bump Detection For Autonomous Vehicles Using Signal-Processing Techniques, Mohamad Darwiche, Wassim El-Hajj-Chehade
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
Autonomous vehicle (AV) is one of the emerging technologies that have far-reaching applications and implications in smart cities. Among the current challenges of the Smart City, Traffic management is of utmost importance. AV technologies can decrease transportation cost and can be used for efficient management and control of traffic flows. Traffic management strongly depends on the road surface condition. Abnormalities in the road, such as manholes and potholes, can cause accidents when not identified by the drivers. Furthermore, human-induced abnormalities, such as speed bumps, could also cause accidents. Detecting road abnormalities provide safety to human and vehicles. Current researches on …
A Review On The Use Of Vegetable Oil And Its Waste In Construction Applications, Ahmed Chamaa, Jamal Khatib, Adel Elkordi
A Review On The Use Of Vegetable Oil And Its Waste In Construction Applications, Ahmed Chamaa, Jamal Khatib, Adel Elkordi
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
The generation of waste materials is causing an impact on the environment due to many reasons including the effect on human health and decrease in landfill space. Of these waste materials is the waste cooking oil. There are large amounts of waste vegetable oil generated in the world and most of it is disposed of in the sewer system which can cause problems when treating wastewater. This paper is a review of literature on the use of vegetable oil (VO) and waste vegetable oil (WVO) as chemical admixtures in construction materials. The construction materials include mainly concrete and pavement. The …
Flexural Testing Of Various Composite-Beamsunder Quasi-Static Loads, Wael Slika, Adnan Masri, Oussama Baalbaki
Flexural Testing Of Various Composite-Beamsunder Quasi-Static Loads, Wael Slika, Adnan Masri, Oussama Baalbaki
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
The successful interaction between concrete and steel has inspired researchers to develop composite structural systems. Steel and concrete are utilized in various configurations to reduce construction costs and assure optimal load-response behavior. Since the response spectrum of the composite system varies from one system to another, adequate understanding of the composite system behavior is essential to guarantee a desired response. Several parameters affect the flexural capacity and failure mode of a composite section, such as geometry, material properties and bond. In practice, advanced material mechanics and numerical modeling can be utilized for simulating section response, however, variability in the material …
The Impact Of Design Changes In Construction Projects On The Cost Charged By Consultant Offices, Hadi Abou Chakra
The Impact Of Design Changes In Construction Projects On The Cost Charged By Consultant Offices, Hadi Abou Chakra
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
In any construction project, a large number of modifications occur. The consequences of those modifications may result in additional costs due to the re-design of the project on each member of the project’s stakeholders. The financial impact of modifications during the construction phase of a project on consultant offices will be explored in this study. The aim of this study is to investigate the cost of the modifications and to examine the type of relationship between the time spent on the design to accomplish the modifications and the amount of money earned in the return of the extra work done. …
Siderite As A Weighting Material In Drilling Mud, Khaled Abou Alfa, Rami Harkouss, Jamal Khatib
Siderite As A Weighting Material In Drilling Mud, Khaled Abou Alfa, Rami Harkouss, Jamal Khatib
BAU Journal - Science and Technology
Successful petroleum drilling largely depends on the type and quality of mud used in the process. There exist many types of muds, which differ in use and composition. Certain muds are composed of materials that can cause damage to the formation and the bottom-hole. This has resulted in the search for alternatives mud additives or addition of new materials to minimize the damage of the formation and enhance the stability of the wellbore. Several bodies of literature exist that research different sources of mud functions and additives, also their effect on the drilling process, the production zone and the environment. …
Sick Buildings, Poor Design And Public Heath, Dalia Shebl Said, Yasmin Shebl Said
Sick Buildings, Poor Design And Public Heath, Dalia Shebl Said, Yasmin Shebl Said
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)
There is no doubt that there is a close relationship between health problems and housing conditions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates in developing countries those 2 million early and unexpected deaths, with close to half occurring among children less than 5 years old die from indoor air pollution and bad housing. Housing is an important determinant of health, and substandard housing is a major public health issue. Designing and bad orientation of housing are found to have significant effects on poor respiratory health especially in children, and increase an infectious disease thereby putting them at higher risk …
Architectural Renovation Of Stadiums As A New Vision For Sustainability Case Study (Renovation Of Castelão Arena Stadium, Brazil & Soldier Field Stadium, Chicago), Sherif Khashaba, Ghada Rehan
Architectural Renovation Of Stadiums As A New Vision For Sustainability Case Study (Renovation Of Castelão Arena Stadium, Brazil & Soldier Field Stadium, Chicago), Sherif Khashaba, Ghada Rehan
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)
By reviewing the current situation of some existing stadium buildings, many stadiums are not applicable to sustainability requirements, with the absence of the required principles in this field, where sustainability is considered now as one of the important current trends. Rehabilitation of existing Buildings considers a crucial contributor to most sustainable development aspects. It is a starting point for the redevelopment which promotes social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainability. Both FIFA and UEFA support the need for sustainable stadiums. They set out some of the objectives which can achieve sustainability in stadiums. These objectives include efficient use of energy, …
Achieving Visual Comfort In University Educational Spaces:A Design Framework For Responsive Kinetic Skin, Fatima Belok, Mostafa Rabea, Mohamad Hanafi, Ibtihal Y. El-Bastawissi
Achieving Visual Comfort In University Educational Spaces:A Design Framework For Responsive Kinetic Skin, Fatima Belok, Mostafa Rabea, Mohamad Hanafi, Ibtihal Y. El-Bastawissi
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)
Achieving human comfort in a space is an architectural necessity. Feeling comfort is related to the sense organs network, such as the eyes, ears, nose, tactile sensors, heat sensors and brain. In fact, last few decades has witnessed the integration of many technologies and trends into the field of responsive architecture; among which kinetic architecture has been significant. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to achieve visual comfort in educational spaces in universities, while arguing that a responsive kinetic skin is to be an effective mean for achievement. That should help refreshing student and enhancing their educational spaces visually, …
A Proposed New Contemporary Vernacular Architecture As An Expression Of The Spirit Of Age-Design Principles: A Case Study Of Ajloun, Jordan, Mohannad Tarrad, Diana Abu-Baker
A Proposed New Contemporary Vernacular Architecture As An Expression Of The Spirit Of Age-Design Principles: A Case Study Of Ajloun, Jordan, Mohannad Tarrad, Diana Abu-Baker
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)
The development in technology and economy has led to rapid changes in architectural products. This development has effects, not only on the modern countries, but also on the developing countries, which are historically and culturally rich. Jordan is one of them. This paper investigates vernacular architecture and its approaches as conservative and interpretative attitude to explore the definition of vernacular architecture in contemporary architecture in Jordan. This was achieved by analyzing the 'Royal Academy for Nature Conservation’ building, which has been designed by the architect, Ammar Khammash. Royal Academy for Nature Conservation project has been nominated for Aga Khan Award. …
Forward To Enhancing Informal Transportation Stations In Crowded Cities, Mary Felix, Mostafa Elhefnawi
Forward To Enhancing Informal Transportation Stations In Crowded Cities, Mary Felix, Mostafa Elhefnawi
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)
By observing the planning of developing countries, it is clear that there are several factors that affect the movements and behaviors of transportation. One of these behaviors is the appearance of informal transportation modes, which move along certain paths to fulfil citizens’ needs. The phenomenon of informal transportation modes appears due to a lack of formal transportation modes existing, or a weakness in planning that does not consider the users’ needs or community behavior. This paper focuses on the location of informal transportation stops, which affect transportation movements and traffic jams, by observing and documenting the location and facilities of …
Carbon Neutral Urban Spaces Under Climate Change Case Study: Renovation Of Sidi Gaber Neighborhood In Alexandria, Egypt, Abdel Aziz Farouk Mohamed
Carbon Neutral Urban Spaces Under Climate Change Case Study: Renovation Of Sidi Gaber Neighborhood In Alexandria, Egypt, Abdel Aziz Farouk Mohamed
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)
With growing pressure from the public on governments and organizations to address climate change, the term ‘carbon neutral’ has become increasingly used in recent years. Carbon neutral is an emerging definition that relates to measuring, reducing and offsetting carbon energy used by either a building or an organization as a whole. Buildings are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions when they operated by fossil fuel energy resources. Sustainable urban development is essential issue to enhance the quality of life of city residents and to decrease the negative impact of conventional type of energy through using the renewable energy resources. …
The Impact Of Changes In Beirut Urban Patterns On The Microclimate: A Review Of Urban Policy And Building Regulations, Hiba Mohsen, Rokia Raslan, Ibtihal Y. El-Bastawissi
The Impact Of Changes In Beirut Urban Patterns On The Microclimate: A Review Of Urban Policy And Building Regulations, Hiba Mohsen, Rokia Raslan, Ibtihal Y. El-Bastawissi
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)
Previous studies conducted on Beirut have historically overlooked research in the field of urban microclimate. A better understanding of how Beirut urban development, including zoning and building regulations, has affected the current urban thermal climate is crucial in order to analyse how different factors have led to the structure of the city, including the quality of urban space and the degradation of its natural environment. Within the context of limited government capability to set out strategies for sustainable urban development, this paper examines the historical evolution of the Lebanese building regulations specifically in Beirut and investigates the impact of changes …
Health And Wellbeing Re-Visited; An Exploratory Study Towards A “Healthy & Wellbeing” University Campus, Hisham El-Arnaouty, Nader Azab, Osama Omar
Health And Wellbeing Re-Visited; An Exploratory Study Towards A “Healthy & Wellbeing” University Campus, Hisham El-Arnaouty, Nader Azab, Osama Omar
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)
“Health and wellbeing”, buzzword of the era! Whether the term is revolutionizing the way people think about buildings or not is still under investigation. Nevertheless, it certainly explores how design, operations and behaviors within the places where we live, work, learn and play can be optimized to advance human health and wellbeing. Knowing that the term has the possibility of being applied to different scales and arenas, this research focuses on the scale of university campuses. Numerous studies have revealed that university campuses could play a substantial role in boosting the innovation within communities and reinforcing the mission of developing …
Quality Of Life Between Working And Non-Workingpalestinian Women, Olfat Mahmoud
Quality Of Life Between Working And Non-Workingpalestinian Women, Olfat Mahmoud
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
This study tackles a number of variables that form the core of positive psychology: self-efficacy, optimism, the estimations of physical health, mental health, happiness and satisfaction, in addition to the variable of healthy behavior which is deemed a new-comer in Arab studies. The study, thus, seeks to determine the differences between these variable in the light of sex, as well as the relation between healthy behavior and the variables of the study. It also seeks to identify the factors that can be extracted from the correlation coefficients among the scales used, and finally to identify the variables that may predict …
World View: Self Perceptionhow Do Traditional Healers See Themselves?A Comparative Study Between Two Tribes: The Kikuyu (Kenya) And El Gabaleya (Egypt), Iman El Bastawisi
World View: Self Perceptionhow Do Traditional Healers See Themselves?A Comparative Study Between Two Tribes: The Kikuyu (Kenya) And El Gabaleya (Egypt), Iman El Bastawisi
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
In terms of all the changing orientations and perspectives towards “Traditional Healing” as an activity and professional that might meet with the call of “back to nature”, the present research aims to shed light on the views and perceptions of the one who are truly and totally involved in this practition. By using the comparative method in presenting and analyzing two different cases : the case of a traditional healer from the Kikuyu tribe in Kenya and the case of a traditional healer from El Gabaleya tribe in Egypt. Field studies were carried out among both tribes and intensive in …
Development Of Hardiness Questionnaire A Psychometric Study On High School Students In Lebanon, Helga Alaeddine
Development Of Hardiness Questionnaire A Psychometric Study On High School Students In Lebanon, Helga Alaeddine
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
With the emergence of Positive Psychology in 1980, research moved from examining the effect of negative stressors to focusing on the exploration of positive variables that enhance an individual’s ability to face such stressors without the negative impact on their physical and mental health. Further, recent research seeks to study the personality traits which can alleviate the adverse effects of stressful life events. Psychologists have observed that crises and stress often lead to more hardy individuals compared to those who have not been through similar experiences or faced similar stress. Psychological hardiness is, therefore, one of the most prominent variables …
Caregiver Burden, Coping Mechanisms And Catharsis: An Exploratory Study, Triveni Goswami Vernal
Caregiver Burden, Coping Mechanisms And Catharsis: An Exploratory Study, Triveni Goswami Vernal
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
Adopting a qualitative approach, with narrative analysis, an attempt will be made to understand the experience of ‘Caregiver Burden’ amongst 5-7 primary caregivers of children with Autism, in India. An attempt will also be made to capture their coping mechanisms and cathartic behaviours, to reduce stress. To this end, a Caregiver Burden Inventory and an Open Ended questionnaire, touching upon the main issues, will be used. The study also aims to perceive how autonomy as a personality trait can play a significant role in empowering oneself as a caregiver and subsequently have noteworthy consequences on the coping mechanisms and cathartic …
Current Practices Of Community Pharmacists In Counseling Patients On Smoking Cessation In Beirut:A Questionnaire – Based Study, Mohamed Issa, Maya Elsolh, Lama Soubra
Current Practices Of Community Pharmacists In Counseling Patients On Smoking Cessation In Beirut:A Questionnaire – Based Study, Mohamed Issa, Maya Elsolh, Lama Soubra
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
Despite various strategies and efforts exerted in the form of awareness campaigns, health conferences, targeted advertisements and laws, the prevalence of smoking is alarmingly increasing for both genders in Lebanon. Because of the ease of accessibility, community pharmacists are ideally positioned to help their patients quit smoking. The current study aims to assess the Lebanese pharmacists’ practices in counseling their patients on smoking cessation. A cross-sectional study targeting community pharmacists in Beirut was conducted during June 2017 to September 2017. The adopted questionnaire was designed based on the WHO approved 5A’s toolkit program for delivering brief tobacco interventions in primary …
Does Durkheim's Theory Hold Any Truths For Modern Day Self-Immolation? A Review On The Literature, Mohsen Rezaeian
Does Durkheim's Theory Hold Any Truths For Modern Day Self-Immolation? A Review On The Literature, Mohsen Rezaeian
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
Durkheim categorized suicide into four types as “egoistic”, “anomic”, “fatalistic”, and “altruistic”. He further hypothesized that the last two types i.e. “fatalistic” and “altruistic” are assigned to the then traditional society. However, in the present article and through literature review I will discuss that in modern society and especially within some low and middle income countries, self-immolation on its first and second most prevalent patterns i.e. to protest at micro and macro levels, respectively could be considered as a social self-sacrifice phenomenon. Therefore, it may well categorize as the altruistic type of suicide based on Durkheim’s theory.
Suicide And Culture, Mehmet Eskin
Suicide And Culture, Mehmet Eskin
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing
The rates of suicidal ideation, attempts and mortality present a large intersocietal variation. This variation is usually attributed to the role of culture, but the issue is still poorly understood. How does culture contribute to the intersocietal or cross-cultural variation of suicidal behavior? How culture might be involved in the onset, maintenance and aggravation of suicidal tendencies? In this paper, I will be discussing possible mechanisms of culture for the onset, maintenance and aggravation of suicidal propensities. Specifically, I will be examining the role of religion, individualistic-collectivistic value orientations, self-construal and survival versus self-expression values for their relevance to suicidal …