Digital Commons Network^™

Trustworthy Ai At The Air Quality-Health Nexus: A Systematic Review Of Federated Learning, Distributed Ledger Technologies, And Explainable Ai, Nadia Dahmani, Imen Ben Salem, Syed M Salman Bukhari

All Works

Abstract Air quality (AQ) related health risks are increasing globally, creating urgent demand for artificial intelligence (AI) systems that are privacy-preserving, transparent, and auditable. Although Federated Learning (FL), Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT), and Explainable AI (XAI) are widely recognized as core components of trustworthy AI, existing research remains divided across technical and application domains. This study conducts a computational, multistage systematic review (SR) of scholarly literature records published between 2011 and 2025 using the Semantic Scholar Graph API with intersection and union search strategies. A total of 13 458 records were retrieved and refined into a research-grade corpus of 7 …

The End-Of-Life Option Most People Don’T Know About: Is It Legal?, Pamela Bucy Pierson

Idaho Law Review

This article is about an end-of-life option that many people have not heard of: Voluntary Stopping Eating and Drinking (VSED). With VSED, a person deliberately ceases intake of food and fluid to hasten their death. VSED is a peaceful, pain-free end-of-life option chosen by an increasing number of individuals in their last chapter of life who are suffering from chronic, incurable, progressively debilitating diseases. While there is considerable scholarship on the lawfulness of VSED, there is confusion in the existing literature on whether VSED is suicide, and on the related question whether individuals who provide comfort and care to VSED …

Great Crypto Vanishing Act: Illusory Contracts And The Economic Loss Rule, Henry H. Perritt Jr.

Idaho Law Review

Cryptocurrencies have gained respectability with enactment of the federal GENIUS Act, which lays a regulatory foundation for the safest type of cryptocurrency, stablecoins, while leaving significant uncertainty with respect to unbacked crypto assets like Bitcoin and other cryptomoney and crypto investments that do not come within the GENUIS Act’s scope. The vulnerability of cryptocurrencies to wild fluctuations in value and to outright collapse are legion. The GENIUS Act may tame some actors who choose to operate within its framework, but many questions remain.

Legal remedies available to victims of cryptocurrency mishaps, from exchange collapses to issuer fraud, depend heavily on …

Child Protection Across Cultural Borders: Is Child Neglect Culture-Specific? Should It Be?, David Pimentel, Meeka C. Woods

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Intercountry Adoptions In South Africa And Uganda: Do Different Contracting Statuses Relative To The Hague Convention Matter?, Joseph Isanga

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Vt‑Tce V1.0 — Standalone Buildable Disclosure Vortex‑Tube Thermal Conditioning Engine A Passive Hot/Cold Separation Thermal‑Conditioning System For Remote Energy Installations, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

VT‑TCE v1.0 is a builder‑ready, open‑hardware, standalone thermal‑conditioning engine based on:

• vortex‑tube hot/cold separation

• passive thermal routing

• synthetic‑coolant compatibility

• hot‑stream buffering

• cold‑stream electronics/sensor cooling

It is designed for remote energy installations, providing:

• cold‑stream electronics cooling

• hot‑stream thermal buffering

• auxiliary heat routing

• passive thermal stabilization

This version contains no external invention references and is fully buildable and testable by engineering teams.

Context-Aware Multimodal Generative Copilot And Cross-Surface Discovery Engine For Automotive Passenger Displays, Richa Gupta

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes an operating-system-level passenger copilot, also referred to as an in-car assistant, passenger companion, or media helper, for vehicles equipped with passenger displays, rear-seat entertainment screens, or secondary displays. The system coordinates video screen image capture (frame ingestion), voice isolation (seat-isolated routing), cross-device watch history syncing (watch graph synchronization), and on-screen landmark navigation (point of interest extraction) to enhance the in-vehicle entertainment experience without distracting the driver. When a user taps an on-screen icon or speaks into a dedicated microphone, the vehicle operating system captures a video frame, screenshot, or image from a streaming video application. A multimodal …

Edge-Based Causal Analysis For Remediating Micro-Temporal Resource Congestion, Ajit Singh

Defensive Publications Series

Systems and methods are described for mitigating micro-temporal resource congestion in multi-tenant computing environments, where conventional schedulers may not effectively resolve sub-second interference. A decentralized control plane can operate at the node level, using local probabilistic profiling to generate compressed summaries of system behavior. A causal analysis engine can then calculate a correlation coefficient to attribute performance degradation in a affected workload to the resource consumption of a potential source workload. The system can handle analysis edge cases, such as resource saturation, and can employ a return-on-investment framework to select a remediation action, for example, throttling the source, boosting the …

An Innovative Surgical Simulator For Globe And Orbit Procedures, Anuj U. Patel, George Lin, Rishi Hoskeri, Chelsea L. Reighard, Marguerite C. Weinert, Zahra Nourmohammadi, David Zopf

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Increased access to procedural opportunities for trainees in ophthalmology is needed to refine critical surgical skills, including manipulating and suturing the conjunctiva and sclera.

Purpose: To develop an in vitro high-fidelity globe and orbit model, made from synthetic materials and 3D-printing techniques, and to report our experience using the model in a structured wet lab training session on conjunctival and scleral suturing.

Methods: The model was implemented into two resident wet lab courses. Trainees and expert evaluators were asked to perform the same procedures. Evaluators were asked to incise and repair the simulated conjunctiva and sclera …

Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Eye-Related Emergency Department Encounters At An Academic Safety-Net Health System, Eleanor Burton, Taylor Gemperline, Cynthia Wan, Clayton Grundvig, Hannah Harrelson, Caroline Kim, Michael Cusick

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Emergency departments (EDs) provide care to millions of patients with eye-related concerns annually. Many patients delayed seeking medical care for routine and emergent conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the demographics and diagnoses of eye-related emergency department visits at an academic safety-net health system.

Methods: The medical records of patients seen in the University of Virginia (UVA) ED from 1 July 2017 to 29 December 2022 with a primary ophthalmic diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical and demographic information was extracted from electronic health records, and an acuity …

Development And Delivery Of A Novel Psychologically Informed Resident Wellness Curriculum, Marguerite C. Weinert, Alice Lorch, Ethan Lester

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Residents in training are at increased risk for burnout, depression, and suicide. Wellness efforts are widespread, but common practices are often transient, ineffective, or dependent on additional time from residents.

Purpose: To describe the development, delivery, and reception of a structured wellness curriculum aimed at providing residents psychoeducation, coping skills, and community building opportunities.

Methods: Residents PGY1-4 were surveyed on our wellness curriculum. This included how helpful the curriculum was in achieving its goals (providing a space for resident concerns and challenges, teaching coping tools and skills, reducing burnout, strengthening bonds between coresidents), impressions of the …

Gender Disparities In Academic Productivity Of Early Career Ophthalmologists With Children, Olivia J. Killeen, Theodora Vorias, Stacy L. Pineles, Reshma Jagsi, Laura B. Enyedi, Arghavan Salles, Amanda L. Ely, Michelle T. Cabrera

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Female academic physicians are less likely than males to be promoted. Gender disparities related to parenthood and academic productivity may contribute to differing promotion trajectories for men and women.

Purpose: We investigated the association of gender and parenthood on academic productivity among early career ophthalmologists.

Methods: An email questionnaire was distributed to assistant professors of ophthalmology at U.S. institutions from February to April 2023. The questionnaire included items related to demographics, family responsibilities, and academic productivity. Descriptive statistics were calculated by gender alone and gender with parenthood status. Negative binomial regression models were used to analyze …

Design And Longitudinal Evaluation Of A Novel Medical School Preclerkship Ophthalmology Course: A Four-Year Study, Anagha Lokhande, Spandana Jarmale, Aiden Meyer, Ji Yun Han, Emily Wang, Grayson W. Armstrong, Michael Migliori, Jamie Schaefer, Nicole Lanza

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Across many medical schools, opportunities are lacking for students to gain exposure to ophthalmology in their preclerkship years. We aimed to design and evaluate a course introducing first- and second-year medical students to ophthalmology to augment early exposure.

Methods: A novel extracurricular course was designed to increase students’ knowledge base in ophthalmology and to cultivate relationships with clinical faculty. The first part of the class comprised a series of three didactic sessions teaching key anatomical, pathophysiological, and epidemiological topics in ophthalmology. Students then learned suturing techniques and the eye examination through resident-led hands-on workshops, received advice about …

Virtual Introductory Summer Course In Ophthalmology (Visco): Implementation Of A Novel Online Course To Address Gaps In Ophthalmology Education, Katherine Lucy Jung, Cody Lo, Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen, Sherif R. El-Defrawy, Jonathan A. Micieli, Michael Thai Binh Nguyen

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Ophthalmology education in medical schools worldwide has declined over the past 20 years, despite an aging global population with increasing ocular concerns, highlighting a critical gap in physician training. All physicians must be adequately trained to provide basic ophthalmic care when specialists are unavailable.

Purpose: To describe and evaluate the Virtual Introductory Summer Course in Ophthalmology (VISCO), an open-access live virtual program conducted in 2021 and 2022.

Methods: VISCO was created by Canadian ophthalmology faculty, residents, and medical students. The course utilized a “reverse classroom” format where participants were supplied with a reading guide of high-quality …

Tolkien’S Medievalism In Ruins: The Function Of Relics And Ruins In Middle-Earth (2025) Edited By Nick Katsiadas And Carl Sell, Deborah Sabo

Journal of Tolkien Research

Book review, by Deborah Sabo, of Tolkien’s Medievalism in Ruins: The Function of Relics and Ruins in Middle-earth (2025) edited by Nick Katsiadas and Carl Sell

Socialism And Radicalism, Edward Bibbons Aveling

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Pacific Coast Longshoremen's Strike Of 1934

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Donald R. Richberg's Story: The Mexican Oil Seizure, Donald Randall Richberg

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Destruction Of An Army : First Campaign In Libya, Sept. 1940 - Feb. 1941, Great Britain. War Office.

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

A New Utopia Called A League-For-A-Living

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

The German Use Of Unemployment Insurance Funds For Works Purposes, E.B. Mittelman

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Vigilance Pamphlets. Number 11 Of 12

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

The Draft Soviet Constitution, Denis Nowell Pritt, J. B. Priestley, W. Rust

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Masses & Mainstream

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

U.S. Relations With China, Dean Acheson

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Pioneers In U.S. Cryptology., Center For Cryptologic History

Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements

No abstract provided.

Ai, The Liberal Arts, And Indigenous Languages: Forming Code Into Language, Christina Graebner

Summer Research Showcase

During the Summer, Spanish Professor Adam Coon and I worked on creating an annotated biography on AI and Indigenous languages for the Digital Well at the UMN Morris Library. Through this project, we have dived into conversations and research focusing on using AI as a translator. In recent years, the conversation around AI has created a surge of studies and research around the relationship between Indigenous languages and artificial intelligence. AI will only continue to expand, and it creates new ways to open communication but creates new ethical guidelines needed to be followed. Our project gathers research articles, podcasts, and …

How Planning For Engineering Instruction Supported Culturally Responsive-Sustaining Pedagogy For Prek–12 Teachers, Kristen V. Napolitano, Amanda M. Gunning, Meghan E. Marrero

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

With the wide adoption of the Next Generation Science Standards across the United States and an increased focus on growing a diverse engineering workforce, learning to teach precollege engineering has become more important than ever. Yet limited precollege engineering certification pathway exists, leaving preK–12 teachers to integrate engineering with few resources or professional learning support. In high-need districts, where teachers are already underresourced and stretched thin, engineering may not make its way into the classroom at all. As a result, access to engineering and other STEM opportunities is disproportionately low among Black and Brown and/or low-income students in these communities, …

Fdms‑2.0 — Field‑Domain Multi‑Sensor Mapper & Environmental State Observatory A Synchronized, Multi‑Physics Environmental Measurement And Anomaly‑Detection Instrument For Scientific Research, Structural Monitoring, Wildfire Precursor Detection, Hvac Diagnostics, And Multi‑Domain Environmental Mapping., Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

FDMS‑2.0 is an open‑hardware, FPGA+ARM‑based environmental observatory capable of simultaneously measuring eight physics domains:

• Thermal

• Acoustic

• Infrared

• Vibration

• Optical spectral

• Airflow

• Electromagnetic field

• Low‑frequency EM antenna

All domains are sampled in parallel, timestamped at microsecond resolution, and fused into a unified environmental frame. FDMS‑2.0 establishes a baseline environmental model, computes an Environmental Stability Index (ESI), and detects anomalies only when multiple physics domains deviate simultaneously, eliminating false positives.

FDMS‑2.0 is fully buildable using off‑the‑shelf components, reproducible wiring, open firmware, and compact ASCII diagrams. It integrates optionally with other Caldwell research inventions (CMHRE‑Ω1.0, CUDRE‑1.0, VETI‑4.0, MMRA‑2.0, ONRS‑2.0, VMR Titan‑2.0, CNG‑Loop, URES‑2.0) …

Automatic Elevation Brake And Fall-Safety Locking Mechanism For Height-Adjustable Patient Support Tables, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Described herein is an automatic fall-safe braking system for a height-adjustable patient support table that uses a scissor-lift mechanism for elevation. The disclosed system integrates a braking mechanism into the table elevation structure to automatically prevent unintended downward motion when operating power is removed or an unsafe condition occurs. The purpose is to prevent uncontrolled table descent during sudden power loss or service operations, without requiring any manual intervention from an operator or service engineer. The system mounts a braking mechanism directly on a scissor shaft. In some embodiments, the braking mechanism comprises a spring-set, electromagnetically released brake mounted directly …