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Design Of Mathematical Model For Surface Roughness: Optimizing Rsm Through Process Parameters In Machining, Mevludin Shabani, Xhemajl Mehmeti Oct 2024

Design Of Mathematical Model For Surface Roughness: Optimizing Rsm Through Process Parameters In Machining, Mevludin Shabani, Xhemajl Mehmeti

UBT International Conference

This research paper presents the design of mathematical model aimed at optimizing surface roughness, with a specific focus on the mean width of surface profile peaks (Rsm) during turning operations. It identifies cutting speed and feed rate as critical factors influencing Rsm, highlighting that feed rate exerts the most significant impact on surface quality. Increased feed rates result in coarser finishes due to greater distances between the cutting tool's contact points, whereas lower feed rates yield smoother surfaces. The study also explores how variations in feed rate can affect machining stability, leading to issues such as vibration, tool engagement challenges, …

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Innovative Use Of Load Cell Technology For Analyzing Strength Of Plastic Shopping Bags: A Case Study, Ylli Rexhaj, Redon Rexhepi, Fidan Smaili Oct 2024

Innovative Use Of Load Cell Technology For Analyzing Strength Of Plastic Shopping Bags: A Case Study, Ylli Rexhaj, Redon Rexhepi, Fidan Smaili

UBT International Conference

Load cells are essential components in modern measurement systems, widely utilized across various industries for precise force and weight measurements. This article presents the application of load cell technology in industry and in the testing field. In our project, an SC133 aluminum load cell with a highprecision weight sensor capable of measuring up to 20 kg was used. The load cell is mounted as a cantilever beam in a specially designed construction to ensure the testing of plastic bags and is connected through a microcontroller. The HX711 signal amplifier module was used, and data were monitored through an LCD screen …

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Comparative Evaluation Of Microcontrollers For Real-Time Heart Rate Monitoring And Tachycardia/Bradycardia Detection, Arxhend Jetullahu, Luan Mulaku, Saranda Demolli Oct 2024

Comparative Evaluation Of Microcontrollers For Real-Time Heart Rate Monitoring And Tachycardia/Bradycardia Detection, Arxhend Jetullahu, Luan Mulaku, Saranda Demolli

UBT International Conference

A surge in the yearning for portable gadgets related to healthcare has ignited a coupling of microchip controllers with models from the realm of machine learning, aimed at the task of immediate health observation. It's quite paramount, specifically in the context of identifying irregularities in heart rate, like tachycardia—where the heart races unusually fast—and bradycardia, an instance of a sluggish heartbeat. The neat thing is that this study takes a stab at contrasting the effectiveness among three popular microcontroller types—the ESP32, the Raspberry Pi, and the Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense—in terms of real-time tracking of heartbeats and spotting any …

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Plastic Recycling And Impact On The Environment, Ibush Luzha, Smajl Rizani Oct 2024

Plastic Recycling And Impact On The Environment, Ibush Luzha, Smajl Rizani

UBT International Conference

Plastic recycling is an essential component in global efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of plastic waste. In this paper we will provide an in-depth analysis of different recycling methods, the environmental benefits and challenges associated with recycling plastics, and the wider implications for environmental sustainability. In this paper we will discuss the types of plastics, their respective recycling processes and the environmental consequences of plastic pollution. In addition, we will deal with case studies and statistical data to illustrate the current state of plastic recycling at the country and global level. Through this comprehensive study we aim to provide …

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Treatment Of The Spring-Well Water Number 5 For The Production Line Of The Fizzy Drinks Company "Royal Beverage" Without Chlorine And The Monitoring Of The Physical-Chemical And Microbiological Aspects, Enis Buca, Erxhan Ibrahimi, Luljeta Ajdini, Albina Mustafa Ferati, Arianeta Nura, Veton Haziri, Lorike Salihu Oct 2024

Treatment Of The Spring-Well Water Number 5 For The Production Line Of The Fizzy Drinks Company "Royal Beverage" Without Chlorine And The Monitoring Of The Physical-Chemical And Microbiological Aspects, Enis Buca, Erxhan Ibrahimi, Luljeta Ajdini, Albina Mustafa Ferati, Arianeta Nura, Veton Haziri, Lorike Salihu

UBT International Conference

The purpose of this paper is the study of an underground spring water treatment activity without chlorine disinfectant. Based on the fact that chlorine and all other disinfectants during their use for water disinfection also have their negative sides. We have started the application of the water treatment method for the production of gas liquids without chemicals only with physical treatment methods also with reverse osmosis, microbiological filter and UW-Lamp and the collected water must remain in recycling all the time.After the exploitation of water from the underground source - well no. 5 with a depth of 60 m and …

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Using Object-Based Classification To Estimate Built-Up Density In An Urban Environment: A Case Study In Ferizaj, Kosova, Pajtim Zariqi, Lena Halounova Oct 2024

Using Object-Based Classification To Estimate Built-Up Density In An Urban Environment: A Case Study In Ferizaj, Kosova, Pajtim Zariqi, Lena Halounova

UBT International Conference

In this research, built-up density is quantified in Ferizaj’s urban setting through object-based classification on Planet Imagery (0.5m) acquired in 2019. The identification of homogeneous urban features is done by using ArcGIS Pro software and Mean Shift Segmentation. This segmentation is rather useful in the identification of clusters by incorporating the spatial and spectral characteristics that distinguish builtup and non-built-up regions. Training samples were obtained from satellite imagery and aerial images collected in 2019 with equal distribution of samples in the classification. Object-based classification has major benefits over pixel-based techniques in using spatial context and minimizing misclassification in urban areas. …

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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization Of Raw And Thermally Treated Clays From Albania, Sidorela Vishkulli, Ilda Tole, Sonila Vito, Maria Hoxhaj, Ilirjana Boci Oct 2024

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization Of Raw And Thermally Treated Clays From Albania, Sidorela Vishkulli, Ilda Tole, Sonila Vito, Maria Hoxhaj, Ilirjana Boci

UBT International Conference

There is growing interest in using thermally treated clays as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in construction. The suitability of the clays as SCMs varies according to their origin and composition. Clay minerals undergo several changes when heated, including dehydration, dehydroxylation, structural collapse, and new phases formation. This paper aims to evaluate the structural changes and modifications induced by thermal treatment of some selected clays from Albania. After grinding and sieving, the selected clays are treated thermally for one hour in different temperature values, ranging from 550 to 750°C. The raw and treated clays are analysed with FTIR spectrometer in order …

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Expectations And Satisfaction Of Clients Who Collaborate With Architects For Interior Design, Ramadan Topuzi, Erblina Asani, Rrahim Sejdiu, Bujar Jashari, Agron Bajraktari Oct 2024

Expectations And Satisfaction Of Clients Who Collaborate With Architects For Interior Design, Ramadan Topuzi, Erblina Asani, Rrahim Sejdiu, Bujar Jashari, Agron Bajraktari

UBT International Conference

The study analyzes the needs, expectations and satisfaction of customers; considering the design skills of architects in the time of rapid technological developments and innovations, for the creation of an interior environment as attractive as possible. The study considers data from 230 respondents through questionnaires structured for this purpose, through purposive sampling as a non-probability sampling approach. The data were analyzed according to averages by grouping the respondents according to professions. The results show different levels of expectations regarding the time it takes to realize the design and the expected deadlines for the completion of the entire project. The design …

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Comparison Between Concrete Column Retrofitting And Steel Jacketing, Blendi Ethemi, Asrim Rapuca Oct 2024

Comparison Between Concrete Column Retrofitting And Steel Jacketing, Blendi Ethemi, Asrim Rapuca

UBT International Conference

The project focuses on the strengthening of structural elements, specifically a column in a building being transformed from its current P+1 structure, used for residential purposes, into a new P+2 structure intended to serve as a bookstore and storage space. The analysis begins with the assessment of the current structure in two key aspects: the capacity of the existing column dimensions to accommodate new loads (ductility factor) and the verification of the concrete class through non-destructive testing. After completing the inspection of the current structure, two options are proposed for the central column of the building: concrete retrofitting by increasing …

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Solving Network Problems Through Intelligent Systems, Liridon Hoti, Rigon Pira, Dijana Latifi Oct 2024

Solving Network Problems Through Intelligent Systems, Liridon Hoti, Rigon Pira, Dijana Latifi

UBT International Conference

Due to the complexity and extent of network environments, network security problems are becoming more and more serious, and network learning systems are also facing the risk of cyber security attacks. Therefore, it is necessary to design an intrusion detection system adapted for network learning systems. This system uses advanced machine learning and data mining technologies to analyze and process the data stream of the network learning system, extracting relevant features from this data stream, to build a sophisticated model of detection of intrusion detection and to realize network learning system intrusion detection. The use of intelligent algorithms increases the …

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Handling Mass-Data In Modern Healthcare: A Review Of Data Streaming Technologies, Ylli Kllokoqi, Vehebi Sofiu Oct 2024

Handling Mass-Data In Modern Healthcare: A Review Of Data Streaming Technologies, Ylli Kllokoqi, Vehebi Sofiu

UBT International Conference

In today's digital landscape, the vast flow of data has become an integral part of every sector, from healthcare to finance. This continuous generation of voluminous data, often referred to as "data streaming," plays a critical role in processing real-time information, where low-latency and highthroughput solutions are essential. We explored the key frameworks and technologies used for event and data streaming, focusing on managing medical signals such as temperature and oxygen levels. The study evaluates the effectiveness of platforms like Apache Kafka, Apache Storm, Apache Flank, Apache Spark, and Amazon Kinesis in processing large-scale data streams. An experimental REST API …

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Transforming Healthcare Systems Through The Integration Of Artificial Intelligence And Blockchain, Elinda Krasniqi, Besnik Qehaja, Vehbi Neziri, Edmond Hajrizi Oct 2024

Transforming Healthcare Systems Through The Integration Of Artificial Intelligence And Blockchain, Elinda Krasniqi, Besnik Qehaja, Vehbi Neziri, Edmond Hajrizi

UBT International Conference

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain technology offers transformative potential for healthcare by addressing challenges in data management, security, and operational efficiency. AI enhances diagnostic accuracy, enables personalized treatments, and supports predictive analytics, improving clinical decision-making and allowing healthcare professionals to focus more on patient care. Meanwhile, Blockchain ensures data integrity, transparency, and security through a decentralized and immutable health record ledger, reducing data breaches and fraud risks. Together, AI and Blockchain can lower operational costs, streamline healthcare processes, and improve patient outcomes by securely managing sensitive medical data. This paper examines their combined applications in electronic health records (EHRs), …

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The Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Enhancing English For Specific Purposes (Esp) Teaching, Enkeleda Jata, Irina Shehu, Erion Shehu Oct 2024

The Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Enhancing English For Specific Purposes (Esp) Teaching, Enkeleda Jata, Irina Shehu, Erion Shehu

UBT International Conference

In the recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has impacted various sectors, including language education. One of the fields that has particularly benefited from AI integration is language education, specifically English for Specific Purposes (ESP). ESP courses are designed to meet the student’s language needs of learners in a specialized field. This paper explores how AI can effectively improve the outcomes of ESP courses and how it can be incorporated into ESP curricula. By addressing both benefits and challenges of AI in ESP, this paper aims to provide educators with insights into leveraging AI tools to meet the evolving demands of …

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Voltage Stability Analyses In Kosovo Power System, Kadri Kadriu, Armend Ymeri, Nexhmi Krasniqi Oct 2024

Voltage Stability Analyses In Kosovo Power System, Kadri Kadriu, Armend Ymeri, Nexhmi Krasniqi

UBT International Conference

In recent years, there has been an increase in the frequency of blackouts in the system. On 21 June 2024 at 12:24 CET, due to a major incident in the Continental Europe power system region, a large part of the transmission systems of Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Croatia suffered a voltage collapse followed by a total blackout. Research into preventing blackouts in power systems is crucial. Voltage stability analysis using the modal method is the focus of this paper, which is applied to the case study of the Kosovo power system. The voltage stability margin in …

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Performance Analysis Of A 1 Mw Pv System Connected To The Distribution Grid, Armend Ymeri, Nexhmi Krasniqi, Kadri Kadriu, Alban Shala Oct 2024

Performance Analysis Of A 1 Mw Pv System Connected To The Distribution Grid, Armend Ymeri, Nexhmi Krasniqi, Kadri Kadriu, Alban Shala

UBT International Conference

This paper provides a thorough performance analysis of a 1 MW photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with the distribution network. The study evaluates the system's efficiency by examining the performance of both the PV modules and inverters. It presents detailed visualizations of the system, including peak power, the number of panels and inverters, panel orientation, tilt angles, and the spatial layout of the system in its deployment environment. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing how the system will perform in its specific setting and for implementing necessary adjustments to enhance efficiency and electricity production. The paper highlights the impact of …

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Advanced Fiber Composites In Textiles: Enhancing Material Selection With Ashby Charts, Mevludin Shabani Oct 2024

Advanced Fiber Composites In Textiles: Enhancing Material Selection With Ashby Charts, Mevludin Shabani

UBT International Conference

Composite materials, especially advanced fibers like aramid (e.g., Kevlar, Nomex) and carbon fibers have revolutionized textiles through improved material science and manufacturing. Aramid fibers offer exceptional strength, heat resistance, and chemical resilience, crucial in protective gear and industrial fabrics. Similarly, carbon fibers, known for their high strength-toweight ratio, thermal stability, and versatility, have transformed aerospace, automotive, and highperformance textile sectors. This research employs Ashby Charts for comparative analysis, guiding material selection in textile design based on properties such as strength and thermal stability. Despite challenges in cost and scalability, ongoing research aims to enhance raw materials and manufacturing processes through …

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Case Study: Creativity And Innovation In Graphic Design, Arberesha Hoxha Oct 2024

Case Study: Creativity And Innovation In Graphic Design, Arberesha Hoxha

UBT International Conference

Design communicates thoughts, ideas, emotions, and narratives in a universal language. Cultural differences, however, have a big impact on how people view and understand design. Storytelling, usability, aesthetics, and symbolism are all impacted by the intricate relationships between culture and design. In a world growing more interconnected by the day, it is critical to recognize and comprehend the impact of cultural subtleties on design. Through the lens of cultural aesthetics, design is assessed. These aesthetics consist of fashion trends, color palettes, and design elements that are representative of specific civilizations. Aspects of design frequently have rich cultural meaning and symbolism. …

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The Impact Of Digital Marketing And Artificial Intelligence (Ai) On The Development Of The Market In Kosovo, Hamëz Rama Oct 2024

The Impact Of Digital Marketing And Artificial Intelligence (Ai) On The Development Of The Market In Kosovo, Hamëz Rama

UBT International Conference

In the age of advanced technology, particularly in the third millennium, digital marketing and artificial intelligence (AI) play a crucial role in transforming advertising methods and market development. The use of social networks, websites, and advertisements targeted by promoters and users has managed to create a very exclusive and attractive image for consumers in Kosovo as well. The online shopping experience and the presentation of products and services in a contained and appealing manner have made this component gain a more dispersed access in the Kosovo market. This paper examines the impact of these technologies on market development in Kosovo …

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Comparison Of Synthetic And Real Earthquake Time Histories Recorded At Seismic Station Gjilan From The Peja Earthquake (Ml=5.1), Shemsi Mustafa, Visar Krelani, Besian Sinani Oct 2024

Comparison Of Synthetic And Real Earthquake Time Histories Recorded At Seismic Station Gjilan From The Peja Earthquake (Ml=5.1), Shemsi Mustafa, Visar Krelani, Besian Sinani

UBT International Conference

Based on the historical catalog of earthquakes and the seismic hazard map for a recurring period of 95, 475, 975 years, Kosovo has a high potential for seismic hazards, necessitating the integration of data from disciplines such as seismogeotecnic to assess these risks effectively. High-frequency seismic ground motions are critical for engineers conducting non-linear dynamic structural analysis, especially in performance-based seismic design. By simulating earthquake ground motions using models that accurately reflect variations in intensity and frequency over time, we can improve predictions of structural performance. The purpose of the development of artificial time-histories is to provide the designer with …

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Integration Of Drone Technology And Gis For Spatial Data Generation And Analysis Of The Municipal Waste Dump Of Pristina, Xhesika Hasa, Hazir Çadraku Oct 2024

Integration Of Drone Technology And Gis For Spatial Data Generation And Analysis Of The Municipal Waste Dump Of Pristina, Xhesika Hasa, Hazir Çadraku

UBT International Conference

The integration of drone technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in civil engineering has significantly revolutionized the way data is collected, analyzed, and interpreted in various engineering projects. Drones offer a cost-effective and efficient solution for capturing high-resolution aerial imagery and generating detailed topographic maps. GIS provides a powerful platform for managing, analyzing, and visualizing the vast amount of spatial data collected by drones. This combination allows engineers to accurately measure distances, monitor construction progress, assess site conditions, and identify potential hazards. As such, this research aims to explore the practical a pli-cation, benefits, challenges, and future prospects of using …

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The Role Of Cement Type And Origin In Achieving Concrete Class, Blendi Ethemi Oct 2024

The Role Of Cement Type And Origin In Achieving Concrete Class, Blendi Ethemi

UBT International Conference

This study investigates the influence of the type and origin of cement on the final strength and quality of concrete. Cement is a crucial component in concrete production, directly affecting its durability and environmental resistance. The primary challenge in the industry is the failure to achieve the required concrete class within 28 days, often attributed to the cement's origin and composition. Through laboratory testing, this research compares the performance of various cement types from different origins to assess their impact on the compressive strength of concrete. The results aim to provide a clearer understanding of the types of cement used …

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Artificial Intelligence Implementation In Project Management, Besnik Skenderi, Diamanta Skenderi Oct 2024

Artificial Intelligence Implementation In Project Management, Besnik Skenderi, Diamanta Skenderi

UBT International Conference

In the modern business landscape, nearly a quarter of global economic activities are conducted through projects, yet around 35% of them fail to meet their goals. To improve project success rates, organizations utilize methodologies like PMBOK and PRINCE2, alongside Agile approaches, particularly in IT sectors. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in project management, automating tasks, providing predictive analytics, and enhancing decision-making. Despite its benefits, AI introduces challenges such as algorithmic bias, transparency issues, and data privacy concerns. This paper discusses the impact of AI on project management, its implementation challenges, and the need for adaptive …

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Identification Of The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Building Thermal Insulation Materials In Terms Of Thermal Characteristics And Investment Costs, Hazbi Kryeziu, Petrit Ahmeti Oct 2024

Identification Of The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Building Thermal Insulation Materials In Terms Of Thermal Characteristics And Investment Costs, Hazbi Kryeziu, Petrit Ahmeti

UBT International Conference

This study evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of various thermal insulation materials throughout their life cycle, from production to recycling. The environmental impact during production is assessed by measuring greenhouse gas emissions in carbon dioxide equivalents. The study has been focused on three main thermal insulating 117 materials - EPS, PUR and Mineral Wool, which are more commonly applied in the market of the Republic of Kosovo. A combination of comparisons methods has been applied to identify investment costs differences, thermal properties, recycling possibilities and fire resistance of these materials. The results reflect clearly the advantages and disadvantages of treated …

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Biophilic Design In Architecture And Its Side Effects: Potential Side Effects And Challenges Of Biophilic Design, Visar Shllaku, Kaltrina Veselaj Shllaku Oct 2024

Biophilic Design In Architecture And Its Side Effects: Potential Side Effects And Challenges Of Biophilic Design, Visar Shllaku, Kaltrina Veselaj Shllaku

UBT International Conference

Biophilic design in architecture aims to integrate natural elements into built environments to promote wellbeing and connectivity with nature. However, it presents several potential side effects and challenges. Maintenance issues arise as natural elements require regular upkeep, and without it, they can deteriorate and pose health hazards. High start-up costs and long-term maintenance charges can limit feasibility, while sensitivities as allergic reactions to plants and natural elements can cause to occupants’ health problems issues. Indoor gardens increased water usage can lead result to higher operational costs as well as concerns towards sustainability. Additional supports for large plants and water features …

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Ai In Architecture: Achieving A Balance Between Computational Insights And Human Creativity, Gazmend Uka Oct 2024

Ai In Architecture: Achieving A Balance Between Computational Insights And Human Creativity, Gazmend Uka

UBT International Conference

Graham Wallas identifies the four fundamental steps in the creative process: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification. This paper investigates the selective integration of artificial intelligence into the creative framework, with an emphasis on the preparation and verification stages to improve creativity without compromising human inventiveness. AI can speed up data collection and trend analysis throughout the preparation process, allowing architects to focus on conceptual and high-level ideas. In the verification stage, AI may carefully evaluate and improve ideas, ensuring their practicality and resilience through thorough analysis and feedback. By carefully incorporating artificial intelligence into various phases of selected architectural projects, …

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Urban Symbiosis: Rethinking Public Space In Vushtrri, Gazmend Uka Oct 2024

Urban Symbiosis: Rethinking Public Space In Vushtrri, Gazmend Uka

UBT International Conference

This paper explain process of designing a new urban square in the ancient city of Vushtrri, Kosovo, situated between a 500-year-old Turkish Bath(“Hamam”) and the modern Municipality Building. The proposal presented significant challenges due to the limited space and the need to respect the historical and contemporary architecture and to add a new layer of public square. In order to comprehend the potential of a square to effectively support urban life and enhance its quality, it is important to take into account the notion of urban symbiosis. Applying the concept of urban symbiosis in the built environment, the design fosters …

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Water Quality Standards Assessment, Using Epanet Modeling– Prishtina Case – Oxidation-Reduction Of Manganese On Dw Network, Sokol Xhafa Oct 2024

Water Quality Standards Assessment, Using Epanet Modeling– Prishtina Case – Oxidation-Reduction Of Manganese On Dw Network, Sokol Xhafa

UBT International Conference

Thermal stratification and water movement in reservoirs are key natural processes. While most effects of this movement are beneficial, such as increased oxygen levels, the presence of manganese (Mn) poses a challenge. During autumn, water circulation causes manganese to shift from its solid Mn(4+) form to the dissolved Mn(2+) form, preventing sedimentation and leading to issues in water treatment and distribution networks. This report focuses on these challenges at the Badovc Reservoir, near Prishtina, Kosovo. Built in 1965, Badovc is one of the oldest reservoirs in the country. Manganese, while usually an aesthetic issue that can cause "black water," can …

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Building Efficient Energy And Pollution Control, Afrim Syla Oct 2024

Building Efficient Energy And Pollution Control, Afrim Syla

UBT International Conference

The purpose of the Research paper is through the development of new integrated low energy building solutions entirely based on extensive energy savings and renewable energy supply to meet the society’s demands of 2030 and beyond for zero energy buildings. This is an attempt to develop a working definition for Zero Energy Building, which can be used by the participants in the research paper to focus their research and their development of new technologies. Secondly, the working definition might also be used as basis for a discussion of ”Near Zero Energy Building” definition for future energy regulations in Kosovo that …

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Sensitivity Of Asphalt Pavements To Extreme Weather Conditions, Bekim Selimi, Beni Kizolli Oct 2024

Sensitivity Of Asphalt Pavements To Extreme Weather Conditions, Bekim Selimi, Beni Kizolli

UBT International Conference

Asphalt pavements constructed in warmer climates are more prone to rutting, whereas pavements in colder climates are more susceptible to cracking. Pavement mixtures should be designed not only to handle the high stresses exerted by wheel loads but also to withstand thermal stresses caused by extreme weather conditions. For heavy-duty pavements, it is crucial that both coarse and fine aggregate particles meet quality characteristics related to shape, texture, durability, and absorption. The selection of the asphalt binder for mixture design is equally important. The choice of high and low performance grades of asphalt binder primarily depends on the project’s location. …

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Exploring Interpretable Machine Learning For Modeling Nonlinear Dynamic Systems, Liron Morina, Rina Peja, Getoar Vranovci Oct 2024

Exploring Interpretable Machine Learning For Modeling Nonlinear Dynamic Systems, Liron Morina, Rina Peja, Getoar Vranovci

UBT International Conference

This paper provides an analysis of the interpretable machine learning (IML) approach applied to various nonlinear dynamic systems. The study focuses on modeling the restoring force by neural networks with two input values: displacement and velocity. A parallel neural network with the proposed architecture, initialized randomly, mirrors the designed model. Both models undergo multiple training and testing cycles on identical datasets to ensure robust statistical validation. The findings demonstrate that interpretable artificial neural networks (ANNs) outperform randomly initialized models in terms of accuracy and result consistency. This research provides valuable insights into the application of IML techniques for advancing the …

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