Digital Commons Network^™

Development Trends And Implications Of Muti-Objective Marine Environmental Forecasting Technology, Yineng Li, Yuhang Zhu, Shiqiu Peng, Zhiwu Chen, Xing Wei, Junmin Li, Shaodian Li, Peiwei Xie, Jiawen Liao, Yankun Gong, Shilin Tang, Shuqun Cai

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the continuous expansion of global maritime activities and the steady advancement of the “maritime power” strategy, marine environmental security has become a top priority for China. In deep-sea areas, various environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, sound velocity, wave dynamics, internal solitary waves, and nearshore rip currents play a crucial role in navigation safety and underwater equipment operations. Nevertheless, traditional single-parameter forecasting models are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of multi-objective environmental protection. As a result, there is a growing need for a high-resolution, multi-objective forecasting system that integrates basic oceanographic element predictions (such as temperature, salinity, …

Innovative Applications And Development Paths Of Digital Earth Technology In Marine Environmental Support, Junyi Liu, Xiongfei Liu, Zongji Wang, Zhihong Zeng, Huiping Xie, Siye Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The convergence of Digital Earth technologies and the field of marine environmental support represent a significant trend in global scientific and technological advancement. In response to the characteristics of marine environmental data such as sparsity, dynamic complexity, and multi-scale interdependence, and by integrating the evolution of international Digital Earth technology with China’s independent innovation practices, this study constructs three core methodological paradigms. The first is the element-integrated ontology, which proposes a hybrid representation paradigm of “spatiotemporal embedded field + ontology” to achieve integrated and dynamically evolving modeling of marine physical environments alongside geological, biological, chemical, and other multidimensional elements. The …

The Use Of Artificial Intelligence In Decreasing Vaccine Skepticism And Hesitancy, Nathaniel Wolf, Nhan Nguyen, Rojelio Mejia

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose of review: Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) coincide with decreases in confidence in vaccines. This review examines studies that analyze and mitigate vaccine skepticism by implementing artificial intelligence strategies in various ways.

Recent findings: Studies have explored public attitudes towards vaccines using AI to analyze language in social media postings and interactions, scrutinize AI responses to vaccine-related queries, and attempt to use AI to directly influence vaccine hesitancy. Findings show that AI can be effective in addressing vaccine hesitancy in various ways, including, but not limited to, directly interacting with vaccine-hesitant groups, identifying reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and …

Coming Disruptions In Corporate Law, Douglas Sarro, Edward J. Waitzer

All Papers

Corporate law’s dynamism precludes bold predictions about its future. Instead, we set out to highlight principles relevant to its trajectory and frame looming, unresolved issues. In that vein, artificial intelligence and other digital technologies raise considerable new opportunities for directors to enhance their oversight and for shareholders to be better informed and make more meaningful use of their governance rights. At the same time, the potential for wide-scale automation of corporate activities via these technologies amplifies corporate power and resulting risks of harm, adding new urgency to past prescriptions for rethinking the relationship between corporate and other areas of law …

Simulated Complex Cells Contribute To Object Recognition Through Representational Untangling, Mitchell B Slapik, Harel Z Shouval

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The visual system performs a remarkable feat: it takes complex retinal activation patterns and decodes them for object recognition. This operation, termed "representational untangling," organizes neural representations by clustering similar objects together while separating different categories of objects. While representational untangling is usually associated with higher-order visual areas like the inferior temporal cortex, it remains unclear how the early visual system contributes to this process-whether through highly selective neurons or high-dimensional population codes. This article investigates how a computational model of early vision contributes to representational untangling. Using a computational visual hierarchy and two different data sets consisting of numerals …

Appraisal Of Aquifer Protective Capacity And Groundwater Potential Using The Vertical Electrical Sounding Technique In Illah, Delta State, Nigeria, John E. Okonkwo, Efemena D. Emmanuel

Al-Bahir

Groundwater is a critical resource in Illah, Delta State, where surface water is unreliable. This study aims to evaluate groundwater potential and aquifer properties using geoelectric methods, with a particular focus on Dar-Zarrouk parameters. Thirteen Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) surveys were conducted using the Schlumberger array. Derived parameters, including resistivity, thickness, and Dar-Zarrouk indices, were analysed to characterise the aquifers’ hydraulic properties. Four to five geoelectric layers underlie the study area. Aquifer resistivity ranged from 124–2499 Ω·m, thickness from 3.4–57.9 m, and transmissivity from 27.54–468.99 m²/day. VES 4, VES 1, and VES 7 were identified as high-potential sites. Longitudinal conductance …

Biopcm-Integrated Smart Façade For Hospitals: Thermal Performance Across Floor Levels In A Hot-Arid Climate, Aia A. Qindil, Esraa Elazab, Mohamed M. Shawky Abou Liela

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Hospitals are among the most energy-intensive building types because they operate around the clock and must maintain strict indoor environmental conditions, especially in hot-arid climates. Improving their performance calls for façade solutions that can store thermal energy effectively and help cut carbon emissions. This study evaluates the use of macro-encapsulated BioPCM® within the south façade of a high-rise hospital in Mansoura, Egypt, using dynamic simulations in DesignBuilder (EnergyPlus). The analysis focuses on two vertical levels, the third floor as a typical ward and the seventh floor as a rooftop ward, to investigate how elevation influences PCM performance, an aspect rarely …

Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Metaheuristic Techniques, Narges Sabry Anwer Mohammed, Mohammed Sabry Saraya, Amr M. Thabet, Labib M. Labib

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Credit Card Fraud Detection (CCFD) has become a critical challenge to financial security due to increasingly sophisticated fraudulent activities. This study investigates the effectiveness of Meta-Heuristic (MHT) optimization techniques in improving fraud detection (FD) through feature selection (FS) and model optimization. To address class imbalance, Random Under-Sampling (RUS) was applied. The selected feature subsets were evaluated using three machine learning (ML) classifiers—Decision Tree (DT), KNearest Neighbours (KNN), and XGBoost (Xgb-Tree)—across four benchmark datasets: European, Statlog (Australian Credit Approval), PaySim, and Credit Card Transactions Fraud Detection (CCTFD). Eleven binary MHT algorithms were implemented and compared. The comparative analysis shows that the …

Humanizing Online Learning Through Culturally Responsive Pedagogy: Preserving Cultural Identity And Human Connection In Digital Spaces, Michael Mills

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

The rapid shift to online and hybrid learning environments has highlighted the need for culturally responsive pedagogical approaches in digital spaces. While much research has explored culturally responsive teaching in traditional classrooms, less attention has been paid to how these principles can be effectively translated to online learning environments. This article examines how culturally responsive pedagogy can be meaningfully integrated into online learning spaces through intentional course design, assessment practices, and community building. Drawing from existing literature on culturally responsive teaching, online learning, and digital equity, this paper provides a framework for educators to create more inclusive and culturally sustaining …

Enhancing Deep Learning And Workload Management In Online Education: The Power Of Scaffolded Weekly Assessments, Maryam Mohammad Zadeh, Rebecca Ferrari

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

This study investigates the use of scaffolded weekly assessments with individual feedback in promoting deep learning and managing workload among engineering students in online education. The research focuses on how these assessment strategies shape students’ learning approaches and workload distribution. The study involved the implementation of weekly assessments aligned with intended learning outcomes, complemented by personalized feedback. Data collection comprised student surveys and qualitative feedback to assess the impact on learning approaches and workload management. The qualitative results show that 91.9% of the students adopted deep learning, where only 8.1% engaging in surface learning. Students reported that this approach not …

Design And Analysis Of A Hybrid Energy Storage System For A Bldc Motor In Lightweight Electric Vehicles, Mohammed Turki Baidar, Yasir M. Y. Ameen

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles are being replaced by electric vehicles to decrease fossil fuel depletion, pollution, and the effects of global warming. However, in electric vehicles, the primary concern is battery power consumption and lifespan, which affects the driving range. This study presents a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) comprising a lithium-ion battery and super capacitor array, designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to enhance the range and performance of lightweight electric motorcycles powered by 2.5 kW BLDC motors. A 16-cell super capacitor module (3V, 3000F per cell) achieving 187F total capacitance was integrated with a 44.4V battery through a …

Intelligent Coordination Approach For Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Towards Sustainable Power Supply, Olufisayo Stephen Babalola, Joseph Bukola Samson, Olatunji Waliu Olademeji, Samson Oladayo Ayanlade, Etinosa Noma-Osaghae, Opeyemi Ahmed Ajibola

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

This study developed a microcontroller-based system which coordinates and monitors hybrid renewable energy sources within a microgrid, providing an uninterrupted power solution for off-grid areas. Site data for wind speed, solar radiation, and load demand were collected and averaged into hourly intervals across seasons. A key novelty of this work is an intelligent coordination approach based on Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) that simultaneously determines economically viable system sizes and optimizes real time energy flow for adaptive, reliable, and cost-effective control. Mathematical models and size optimization were developed for all system components. This study proposes an intelligent coordination and optimal sizing …

Intrusion Detection In Cloud Computing Using Support Vector Machine And Fast Firefly Algorithm, Ayobami Taiwo Olusesi, Ignatius Kema Okakwu, Ayodeji Akinsoji Okubanjo, Ayo Isaac Oyedeji, Oluwaseyi Olawale Bello

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Cloud computing has become popular due to the ongoing developments in the Internet and technical advancements. Users are increasingly storing their Web resources and data in the cloud environment due to the convenience and reduced cost of cloud computing services. Data security is crucial to the development of communication systems in cloud computing. Since data in cloud storage environments needs to be protected from intruders, network security in cloud environment has grown significantly in importance in recent years. In order to address these challenges, there is a need for an intrusion detection system (IDS) that can effectively identify malicious attack …

Navigational Path Reversion Analysis From A Prior Divergence Point, Ashutosh Srivastava

Defensive Publications Series

Vehicle navigation systems may calculate prospective routes from a user's current location but may not evaluate the potential benefit of turning around to a prior divergence point. A system can address this by storing data for an unchosen alternative path and its associated divergence point from a selected route. The system can monitor real-time conditions, such as traffic congestion, for both the active route and the stored alternative path. If a trigger condition is met, for example, a significant delay on the active route, a reversion calculation can be performed. This computation can determine an estimated time to backtrack to …

A Multi-Agent Framework For Dynamic Geospatial Acoustic Characterization, Lenord Melvix

Defensive Publications Series

Characterizing the acoustic environment of a geospatial region may be challenging due to limitations in some existing data sources, which can be outdated, geographically broad, subjective, or anecdotal. This document describes a multi-agent computational framework for dynamic geospatial acoustic characterization. The system can utilize a collection of specialized software agents to ingest, process, and synthesize data from multiple heterogeneous sources, such as street-level and aerial audio recordings, user-generated content, and official data feeds. For example, agents can perform tasks such as data sourcing, denoising, source-specific characterization (e.g., vehicular, industrial, human), and temporal synthesis. This framework can be used to produce …

System For Generating Themed Content Using A Generator-Evaluator Framework, Roy Katz

Defensive Publications Series

Manual creation of themed navigational content for user engagement campaigns can be a slow, resource-intensive, and unscalable process, while general-purpose generative models may lack domain-specific safety guidelines and struggle with thematic consistency. A disclosed system can address these challenges through a dual-model, generator-evaluator framework. A primary generative model can create multiple thematic text candidates for a given instruction. A separate, secondary evaluator model may then assess these candidates using a hybrid evaluation process that combines model-based semantic analysis for attributes, such as safety and logical contradiction, with function-based checks for criteria like length and semantic similarity. The system can iteratively …

Ai-Powered Framework For Test Redundancy Detection And Optimization In Software Projects, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure presents an AI-powered solution that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) and machine learning techniques to identify, analyze, and consolidate redundant test cases. In enterprise projects that are maintained for long period of time, test repositories accumulate significant duplication and redundancy, due to requirement changes in the project, which create significant operational challenges. The approach streamlines test repositories, optimizes tests, and reduces execution overhead. This methodology demonstrates improvements in long-running system tests where traditional manual optimization approaches become impractical due to scale and complexity.

System For Autonomous Generation And Methodologically Guided Optimization Of Language Model Prompts, Hui Wu, Yulou Zhou, Simon Zhao

Defensive Publications Series

The efficacy of large language models may be dependent on prompt quality, and manual prompt engineering can be an inefficient, trial-and-error process. Some existing automated optimization approaches may utilize a pre-existing seed prompt and could lack methodological guidance, potentially limiting their effectiveness. A system is described for the automated optimization of instructional prompts that can employ a closed-loop algorithmic pipeline to iteratively generate, evaluate, and refine candidate prompts. The process can be initiated, for example, without a human-provided seed prompt, instead originating initial candidates from reference data and a structured methodological framework, such as a chain-of-thought workflow. This automated and …

Automated Analysis Of User Logs Using Large Language Models In An Agentic Workflow, Sha Li, Chenjie Yu

Defensive Publications Series

Analysis of user interaction logs can be challenging because manual review may not be scalable and aggregated data analysis can obscure the chronological context of user behavior. Systems and methods for automated analysis can use a structured agentic workflow. This workflow can programmatically extract raw, time-ordered session logs and can utilize a large language model, guided by a prompt engineering subsystem, to perform analytical tasks such as classification, summarization, and reasoning on the sequential data. This approach can facilitate scalable and standardized analysis of user behavior by preserving the temporal detail of individual sessions, which may enable AI agent for …

Pre-Retirement Training Programme: Is It A Panacea For Essential Life Skills To Prospective Retirees?, Geofrey Obed Siao, Boniphace Shimba Francis

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The paper assessed the effectiveness of pre-retirement training programme in imparting essential life skills to prospective retirees at TANROADS in Dar es Salaam -Tanzania. Guided by the Human Capital Theory, the article specifically examined the kind of life skills covered in the pre-retirement programme at TANROADS and the extent to which pre-retirement training programme at TANROADS enhanced essential life skills to prospective retirees. A descriptive research design using a qualitative approach was used to collect primary data by interviewing 30 TANROAD officers who participated in pre-retirement training, and a focus group discussion was held to prospective retires in order to …

Towards Decolonization Of Evaluation Practices: A Critical Reflection Of Participatory Evaluation Methodologies In Less Developed Countries, Zabron Kengera

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

For many years evaluation practices in less developed countries have been dominated by scientific, top down, quantitative approaches and methodologies. As the result, many evaluation practices in less developed countries have been largely characterized by skewed power relations with poor adoption and utilization of evaluation findings. Several researchers, writers and development professionals agree that participatory evaluation was adopted in Africa and elsewhere in the world as a strategy to address several weaknesses observed in the conventional evaluation practices. Such practices include too much focus on projects and donor funding, lack of inclusion, poor consideration of local variations, lack of transparency, …

Effectiveness Of Electoral Violence Prevention Mechanisms: Insights From Malawi, Rodrick Henry

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Elections are vital to democracy and democratic consolidation. Ideally, they are peaceful endeavours, allowing voters to express their preferences and winners to take office. However, elections in the Third Wave of democracy often exhibit violence. Election Violence Prevention (EVP) mechanisms have been employed to address conflicts between various actors. Nevertheless, their effectiveness in curbing electoral violence varies across African countries. This paper examines the effectiveness of EVP mechanisms in Malawi, focusing on the Public Affairs Committee, National Initiative for Civic Education, and Multi-party Liaison Committees. The paper argues that EVP mechanisms have been effective in preventing electoral violence. The effectiveness …

Smallholder Orange Farmers’ Access To Market Information In Muheza District, Tanzania, Adolf Julius Mbedule, Hosea N. Mungwabi

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

This study has investigated market information access by smallholder orange farmers in Muheza District, Tanga Region. Specifically, the study sought to examine the extent to which farmers access market information, their sources of information, and whether their age, gender, and level of education influence them. The study used a descriptive research design and a mixed-methods research approach. It involved 103 randomly selected respondents, four key informants and 26 focus group discussion participants divided into two groups, each consisting of 13 participants. To analyze quantitative data, SPSS version 21 was used, and chi-square and logistic regression were run to determine the …

Uncovering Hidden Struggles Among Disaster Survivors In Tanzania: Are They Vulnerable Survivors Or Resilient Victims?, Egidius Kamanyi

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Understanding experiences of disaster survivors as they struggle to bounce back from disaster-caused traumatic experiences, requires concerted and focused efforts involving scholars and practitioners. Developing countries like Tanzania accommodate people who after crisis end up living in misery and not completely recovering. Notwithstanding, however, those labeled resilient or vulnerable usually simply portray a distorted 'face value' reality of the struggles endured. Using a qualitative approach informed by a Chordal Triad of Agency Conceptualization, the paper’s main objective is to uncover hidden struggles among disaster survivors. By recapitulating on the previous study conducted in Kagera14, I extend the argument based on …

Rethinking Marine Resource Management And The Livelihoods Of Artisanal Fishers, Nassoro Rajab Kitunda

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

There are many initiatives, programs and projects based on fishing resource management and improvement of fishing communities. Indeed, all are trying to introduce new forms of fishing as way of improving the marine industry. Nonetheless, there are many things that are either missing or misrepresented in explaining marine resources, especially fishing industry management and subsequent artisanal fishermen’s livelihoods. Because such programs are incompatible and inapplicable, instead of conserving the ocean, they have implications for lives of artisanal fishers and their communities, as the activities displace them so as to access and use the ocean. The study was conducted through qualitative …

Even A Scorpion Sting Hurts Just As Much: A Sobering Look At Men As Victims Of Intimate Partner Abuse And Violence, Nelson Mwesiga Ishengoma

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The subject of intimate violence and abuse has piqued the interest of different groups of people, including psychologists, scholars, and human rights activists over the past 45 years. Even though the epidemiological literature has consistently shown that at least one out of every three people who experience intimate partner violence is a male partner, current initiatives have chosen to ignore this fact. Instead, the phenomenon has been described by most of its advocates as a gender-cockeyed social issue, with a man penned in an “offender” position and a woman in that of a “helpless victim”. Consequently, the exploited man and …

Towards Decolonization Of Evaluation Practices: A Critical Reflection Of Participatory Evaluation Methodologies In Less Developed Countries, Zabron Kengera

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

For many years evaluation practices in less developed countries have been dominated by scientific, top down, quantitative approaches and methodologies. As the result, many evaluation practices in less developed countries have been largely characterized by skewed power relations with poor adoption and utilization of evaluation findings. Several researchers, writers and development professionals agree that participatory evaluation was adopted in Africa and elsewhere in the world as a strategy to address several weaknesses observed in the conventional evaluation practices. Such practices include too much focus on projects and donor funding, lack of inclusion, poor consideration of local variations, lack of transparency, …

Effectiveness Of Electoral Violence Prevention Mechanisms: Insights From Malawi, Rodrick Henry

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Elections are vital to democracy and democratic consolidation. Ideally, they are peaceful endeavours, allowing voters to express their preferences and winners to take office. However, elections in the Third Wave of democracy often exhibit violence. Election Violence Prevention (EVP) mechanisms have been employed to address conflicts between various actors. Nevertheless, their effectiveness in curbing electoral violence varies across African countries. This paper examines the effectiveness of EVP mechanisms in Malawi, focusing on the Public Affairs Committee, National Initiative for Civic Education, and Multi-party Liaison Committees. The paper argues that EVP mechanisms have been effective in preventing electoral violence. The effectiveness …

Smallholder Orange Farmers’ Access To Market Information In Muheza District, Tanzania, Adolf Julius Mbedule, Hosea N. Mungwabi

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

This study has investigated market information access by smallholder orange farmers in Muheza District, Tanga Region. Specifically, the study sought to examine the extent to which farmers access market information, their sources of information, and whether their age, gender, and level of education influence them. The study used a descriptive research design and a mixed-methods research approach. It involved 103 randomly selected respondents, four key informants and 26 focus group discussion participants divided into two groups, each consisting of 13 participants. To analyze quantitative data, SPSS version 21 was used, and chi-square and logistic regression were run to determine the …

Rethinking Marine Resource Management And The Livelihoods Of Artisanal Fishers, Nassoro Rajab Kitunda

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

There are many initiatives, programs and projects based on fishing resource management and improvement of fishing communities. Indeed, all are trying to introduce new forms of fishing as way of improving the marine industry. Nonetheless, there are many things that are either missing or misrepresented in explaining marine resources, especially fishing industry management and subsequent artisanal fishermen’s livelihoods. Because such programs are incompatible and inapplicable, instead of conserving the ocean, they have implications for lives of artisanal fishers and their communities, as the activities displace them so as to access and use the ocean. The study was conducted through qualitative …