Digital Commons Network^™

Guillermo Teo-Najarro V. Attorney General United States Of America

2025 Decisions

Agency

In Re: Nfl Players Concussion Injury Litigation

2025 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Guns, Judges, And Trump, Rebecca L. Brown, Lee Epstein, Mitu Gulati

Duke Law Journal Online

The Second Amendment landscape is widely perceived to have changed as a result of two cases, District of Columbia v. Heller and New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Bruen. But how much did it change and in what ways? Empirical work on these questions has been sparse. This Essay reports on a preliminary look at the data. Although this is a developing story, the impact of these cases appears to have been substantial, and not only by increasing the sheer number of gun cases in the courts. More significant is the way that the Court’s new historical test …

Membrane Lipids Augment Cell Envelope Stress Signaling Via The Madrs System To Defend Against Antimicrobial Peptides And Antibiotics In Enterococcus Faecalis, William R Miller, April Nguyen, Kavindra V Singh, Samie Rizvi, Ayesha Khan, Sam G Erickson, Stephanie L Egge, Melissa Cruz, An Q Dinh, Lorena Diaz, Philip C Thornton, Rutan Zhang, Libin Xu, Danielle A Garsin, Yousif Shamoo, Cesar A Arias

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Enterococci have evolved resistance mechanisms to protect their cell envelopes against bacteriocins and host cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) produced in the gastrointestinal environment. Activation of the membrane stress response has also been tied to resistance to the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin. However, the actual effectors mediating resistance have not been elucidated. Here, we show that the MadRS (formerly YxdJK) membrane antimicrobial peptide defense system controls a network of genes, including a previously uncharacterized 3-gene operon (madEFG) that protects the Enterococcus faecalis cell envelope from antimicrobial peptides. Constitutive activation of the system confers protection against CAMPs and daptomycin in the absence of …

Montana Kaimin, February 20, 2025, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Generative Ai And Disinformation: Analyzing China’S Strategy Amidst U.S. Investment And Export Controls, Liana Edgar

San Diego International Law Journal

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has ushered in a new era of technological, economic, and legal transformation. As economies expand and technology continues to evolve, AI has ignited a competition for technological supremacy, commonly known as the “AI Race.” China and the United States have taken center stage, amplifying their longstanding technological rivalry within the realm of AI. This analysis delves into China’s regulatory approach to generative AI, its strategic positioning in the ongoing AI race, and its influence operations, specifically the dissemination of disinformation. It also examines U.S. strategies for controlling AI technological advancement in China …

Carl Rodgers V. Pennsylvania State Police

2025 Decisions

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

Omar Folk V. Rick Peddicord

2025 Decisions

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

In Re: Bruce Aikins

2025 Decisions

USDC for the District of New Jersey

In Re: Pet Gifts Usa, Llc

2025 Decisions

USDC for the District of New Jersey

A Constitutional Mandate To Adopt Avs, Kevin Frazier

Washington and Lee Law Review Online

The rapid advancement of autonomous vehicle (“AV”) technology presents a unique opportunity to enhance public safety by drastically reducing road fatalities. Despite significant private sector investment and demonstrated improvements in AV performance, public adoption and integration remain hindered by regulatory gaps and societal skepticism. This Article argues that the federal government has an affirmative obligation, rooted in the doctrine of a right to effective government, to champion the adoption of technologies like AVs that meaningfully promote the general welfare.

Drawing on the Preamble’s mandate to advance the general welfare and lessons from the transition from the Articles of Confederation to …

Cross-Examination And The Right To (College) Education: An Analysis Of The Substantive And Procedural Rights, Spencer Thomas

Washington and Lee Law Review Online

If the marketplace of ideas provides the basis for our growth and self-determination as a society, college campuses are the factories in which those ideas are cultivated, tested, and manufactured. Equally important, they are often the chief mechanism by which individual students are given the tools to meaningfully participate in the political process, in civic and social institutions, and the ability to chart socially mobile and economically independent lives.

Yet federal courts have never recognized a student’s liberty interest in their education. Adopting a framework initially posited by Professor Matthew Shaw, this Note advocates that students retain a substantive due …

Plight Of The American Innovator, David R. Soucy

Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property

The American innovator is at risk. Our U.S. patent system unfortunately favors the speculators over the innovators. In the fight against questionable patent suits brought by non-practicing entities (i.e., patent trolls), those disagreements have become a one-sided affair in favor of the investor. This unjust circumstance arises due to the immunity patent trolls have from the innovator’s patents. A frustrating predicament for an innovator who has often made substantial investments in protecting his or her technology that go for naught in a dispute with an entity who does not put products into the stream of commerce. Now § 285 of …

Guardians Of Cyberspace: Censorship, Ai-Generated Child Imagery & The Role Of Online Platforms, Derick A. Kalt

Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property

No abstract provided.

Warner Chappel Music, Inc. V. Nealy And The Copyright Act's Statute Of Limitations, Tyler T. Ochoa

Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property

The U.S. Copyright Act’s statute of limitations is unremarkable. Nonetheless, disputes concerning the interpretation and application of this statute have sufficiently vexed the courts that it has been the subject of two Supreme Court decisions in the past decade. Most recently, Warner Chappell Music, Inc. v. Nealy resolved a circuit split that lasted only a few years. Despite this resolution, and the seeming unanimity of the lower courts in adopting the discovery rule of accrual, closer examination reveals that the lower courts are applying the discovery rule in two very different ways, depending on the nature of the dispute between …

Organic Websites: Certification Of Ai-Generated Or Human-Written Content On The Internet, Andrew W. Torrance, Bill Tomlinson

Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property

This paper proposes the development of a certification system analogous to the standards used in organic food labeling, designed to distinguish websites based on the proportion of human-written versus AI-generated content. In an era where AI plays an increasingly prominent role in content creation, this system would provide transparency for consumers and uphold fair competition in digital markets. The certification would allow website creators to present verifiable evidence of their content’s provenance, ranging from entirely human-made, to a mix of human and AI contributions, to fully AI-generated content. Additionally, this paper explores the legal and policy frameworks necessary for implementing …

Black Women Healing From Gender-Based Violence: Christ-Centered Approaches For Transformative Holistic Wellbeing, Tanya Jahwar

Doctor of Ministry

The Women’s Leadership and Resource Center states, “Gender-based violence against Black women has always existed in the US. From historical accounts of chattel slavery to analyses of present-day society, Black women have endured multiple forms of violence including labor …, sexual …, medical … and … exploitation.”³² This dissertation will provide important research about gender-based violence against Black women and girls and will conclude with Christ-centered approaches for transformative holistic wellbeing. Do laws that prevent violence enable more violence? In the fact sheet published by the National Black Women’s Justice Institute, it is noted that, “Experiences of abuse do …

The Important Role Of Pollinators In Sustainability Education, Bronwen Cowie, Paula Mildenhall

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In this chapter we illustrate some of the ways the education sector can play a key role, not just in educating and activating students as advocates for and agents of sustainability but also in motivating and mobilising communities towards a sustainability agenda. Initially in this chapter it was important to look back and identify how important bees have been through the ages, noting that humans identified very early on that bees could enhance their lives. We then outline some of the contributions a focus on bees can make to sustainability education. One important contribution includes fostering a balanced perspective on …

Multianalytical Characterization Of Byzantine Wall Paintings By Sem-Edx,Μ-Xrd, Raman And Ftir Techniques, Onur Şi̇mşek, Fati̇h Özbaş, Ersi̇n Kaygisiz, Gözem Yaşayan, Gülce Öğrüç Ildiz

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In this study, various analytical methods were employed to examine the mineral based natural pigments in the frescoes of themedieval (9th century) Byzantine church, known today as the Atik Mustafa Pasha Mosque. The techniques include μ-X-ray diffraction(μ-XRD), Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). The SEM-EDX technique enabled the identification of the chemical element compositionin the studied pieces, while Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, as well as XRD, allowed the identification of mineral phases and mineralbased natural pigments in the paints of the frescoes. Fragments of various colors (red, black, yellow, …

2024 Alaska Seismicity Summary, Heather Mcfarlin

Alaska Earthquake Center Reports

The Alaska Earthquake Center reported 39,836 seismic events in Alaska and neighboring regions in 2024. The largest earthquakes were two magnitude 6.3 events that were part of a swarm of M6 events on December 8-9 in the Andreanof Islands region of Alaska. The first occurred on December 8 at 19:57:07 UTC, and the second occurred at 00:15:30 on December 9, followed by an M6.1 23 minutes later. Other strong earthquakes include two M6.0 events, one on May 19 and one on July 19, both south of Yunaska Island in the Islands of Four Mountains region of the Aleutians, and the …

Genetic Engineering In Alpacas May Unlock Cures For Currently Incurable Human Disease, James Cisneros

Research on Capitol Hill

We aimed to establish laparoscopic ovum pickup (L-OPU) techniques in alpaca to retrieve oocytes for in vitro maturation and fertilization. Our project successfully retrieved and matured alpaca oocytes in vitro, a crucial step toward genetic engineering. Next, we will apply CRISPR-Cas9 to deactivate the IGM gene in fertilized embryos, aiming to enhance HCAb production. This will lay the foundation for humanizing these antibodies, making them viable for therapeutic use in human medicine.

Petrography, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Geochemistry, And Sr-C-O Isotope Datafor Provenance Studies Of The Ancient Marmor Iassense In Kıyıkışlacık(Muğla Region), Türkiye, Namik Aysal, Emre Erdem, Nurullah Hani̇lçi̇, Tali̇p Güngör, Si̇nan Öngen, İsak Yilmaz, Fulya Uzun, Davut Laçi̇n, İpek Deni̇z Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Marmor Iassense (Iasos marble, Marmor Carium) banded marbles, produced from the Kızılağaç Formation near thevillage of Kıyıkışlacık, have been favorite marbles from ancient times to the present day with their colors and patterns. During theRoman and Byzantine periods, they were preferred as decorative stones for many important buildings in İstanbul, such as the HagiaSophia, Chora Monastery (Kariye Mosque), and Church of the Holy Apostles, as well as San Vitale in Ravenna and other buildingsthroughout the Mediterranean region. They were used in wall coverings, flooring, columns, and mosaics. These marbles contain redand gray-white alternating folded layers of different thicknesses. They …

Environmental And Cultural Impacts Of The 8.2 Ka Event In Yenikapı (İstanbul/Türkiye), Ayşi̇n Konak, M. Namik Yalçin

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Neolithic lifestyle, which began in the 12th millennium BP with the emergence of villages in the core region extendingfrom Iran to central and southeastern Anatolia and Syria, began to spread to neighboring geographies, such as the Marmara region,in the 9th millennium BP. During the 8.2 ka event that occurred between 8300 and 7900 BP, cold and dry conditions prevailed in thenorthern hemisphere. During the winter months, the humidity decreased and cooling of about 6 ± 2 °C was observed. In order totest whether the 8.2 ka event was also effective in the İstanbul region, a set of inorganic geochemical …

Characterization Of Stone Materials From The Roman Caracalla Bath In Ancyra, Zeynep Tanriverdi̇, Ali̇ Akin Akyol, Yusuf Kağan Kadioğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Roman Caracalla Bath was built during the reign of Roman Emperor Caracalla (circa AD 200). Today it exists only inthe form of wall remnants at the foundation level and functions as an open-air museum. It is located on a mound approximately 2.5-mhigh along Ulus’s Çankırı Street in Ankara. This research paper aims to identify the characterization and implications for provenance ofthe stone materials used in the construction of the bath by using mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical definitions. The resultsobtained from the stone materials also provide guidance for restoration and reinforcement of the bath. In this study, the 13 stone …

Zika Virus Ns1 Drives Tunneling Nanotube Formation For Mitochondrial Transfer And Stealth Transmission In Trophoblasts, Rafael T Michita, Long B Tran, Steven J Bark, Deepak Kumar, Shay A Toner, Joyce Jose, Indira U Mysorekar, Anoop Narayanan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV) is unique among orthoflaviviruses in its vertical transmission capacity in humans, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that ZIKV induces tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in placental trophoblasts which facilitate transfer of viral particles, proteins, mitochondria, and RNA to neighboring uninfected cells. TNT formation is driven exclusively via ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1). Specifically, the N-terminal 1-50 amino acids of membrane-bound ZIKV NS1 are necessary for triggering TNT formation in host cells. Trophoblasts infected with TNT-deficient ZIKV

Write On: Skills Assessments In Clerkship Hiring, Cecilia A. Silver

NULR Online

No abstract provided.

What Do Utahns Think About Global Warming And Climate Change?, Scott Hotaling, Kendall Becker, Lendel K. Narine, Jessica Ulrich-Schad, Roslynn Mccann, Peter D. Howe

All Current Publications

In Utah, there is widespread consensus that global warming is happening, and the strength of this consensus has been steadily rising since 2010. Over the last 14 years, some public opinion metrics have risen dramatically while others have been largely stable. The degree of climate impacts in Utah will depend on residents’ perceptions of climate change and support for implementing policies to help the state adapt to warmer temperatures, more extreme weather events, and other associated changes. In this fact sheet, we integrate multiple data sources to summarize the status and trends of Utahns’ opinions on climate change.

Glenn Howard Griffin, Petitioner/ Appellant V. State Of Utah, Respondent/ Appellee : Reply Brief, Utah Court Of Appeals

Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (2020 –)

Several of the State’s arguments misconstrue Glenn’s arguments. Other positions fail to address arguments that Glenn has made. This reply memorandum highlights the various deficiencies in the State’s arguments

The Federal Estate And Gift Taxes (Richard B. Stephens & Thomas L. Marr, 1959), William T. Stockton Jr.

Florida Law Review

No abstract provided.

Arbitration And The Law (Twelfth Annual Meeting Of The National Academy Of Arbitrators, 1959), Warren E. Hall Jr.

Florida Law Review

No abstract provided.