Digital Commons Network^™

Criminal Court's Disability, Zohra Ahmed

Faculty Scholarship

Do criminal courts meaningfully accommodate psychiatric disability? A review of competency proceedings across the United States suggests not. In competency to stand trial proceedings, criminal court actors offer a narrow vision of psychiatric disability that excludes many defendants. Ultimately, the institutional context of criminal court undermines even the meagre accommodations that the competency framework provides.

Competency proceedings are the constitutional accommodations available to disabled defendants if they can establish that they are unable to consult with their lawyers or if they do not have a rational or factual understanding of the proceedings against them. After a finding of incompetency, the …

Benchmarking Age-Gates, Katharine B. Silbaugh

Faculty Scholarship

This article examines how legal actors—particularly legislators, judges, and attorneys—invoke chronological age to justify the application of legal rules to adolescents. In doing so, they often rely on comparisons to existing “age-gates,” treating these thresholds (such as ages 18 or 21) as self-justifying reference points. Age 18, marking the legal transition from childhood to adulthood, and age 21, the former age of majority and current sales age for certain controlled substances, serve as especially powerful rhetorical anchors in age-based legal reasoning. These anchor points shape how legal actors advocate for or against particular age thresholds, often substituting analogy for substantive …

De Minimis Copying: An Empirical Study, Jessica Silbey, Samantha Zyontz

Faculty Scholarship

In the internet age, the copyright de minimis defense has increased in relevance as copyright lawsuits (and IP generally) are more mainstream and infringement liability more widespread. This Article is the first empirical analysis of copyright de minimis defense cases, collecting and analyzing all such decisions since the mid-19th century. It traces the doctrine’s development over the past century and its evolution in the digital era, when copying has become even more ubiquitous but its triviality remains widely disputed. The Article’s aim is not only to map the de minimis defense to learn more about it doctrinally—asking when is copying …

Reasoning From Injustice, Robert L. Tsai

Faculty Scholarship

In a series of lectures at Yale Law School, the Harvard political theorist Judith Shklar critiqued leading models of justice as overly abstract and lacking a realistic account of the social dynamics that perpetuate injustice. In this essay, Professor Tsai builds on Shklar’s account of injustice as a social phenomenon by offering a structural reading of key literary texts that explore the nature of legal injustice—from the Book of Job to Harriett Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Frederick Douglass’s The Heroic Slave. A close reading of these texts permits us to flesh out Shklar’s observations and “give injustice …

Stress Management Strategies In An Investment Firm: A Managerial Perspective, Cheri C. Nelson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study examined how client relationship managers and market supervision managers in the investment industry experienced, interpreted, and managed workplace stress within the context of organizational culture, leadership practices, and available resources. Guided by the job-demands resources (JD-R) model, semistructured interviews were conducted with participants across multiple markets to investigate the interplay between high job demands, leadership behaviors, and employee well-being. Findings indicated that while trusted colleagues and positive leadership behaviors served as protective resources that reduced strain and fostered resilience, negative attitudes, favoritism, and lack of collaboration among colleagues amplified stress. Communication breakdowns, poorly managed organizational change, and …

Rrad-Reduction Reveals Efficacy Of Targeting L-Type Calcium Channel Regulation For Treatment Of Heart Failure, Garrett Elmore, Sarisha S. Lohano, Nicholas M. Mcvay, Bryana M. Levitan, Andrea Sebastian, Kyle W. Barker, Alec Dupont, Steven W. Leung, Riham R.E. Abouleisa, Pretty R. Mathew, Austin Wellette-Hunsucker, Austin T. Minton, Kenneth S. Campbell, Solomon W. Harrar, Mohammad Mehri, Jonathan F. Wenk, Tamer M.A. Mohamed, Douglas A. Andres, Jonathan Satin

Surgery Faculty Publications

Aims Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a major health problem. Increasing L-type calcium channel (LTCC) activity deteriorates heart function; however, myocardial RRAD knockout (cRADΔ/Δ) instills tonic modulated LTCC current (ICa,L) that preserves healthy myocardium. Thus, we chose to challenge the dogma that enhanced trigger Ca2+ is maladaptive. The study objective was to test the hypothesis that modulated ICa,L in cRADΔ/Δ mice rescues dilated cardiomyopathy by providing tonic modulated trigger Ca2+. Methods and results Mouse and human models were tested. The muscle lim protein knockout mouse (MLPKO) is a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and HFrEF. The …

Course Schedule 2025-2026, William & Mary Law School

Course Information

No abstract provided.

Investigating Machine Learning Algorithms To Classify Label-Free Images Of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, Noelle Daigle, Shuyuan Guan, Suzann Duan, Thomas G Knapp, Eung-Joo Lee, Ali Azhdarinia, Sukhen C Ghosh, Solmaz Aghaamiri, Servando Hernandez Vargas, Naruhiko Ikoma, Jeannelyn Estrella, Martin J Schnermann, Tobias Else, Michelle Kang Kim, Juanita L Merchant, Travis W Sawyer

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Significance: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are an uncommon cancer whose incidence rate has increased dramatically in recent years. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment, which relies on both preoperative tumor localization and postoperative margin definition using histopathological examination for decision making. If pathology could be automated, valuable time and resources could be saved.

Aim: In this study, we investigate the ability of machine learning (ML) with handcrafted features, as well as deep learning, to classify label-free microscopy images of PNENs as a first step toward automated pathology of such tumors.

Approach: Patient samples of two different preparation types were …

Credible Theological Encroachment À La Clemente De Jesús Munguía, Juan Garcia Torres

Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers

No abstract provided.

Matthew Benton, Knowledge And God, Charity Anderson

Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers

No abstract provided.

Islams And Modernity In Cyprus And Turkey: A Comparative Perspective, Michael Todd Smith

School of Political Science, Public Affairs, Legal and Security Studies Faculty Publications

This article critically analyzes Aziz Al-Azmeh’s concept of Islams, while arguing for a contextbased analysis of the meeting between religious identity and modernity. It provides a loose framework for analyzing encounters between Islams and modernity in the cases of Cyprus and Turkey. Despite their close cultural and political connections at the rise of modernity, these two cases diverge, showcasing a high degree of public and private secularism in Cyprus and a contested public secularism and significant private religious identification in Turkey.

Arms Up Or Down? The Effect Of International Organization Membership On Military Expenditures, Maria Christina Kardash

Student Publications

In this paper, I investigate the relationship between the total number of international organizations a state is involved in and its military expenditures as a percentage of GDP. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative analysis, I find support for my hypothesis that the more international organizations a state is a member of, the less a state will expend on its military. Qualitatively, I focus on the three main theories of international relations (realism, liberalism, and constructivism) to construct a theoretical foundation for my paper. Under realism, I focus on free riding behavior, under liberalism, I center on non-military priorities, and under …

Examining The City Of Philadelphia’S Proposition Bill #250768 “Stop Trashing Our Air Act” By Addressing Waste Management And Environmental Justice Challenges In Chester City, Pennsylvania And The Philadelphia Region, Dylan Wascavage

Student Publications

This paper offers a policy analysis of the City of Philadelphia’s "Stop Trashing Our Air Act" by summarizing the reasoning for the bill's call to action, its legislative background, identifying key players and their strategies, and how these strategies reflect philosophies of environmental governance and the policy cycle. It seeks to inform local community members and policymakers of the implications of this bill, to highlight the lack of state and federal intervention on this issue, and to address the environmental justice and pollution concerns of the Covanta waste incinerator in Chester City and its neighboring communities. It also aims to …

Effectiveness Of Chinese Dual-Use Shipbuilding Within State-Owned Enterprises, Naveen Wineland

Student Publications

This paper examines how effectively China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have leveraged dual-use shipbuilding to support the naval modernization of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). While China’s commercial shipbuilding sector now dominates the global market and provides SOEs with massive economies of scale, workforce continuity, and supply chain depth, the ability to translate these advantages into advanced naval shipbuilding has been uneven. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of the developmental state and hidden developmental state, this analysis distinguishes between commercial and naval shipbuilding requirements and examines hull-level production data for major U.S. and Chinese surface combatant classes. The evidence suggests that …

Building Reputation: State-Sponsored Rebellions And Transnational Identities, Marion Mercier, Arthur Silve, Benjamin Tremblay-Auger

ESI Working Papers

States sometimes back rebellions abroad to signal resolve. We study this reputation-building logic in international relations, focusing on co-ethnic links between countries as an objective source of variation in a state’s incentives to demonstrate resolve. We formally derive two interconnected predictions from the mechanism: (a) a state is more likely to endorse the uprising of a foreign group when facing a larger audience, resulting in (b) greater political inclusion for the group. We build a comprehensive panel dataset of co-ethnic rebellion sponsorship, and find evidence consistent with both predictions.

Sullivan. V. Baker Ranches, Inc., 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 36 (2025), Andre Anaya

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

No abstract provided.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition Sensitizes Group 3 Medulloblastoma To Radiotherapy, Cory M Richman, Alexandra Rasnitsyn, Borja L Holgado, Maria Vladoiu, Namal Abeysundara, Sandra Majo, Sara Chabi, Lucie J Taunay, Hiromichi Suzuki, Ichiyo Shibahara, Joonas Haapasalo, Jonelle G Pallotta, Tajana Douglas, Kaitlin Kharas, Kyle Juraschka, Oliver Ocsenas, Sachin A Kumar, Kristiina Nordfors, Ana Guerreiro Stücklin, Raul A Suarez, Jiao Zhang, Xiaochong Wu, Craig Daniels, Livia Garzia, Jüri Reimand, Olivier Saulnier, Thomas E Merchant, Celio Pouponnot, David R Raleigh, Michael D Taylor, Pasqualino De Antonellis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Group 3 (G3) medulloblastoma constitutes the most aggressive molecular subgroup, and nearly all patients present with metastases upon recurrence. Treatment for newly diagnosed medulloblastoma relies on a combination of maximal safe surgical resection, followed by chemotherapy and ionizing radiation, and no therapies have been shown to confer a survival benefit at the time of recurrence. Given the limited therapeutic options available for patients with medulloblastoma, especially at recurrence, and the incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to treatment, we sought to uncover actionable targets and biomarkers that could help refine patient selection and treatment of newly diagnosed medulloblastoma …

Protein Kinase Rock1 Activates Mitochondrial Fission Linking To Oxidative Stress And Muscle Atrophy, Meijun Si, Jihong Chen, Rizhen Yu, Hongchun Lin, Feng Li, Sungyun Jung, Sandhya S Thomas, Farhard R Danesh, Yanlin Wang, Hui Peng, Zhaoyong Hu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with protein-energy wasting, characterized by a reduction in muscle mass and strength. Although mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting, underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: Here, we used transcriptomic analysis, metabolomics analyses, and mouse gene manipulation to investigate the effects of mitochondrial plasticity and oxidative stress on muscle wasting the subtotal nephrectomy mouse models of CKD. The mice with CKD were age- and sex-matched to sham-operated controls.

Results: Through these approaches, Rho-associated kinase ROCK1 emerged as a key molecule responsible for the observed mitochondrial fission and oxidative …

Examining Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Nurse Burnout, Intent To Leave, And Student Debt Burden: A Cross-Sectional Study, Jacqueline Christianson, Kyla Aiyeku, Abiola O. Keller

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Background:

A racially and ethnically diverse nursing workforce can only enhance the profession's ability to serve the widely diverse U.S. population. Embracing differences allows nurses to develop a broader understanding of each other and of their patients. Yet many nurses of color face unique challenges that can adversely impact their well-being and their longevity in this profession.

Purpose:

The purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to examine levels of burnout, intent to leave the profession, and student debt burden among nurses who self-identified as Asian, Black or African American, or Hispanic, and compare these to the levels reported by …

Assessing A Penicillin Allergy De-Labelling Implementation Intervention In A Uk Hospital: A Process Evaluation Reporting Healthcare Workers' Experiences, Neil Powell, Mathew Upton, Bridie Kent, Jonathan A.T. Sandoe, Sarah Tonkin-Crine

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background and objectives Penicillin allergy (penA) records prevent first-line penicillin antibiotic use, but more than 90% are incorrect after formal testing and can be removed ('de-labelled'). We developed an implementation intervention package that supports a multi-professional non-allergy workforce to deliver penicillin allergy de-labelling (PADL) in a UK hospital. To explore the experiences of doctors, nurses, pharmacists and medicines optimization pharmacy technicians (MOPTs) of the implementation intervention package. Methods Process evaluation utilizing semi-structured interviews with doctors, nurses, pharmacists and MOPTs with a target sample size of 20. Inductive reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results Fifteen interviews were …

The Power A Generation Holds: A Study On Students Generating Change In American Social Movements, Caroline E. Koziol

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Social activism ebbs and flows throughout American history. In the contemporary period, high visual coverage of activism has contributed to frustrations over the apparent decrease in change despite perceptions of increased participation. Young activists in the classroom ask questions to learn from their predecessors. This paper focuses on answering, “How can students create sustained change through social activism?” The present work recenters activism in the role of students and higher education institutions, noting their potential for creating change through a formula for future activists to engage with. The proposed formula targets methods and theories to bolster success towards the cause …

Volumetric Differences Of Thalamic Nuclei Are Associated With Posttrauma Psychopathology, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Previous investigations of whole thalamus and thalamic nuclei volumes in posttrauma psychopathology have been sparse and limited in scope and have yielded inconsistent results. To address this, volumetric estimates of whole thalamus and thalamic nuclei were obtained from structural brain magnetic resonance imaging scans from 2058 participants across 20 worldwide sites in the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) working group.

Methods

Thalamic volumes were compared in trauma-exposed participants with PTSD (n = 238), major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 184), and comorbid PTSD+MDD (n = 618) and in trauma-exposed …

Masthead - Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, Vol. 32 (2025-26)

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Burying Weapons Under The White Pine Tree: Reducing Nuclear Weapons And Using The Monetary Savings To Compensate Native Peoples Injured By The U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex, William Y. Chin

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

When Executions Don't Kill: The Stories Of Eight People Who Survived Their Date With Death, Austin Sarat, Julia Morgan-Canales, Aidan Gemme

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

This Article focuses on the eight people who have survived execution attempts in the last 100 years. Some of them faced a second attempt to carry out the sentence. Others escaped that fate only to die in prison; one reached an agreement with the state to allow them to remain in prison for the rest oftheir life, and the fate of another is up in the air.

By examining what went wrong in their executions and the accounts of those events offered by defense lawyers, state officials, and judges, this Article suggests that these executions fall into distinct genres. Each …

Can The Free Speech Clause Protect Transgender Expression From The Trump Administration?, Daniel Cooper

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

This Article explores how the Free Speech Clause can provide protection to speakers implicated by the Trump administration's executive orders restricting gender-related speech. Part I will provide an overview of how the Trump administration has directed executive authority to stifle gender-non-conforming identity and expression, how those efforts fit within the larger context of right-wing efforts to marginalize transgender people, and why the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is not currently a useful tool for the protection of trans rights. Part II will examine efforts to regulate government employees' pronoun usage, focusing on whether …

The Right To "Be Whole": A Jewish Religious Liberty Argument For Gender Affirming Care For Minors, Sarah Weiner

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Splitting The Statute: Severability As A Canon Of Construction Or Constitutional Concern?, Amy L. Moore

Law Faculty Scholarship

This Article examines the Supreme Court’s evolving severability doctrine and interrogates whether severability is best understood as a canon of statutory construction or as a constitutional limitation on judicial power. Tracing the doctrine from Marbury v. Madison through modern cases such as Champlin Refining Co., Carter Coal, INS v. Chadha, Alaska Airlines, Booker, and Seila Law, the Article demonstrates that the Court has oscillated between an interpretive presumption favoring preservation of legislative enactments and a structural concern about judicial lawmaking. It distinguishes between textual severability—excising unconstitutional statutory provisions—and application severability—limiting unconstitutional applications while preserving …

From Latent Patterns To Interpretable Subtypes: Machine Learning Driven Subtyping In Alzheimer’S Clinical Trials, Dulin Wang

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in neurodegenerative diseases often fail to show treatment benefits due to underlying patient variability. To overcome this challenge and improve clinical trial design, it is essential to identify responsive patient subgroups and understand distinct patterns of disease progression. This dissertation addresses these challenges by applying and developing advanced AI methodologies to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) clinical trials. The first study investigates heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) across ten AD RCTs to identify responsive and non-responsive patient subgroups within trials previously considered negative or neutral. By implementing causal forests in ten AD clinical trials, this work reveals the HTEs …

The Evolution Of The Second Amendment And The American Gun Violence Epidemic: A Historical Analysis Of Political Self-Sabotage, Amanda Tureaud

Senior Theses

From the conception of the Bill of Rights until the 21st century, the Second Amendment was read and understood by the American population, both ordinary citizens and government officials, branches, and agencies inclusively, to allow the nation to have an armed military but not for private citizens to own and/or carry firearms. Since 2008, however, the Second Amendment has been interpreted as an absolute freedom for private citizens to own and carry semiautomatic assault weapons in the name of personal protection. This thesis holds that the evolution of society’s attitude on guns and gun control is specifically denoted by the …